1932

Abstract

This review summarizes the extant debate on the interplay between oligopolistic behavior and policy stimuli in determining firms’ green R&D efforts. It encompasses models based on the representative consumer and discrete choice approaches, under both Cournot and Bertrand competition. It also draws on the growing literature on environmental quality, green consumerism's ability to act as a net substitute for environmental policy and the Porter hypothesis. The review discusses empirical evidence on the main results of theoretical models. Several plausible directions for future research are also proposed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-053508
2017-10-05
2024-05-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/resource/9/1/annurev-resource-100516-053508.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-053508&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Aghion P, Bloom N, Blundell R, Griffith R, Howitt P. 2005. Competition and innovation: an inverted-U relationship. Q. J. Econ. 120:701–28 [Google Scholar]
  2. Aghion P, Howitt P. 1998. Endogenous Growth Theory Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  3. Amacher GS, Koskela E, Ollikainen M. 2004. Environmental Quality Competition and Eco-Labeling. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 47:284–306 [Google Scholar]
  4. Ambec S, Barla P. 2002. A Theoretical Foundation of the Porter hypothesis. Econ. Lett. 75:355–60 [Google Scholar]
  5. Ambec S, Barla P. 2006. Can Environmental Regulations Be Good for Business: An Assessment of the Porter Hypothesis. Energy Stud. Rev. 14:42–62 [Google Scholar]
  6. Ambec S, Cohen M, Elgie S, Lanoie P. 2013. The Porter hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness?. Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy 7:2–22 [Google Scholar]
  7. Anderson S, De Palma A, Thisse J-F. 1992. Discrete Choice Theory of Product Differentiation Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  8. André FJ, González P, Porteiro N. 2009. Strategic Quality Competition and the Porter hypothesis. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 57:182–94 [Google Scholar]
  9. Arora S, Gangopadhyay S. 1995. Toward a Theoretical Model of Voluntary Overcompliance. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 28:289–309 [Google Scholar]
  10. Arrow K. 1962. Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention. The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors R Nelson 609–26 Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  11. Bansal S, Gangopadhyay S. 2003. Tax/Subsidy Policies in the Presence of Environmentally Aware Consumers. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 45:333–55 [Google Scholar]
  12. Baron D. 2007. Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Entrepreneurship. J. Econ. Manag. Strategy 16:683–717 [Google Scholar]
  13. Bénabou R, Tirole J. 2010. Individual and Corporate Social Responsibility. Economica 77:1–19 [Google Scholar]
  14. Biglaiser G, Horowitz JK. 1995. Pollution regulation and incentives for pollution control research. J. Econ. Manag. Strategy 3:663–84 [Google Scholar]
  15. Buchanan JM. 1969. External Diseconomies, Corrective Taxes, and Market Structure. Am. Econ. Rev. 59:174–77 [Google Scholar]
  16. Chiou J-R, Hu J-L. 2001. Environmental Research Joint Ventures under Emission Taxes. Environ. Resour. Econ. 20:129–46 [Google Scholar]
  17. Clemenz G. 2010. Eco-Labeling and Horizontal Product Differentiation. Environ. Resour. Econ. 45:481–97 [Google Scholar]
  18. Conrad K. 2005. Price Competition and Product Differentiation when Consumers Care for the Environment. Environ. Resour. Econ. 31:1–19 [Google Scholar]
  19. Constantatos C, Herrmann M. 2011. Market Inertia and the Introduction of Green Products: Can Strategic Effects Justify the Porter hypothesis?. Environ. Resour. Econ. 50:267–84 [Google Scholar]
