The Role of Biofuels Coproducts in Feeding the World Sustainably

Literature Cited

1. Alexandratos N, Bruinsma J. 1.  2012. World agriculture towards 2030/2050: the 2012 revision. ESA Work. Pap. No. 12–03 June Agric. Dev. Econ. Div., Food Agric. Organ. Rome:
2. Gustavsson J, Cederberg C, Sonesson U, van Otterdijk R, Meybeck A. 2.  2011. Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention Rome: Food Agric. Organ.
3. Thornton PK. 3.  2010. Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 365:2853–67 [Google Scholar]
4. Steinfeld H, Gerber P, Wassssenaar T, Castel V, Rosales M, de Haan C. 4.  2006. Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options Rome: Food Agric. Organ.
5. 5. Food Agric. Organ. 2008. The Global Livestock Sector—A Growth Engine Rome: Food Agric. Organ ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ai554e/ai554e00.pdf
6. 6. Int. Feed Ind. Fed. 2016. The Global Feed Industry Wiehl, Ger.: Int. Feed Ind. Fed. http://www.ifif.org/pages/t/The+global+feed+industry
7. Schader C, Muller A, El-Hage Scialabba N, Hecht J, Isensee A. 7.  et al. 2015. Impacts of feeding less food-competing feedstuffs to livestock on global food systems sustainability. J. R. Soc. Interface 12:20150891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0891 [Google Scholar]
8. Cooper G, Weber A. 8.  2013. An outlook on world biofuel production and its implications for the animal feed industry. Biofuel Co-Products as Livestock Feed: Opportunities and Challenges HPS Makkar 1–12 Rome: Food Agric. Organ. [Google Scholar]
9. Lywood W, Pinkney J. 9.  2012. An outlook on EU biofuel production and its implications for the animal feed industry. Biofuel Co-Products as Livestock Feed: Opportunities and Challenges HPS Makkar 13–34 Rome: Food Agric. Organ. [Google Scholar]
10. 10. Organ. Econ. Coop. Dev./Food Agric. Organ. 2015. OECD-FAO agricultural outlook (edition 2015) Organ. Econ. Coop. Dev. Agric. Stat. Database, accessed May 3, 2016, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00736-en
11. 11. Off. Chief Econ., World Agric. Outlook Board, US Dep. Agric 2015. USDA Agricultural projections to 2024 Long-Term Proj. Rep. OCE-2015-1, Interag. Agric. Proj. Comm. 97
12. 12. Sask. Agric. Food. 1993. Establishing an Ethanol Production Business. Saskatchewan, Can.: Agric. Dev. Divers. Secr.8
13. Popp J, Harangi-Rakos M, Gabnai Z, Balogh P, Antal G, Bai A. 13.  2016. Review: biofuels and their co-products as livestock feed: global economic and environmental implications. Molecules 21:285 doi:10.3390/molecules21030285 [Google Scholar]
14. 14. Int. Energy Agency (IEA) 2015. World Energy Outlook 2015 Paris: Int. Energy Agency.200
15. Licht FO. 15.  2013. World Ethanol and Biofuels Report London:: Agra Inf.
16. 16. Renew. Fuels Assoc. 2016. Ethanol Industry Outlook. Washington, DC: Renew. Fuels Assoc.
17. 17. US Dep. Energy. 2006. Crop residue removal for biomass production: effects on soils and recommendations. Tech. Note No. 19, US Dep. Agric. Nat. Resour. Conserv. Serv., Washington, DC. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_053253.pdf
18. 18. US Soybean Export Counc 2015. The nutritional value of U.S. soybean meal. White pap., USSEC, Chesterfield, MO. http://ussec.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/20120123-Nutritional-value-white-paper-1.pdf
19. Cromwell GL. 19.  Soybean meal—an exception protein source Work Pap. http://www.soymeal.org/ReviewPapers/SBMExceptionalProteinSource.pdf
20. Dei HK. 20.  2011. Soybean as a feed ingredient for livestock and poultry. Recent Trends for Enhancing the Diversity and Quality of Soybean Products D Krezhova 215–26 Rijeka, Croatia: InTech http://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-trends-for-enhancing-the-diversity-and-quality-ofsoybean-products/soybean-as-a-feed-ingredient-for-livestock-and-poultry [Google Scholar]
21. Newkirk R. 21.  2009. Canola Meal Feed Industry Guide Winnepeg, Can.: Canola Counc. Can., Can. Int. Grains Inst. 4th ed. https://cigi.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/2009-Canola_Guide.pdf
22. Shurson GC, Zijlstra RT, Kerr BJ, Stein HH. 22.  2012. Feeding biofuels co-products to pigs. Biofuel Coproducts as Livestock Feed: Opportunities and Challenges HPS Makkar 175–207 Rome: Food Agric. Organ. [Google Scholar]
23. Kerr BJ, Dozier WA III, Shurson CG. 23.  2013. Effects of reduced-oil distillers dried grains with solubles composition on digestible and metabolizable energy value and prediction in growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 91:3231–42 [Google Scholar]
24. Liu K. 24.  2011. Chemical composition of distillers grains: a review. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:1508–26 [Google Scholar]
25. Stein HH, Shurson GC. 25.  2009. The use and application of distillers dried grains with solubles in swine diets. J. Anim. Sci. 87:1292–303 [Google Scholar]
26. Schingoethe DJ, Kalscheur KF, Hippen AR, Garcia AD. 26.  2009. Invited review: the use of distillers products in dairy cattle diets. J. Dairy Sci. 92:5802–13 [Google Scholar]
27. Klopfenstein TJ, Erickson GE, Bremer VR. 27.  2008. Use of distillers by-products in the beef cattle feeding industry. J. Anim. Sci. 86:1223–31 [Google Scholar]
