Deep Recombination: RNA and ssDNA Virus Genes in DNA Virus and Host Genomes: Video 2

A video from the 2015 review by Kenneth M. Stedman, "Deep Recombination: RNA and ssDNA Virus Genes in DNA Virus and Host Genomes," from the Annual Review of Virology.

Shown: Proposed LINE-1-mediated mechanism of integration of RNA virus genes into host genomes. LINE-1 elements in the host genome (blue rectangle) are transcribed into mRNA (red line). The resulting mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, where they combine with ORF1 (light blue circles) and ORF2 (orange ovals), the products of the two LINE-1 open reading frames. These complexes can be either relocated to stress granules or reimported back into the nucleus (blue arrows), where they can recombine with the host genome (dark gray lines) by reverse transcription. RNA viruses (green hexagon) infect the cell and produce mRNA (orange lines) that can bind to the ORF products of LINE-1 and be imported to the nucleus for reverse transcription or, possibly, relocated to stress granules (green arrows). Download a PowerPoint version of the animation.