  20. Crampes C, Hollander A. 1995. Duopoly and Quality Standards. Eur. Econ. Rev. 39:71–82 [Google Scholar]
  21. Cremer H, Thisse J-F. 1999. On the Taxation of Polluting Products in a Differentiated Industry. Eur. Econ. Rev. 43:575–94 [Google Scholar]
  22. Damania D. 1996. Pollution Taxes and Pollution Abatement in an Oligopoly Supergame. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 30:323–36 [Google Scholar]
  23. D'Aspremont C, Jacquemin A. 1988. Cooperative and noncooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers. Am. Econ. Rev. 78:1133–37 [Google Scholar]
  24. Dastidar KG. 1995. On the Existence of Pure Strategy Bertrand equilibrium. Econ. Theory 5:9–32 [Google Scholar]
  25. Deltas G, Harrington DR, Khanna M. 2013. Oligopolies with (Somewhat) Environmentally Conscious Consumers: Market Equilibrium and Regulatory Intervention. J. Econ. Manag. Strategy 22:640–67 [Google Scholar]
  26. Denicolò V. 1999. Pollution-Reducing Innovations under Taxes or Permits. Oxf. Econ. Pap. 51:184–99 [Google Scholar]
  27. Denicolò V. 2008. A Signaling Model of Environmental Overcompliance. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 68:293–303 [Google Scholar]
  28. Downing PB, White LJ. 1986. Innovation in Pollution Control. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 8:225–71 [Google Scholar]
  29. Ecchia G, Lambertini L. 1997. Minimum Quality Standards and Collusion. J. Ind. Econ. 45:101–13 [Google Scholar]
  30. Eriksson C. 2004. Can Green Consumerism Replace Environmental Regulation? A Differentiated-Products Example. Resour. Energy Econ. 26:281–93 [Google Scholar]
  31. Espìnola-Arredendo A, Zhao H. 2012. Environmental Policy in a Linear City Model of Product Differentiation. Environ. Dev. Econ. 17:461–77 [Google Scholar]
  32. Feichtinger G, Lambertini L, Leitmann G, Wrzaczek S. 2016. R&D for Green Technologies in a Dynamic Oligopoly: Schumpeter, Arrow and Inverted U's. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 249:1131–38 [Google Scholar]
  33. Fischer C. Pizer WA. , Parry IWH, 2003. Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection when Technological Innovation Is Endogenous. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 45:523–45 [Google Scholar]
  34. Frondel M, Horbach J, Renning K. 2007. End-of-Pipe or Cleaner Production? An Empirical Comparison of Environmental Innovation Decisions Across OECD countries. Bus. Strategy Environ. 16:571–84 [Google Scholar]
  35. Gabszewicz JJ, Thisse J-F. 1979. Price Competition, Quality and Income Disparities. J. Econ. Theory 20:310–59 [Google Scholar]
  36. Gori GF, Lambertini L. 2013. Trade Liberalisation between Asymmetric Countries with Environmentally Concerned Consumers. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. 43:549–60 [Google Scholar]
  37. Greaker M. 2003. Strategic Environmental Policy: Eco-Dumping or a Green Strategy?. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 45:692–707 [Google Scholar]
  38. Greaker M. 2006. Spillovers in the Development of New Pollution Abatement Technology: A New Look at the Porter Hypothesis. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 56:411–20 [Google Scholar]
  39. Hotelling H. 1929. Stability in competition. Econ. J. 39:41–57 [Google Scholar]
  40. Innes R, Bial JJ. 2002. Inducing Innovation in the Environmental Technology of Oligopolistic Firms. J. Ind. Econ. 3:265–87 [Google Scholar]
  41. Jaffe AB, Newell RG, Stavins RN. 2003. Technological Change and the Environment. Handbook of Environmental Economics 1 KG Mäler, JR Vincent 461–516 Amsterdam: Elsevier [Google Scholar]
  42. Jaffe AB, Palmer K. 1997. Environmental Regulation and Innovation: A Panel Data Study. Rev. Econ. Stat. 79:610–19 [Google Scholar]
  43. Jørgensen S, Martín-Herrán G, Zaccour G. 2010. Dynamic Games in the Economics and Management of Pollution. Environ. Model. Assess. 15:433–67 [Google Scholar]
  44. Jung C, Krutilla K, Boyd R. 1996. Incentives for Advanced Pollution Abatement Technology at the Industry Level: An Evaluation of Policy Alternatives. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 30:95–111 [Google Scholar]
  45. Kamien M, Muller E, Zang I. 1992. Research joint ventures and R&D cartels. Am. Econ. Rev. 82:1293–1306 [Google Scholar]
  46. Kesidou E, Demirel P. 2012. On the Drivers of Eco-Innovations: Empirical Evidence from the UK. Res. Policy 41:862–70 [Google Scholar]
  47. Laffont JJ, Tirole J. 1996a. Pollution Permits and Compliance Strategies. J. Public Econ. 62:85–125 [Google Scholar]
  48. Laffont JJ, Tirole J. 1996b. Pollution Permits and Environmental Innovation. J. Public Econ. 62:127–40 [Google Scholar]
  49. Lambertini L. 2013. Oligopoly, the Environment and Natural Resources London: Routledge
  50. Lambertini L, Tampieri A. 2012. Vertical differentiation in a Cournot industry: the Porter hypothesis and beyond. Resour. Energy Econ. 34:374–80 [Google Scholar]
  51. Lanoie P, Laurent-Lucchetti J, Johnstone N, Ambec S. 2011. Environmental Policy, Innovation and Performance: New Insights on the Porter hypothesis. J. Econ. Manag. Strategy 20:803–42 [Google Scholar]
  52. Lombardini-Riipinen C. 2005. Optimal Tax Policy under Environmental Quality Competition. Environ. Resour. Econ. 32:317–36 [Google Scholar]
  53. Magat WA. 1978. Pollution Control and Technological Advance: A Dynamic Model of the Firm. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 5:1–25 [Google Scholar]
  54. Magat WA. 1979. The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Innovation. Law Contemp. Probl. 43:4–25 [Google Scholar]
  55. Malueg D. 1989. Emission Credit Trading and the Incentive to Adopt New Pollution Abatement Technology. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 16:52–57 [Google Scholar]
  56. Mantovani A, Tarola O, Vergari C. 2016. Hedonic and Environmental Quality: A Hybrid Model of Product Differentiation. Resour. Energy Econ. 45:99–123 [Google Scholar]
  57. Milliman SR, Prince R. 1989. Firm Incentives to Promote Technological Change in Pollution Control. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 17:247–65 [Google Scholar]
  58. Mohr RD. 2002. Technical Change, External Economies, and the Porter hypothesis. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 43:158–68 [Google Scholar]
  59. Montero JP. 2002a. Market Structure and Environmental Innovation. J. Appl. Econ. 5:293–325 [Google Scholar]
  60. Montero JP. 2002b. Permits, Standards, and Technology Innovation. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 44:23–44 [Google Scholar]
  61. Montero JP. 2011. A Note on Environmental Policy and Innovation when Governments Cannot Commit. Energy Econ. 33:S13–19 [Google Scholar]
  62. Moraga-González JL, Padrón-Fumero N. 2002. Environmental Policy in a Green Market. Environ. Resour. Econ. 22:419–47 [Google Scholar]
  63. Mussa M, Rosen S. 1978. Monopoly and Product Quality. J. Econ. Theory 18:301–17 [Google Scholar]
  64. Newell RG, Jaffe AB, Stavins RN. 1999. The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-Saving Technological Change. Q. J. Econ. 114:941–75 [Google Scholar]
  65. Nordhaus W. 1969. Invention, Growth, and Welfare: A Theoretical Treatment of Technological Change Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  66. Parry IWH. 1995. Optimal Pollution Taxes and Endogenous Technological Progress. Resour. Energy Econ. 17:69–85 [Google Scholar]
  67. Parry IWH. 1998. Pollution Regulation and the Efficiency Gains from Technology Innovation. J. Regul. Econ. 14:229–54 [Google Scholar]
  68. Parry IWH. 2003. On the Implications of Technological Innovation for Environmental Policy. Environ. Dev. Econ. 8:57–76 [Google Scholar]
  69. Petrakis E, Xepapadeas A. 1999. Does Governmental Precommitment Promote Environmental Innovation?. Environmental Regulation and Market Power: Competition, Time Consistency and International Trade E Petrakis, ES Sartzetakis, A Xepapadeas 145–61 Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar [Google Scholar]
  70. Popp D. 2006. International Innovation and Diffusion of Air Pollution Control Technologies: The Effects of NOx and SO2 Regulation in the US, Japan, and Germany. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 51:46–71 [Google Scholar]
  71. Porter ME. 1991. America's Green Strategy. Sci. Am. 264:168 [Google Scholar]
  72. Porter ME, van der Linde C. 1995a. Green and Competitive: Ending the Stalemate. Harvard Bus. Rev.Sept.–Oct.120–34
  73. Porter ME, van der Linde C. 1995b. Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship. J. Econ. Perspect. 9:97–118 [Google Scholar]
  74. Poyago-Theotoky J. 2007. The organization of R&D and Environmental Policy. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 62:63–75 [Google Scholar]
  75. Reinganum J. 1989. The Timing of Innovation: Research, Development and Diffusion. Handbook of Industrial Organization 1 R Schmalensee, R Willig 849–908 Amsterdam: North-Holland [Google Scholar]
  76. Requate T. 2005a. Dynamic Incentives by Environmental Policy Instruments—a survey. Ecol. Econ. 54:175–95 [Google Scholar]
  77. Requate T. 2005b. Timing and Commitment of Environmental Policy, Adoption of New Technology, and Repercussions on R&D. Environ. Resour. Econ. 31:175–99 [Google Scholar]
  78. Requate T, Unold W. 2003. Environmental Policy Incentives to Adopt Advanced Abatement Technology: Will the True Ranking Please Stand Up?. Eur. Econ. Rev. 47:125–46 [Google Scholar]
  79. Rexhäuser S, Rammer C. 2014. Environmental Innovations and Firm Profitability: Unmasking the Porter hypothesis. Environ. Resour. Econ. 57:145–67 [Google Scholar]
  80. Ronnen U. 1991. Minimum Quality Standards, Fixed Costs, and Competition. RAND J. Econ. 22:490–504 [Google Scholar]
  81. Sartzetakis ES. 1997. Tradeable Emission Permits Regulation in the Presence of Imperfectly Competitive Product Markets: Welfare Implications. Environ. Resour. Econ. 9:65–81 [Google Scholar]
  82. Schumpeter JA. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy New York: Harper & Row
  83. Scotchmer S. 2004. Innovation and Incentives Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  84. Scotchmer S. 2011. Cap-and-Trade, Emissions Taxes, and Innovation. Innov. Policy Econ. 11:29–54 [Google Scholar]
  85. Scott J. 1996. Environmental Research Joint Ventures among Manufacturers. Rev. Ind. Organ. 11:655–79 [Google Scholar]
  86. Sinn H-W. 2012. The Green Paradox: A Supply-Side Approach to Global Warming Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  87. Spence M. 1984. Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance. Econometrica 52:101–22 [Google Scholar]
  88. Sunnevåg KJ. 2003. Auction Design for the Allocation of Emission Permits in the Presence of market power. Environ. Resour. Econ. 26:385–400 [Google Scholar]
  89. Suzumura K. 1992. Cooperative and noncooperative R&D in an oligopoly with spillovers. Am. Econ. Rev. 82:1307–20 [Google Scholar]
  90. Tirole J. 1988. The Theory of Industrial Organization Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  91. Ulph A. 1996. Environmental Policy and International Trade when Governments and Producers Act Strategically. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 30:265–81 [Google Scholar]
  92. Wenders JT. 1975. Methods of Pollution Control and the Rate of Change in Pollution Abatement Technology. Water Resourc. Res. 11:393–96 [Google Scholar]
  93. Xepapadeas A, de Zeeuw A. 1999. Environmental Policy and Competitiveness: The Porter Hypothesis and the Composition of Capital. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 37:165–82 [Google Scholar]
  94. Zerbe RO. 1970. Theoretical Efficiency in Pollution Control. West. Econ. J. 8:364–76 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-053508
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-053508
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error