28. Swiatkiewicz S, Koreleski J. 28.  2008. The use of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in poultry nutrition. World's Poult. Sci. J. 64:257–66 [Google Scholar]
29. Salim HM, Kruk ZA, Lee BD. 29.  2010. Nutritive value of corn distillers dried grains with solubles as an ingredient of poultry diets: a review. World's Poult. Sci. J. 66:411–32 [Google Scholar]
30. Abd El-Hack MEA, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Dhama K. 30.  2015. Use of maize distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in laying hen diets: trends and advances. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 10:690–705 [Google Scholar]
31. Shurson J. 31.  2012. Maize dried distillers drains with solubles (DDGS)—a new alternative ingredient in aquaculture feeds. World Aquac. 43:54–58 [Google Scholar]
32. Jacela JY, DeRouchey JM, Dritz SS, Tokach MD, Goodband RD. 32.  et al. 2011. Amino acid digestibility and energy content of deoiled (solvent-extracted) corn distillers dried grains with solubles for swine and effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 89:1817–29 [Google Scholar]
33. Hastad CW, Tokach MD, Nelssen JL, Goodband RD, Dritz SS. 33.  et al. 2004. Energy value of dried distillers grains with solubles in swine diets. J. Anim. Sci. 82:Suppl. 250 [Google Scholar]
34. 34. Natl. Res. Counc. 2012. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press., 11th ed..
35. Anderson PV, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Ziemer CJ, Shurson GC. 35.  2012. Determination and prediction of digestible and metabolizable energy from chemical analysis of corn coproducts fed to finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1242–54 [Google Scholar]
36. Kerr BJ, Gabler NK, Shurson GC. 36.  2015. Compositional effects of corn distillers dried grains with solubles with variable oil content on digestible, metabolizable, and net energy values in growing pigs. Prof. Anim. Sci. 31:485–96 [Google Scholar]
37. Meloche KJ, Kerr BJ, Shurson GC, Dozier WA III. 37.  2013. Apparent metabolizable energy and prediction equations for reduced-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles in broiler chicks from 10 to 18 days of age. Poult. Sci. 92:483–89 [Google Scholar]
38. Bremer M. 38.  2014. Energy value of de-oiled distillers grains plus solubles in beef cattle diets MS Thesis Univ. Neb. Lincoln:
39. Kim BG, Kil DY, Stein HH. 39.  2013. In growing pigs, the true ileal and total tract digestibility of acid hydrolyzed ether extract in extracted corn oil is greater than in intact sources of corn oil or soybean oil. J. Anim. Sci. 91:755–63 [Google Scholar]
40. Urriola PE, Shurson GC, Stein HH. 40.  2010. Digestibility of dietary fiber in distillers coproducts fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 88:2373–81 [Google Scholar]
41. Jha R, Woyengo TA, Li J, Bedford MR, Vasanthan T, Zijlstra RT. 41.  2015. Enzymes enhance degradation of the fiber-starch-protein matrix of distillers dried grains with solubles as revealed by a porcine in vitro fermentation model and microscopy. J. Anim. Sci. 93:1039–51 [Google Scholar]
42. Urriola PE, Li M, Kerr BJ, Shurson GC. 42.  2014. Evaluation of prediction equations to estimate gross, digestible, and metabolizable energy content of maize dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) for swine based on chemical composition. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 198:196–202 [Google Scholar]
43. Meloche KJ, Kerr BJ, Billor N, Shurson GC, Dozier WA III. 43.  2014. Validation of prediction equations for apparent metabolizable energy of corn dried distillers grains with solubles in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 93:1428–39 [Google Scholar]
44. Wu F, Johnston LJ, Urriola PE, Hilbrands AM, Shurson GC. 44.  2016. Evaluation of ME predictions and the impact of feeding corn distillers dried grains with solubles with variable oil content on growth performance, carcass composition, and pork fat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 213:128–41 [Google Scholar]
45. Nuez-Ortin WG, Yu P. 45.  2011. Using the NRC chemical summary and biological approaches to predict energy values of new co-product from bio-ethanol production for dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 170:165–70 [Google Scholar]
46. Pahm AA, Pedersen C, Hoehler D, Stein HH. 46.  2008. Factors affecting the variability in ileal amino acid digestibility in corn distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 86:2180–89 [Google Scholar]
47. Urriola PE, Hoehler D, Pedersen C, Stein HH, Shurson GC. 47.  2009. Amino acid digestibility of distillers dried grains with solubles, produced from sorghum, a sorghum-corn blend, and corn fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2574–80 [Google Scholar]
48. Curry SM, Navarro DMDL, Almeida FN, Soares-Almeida JA, Stein HH. 48.  2014. Amino acid digestibility in low-fat distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 5:27 [Google Scholar]
49. Dozier WA III, Perryman KR, Hess JB. 49.  2015. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of reduced-oil distillers dried grains with solubles fed to broilers from 23 to 31 days of age. Poult. Sci. 94:379–83 [Google Scholar]
50. Kim BG, Kil DY, Zhang Y, Stein HH. 50.  2012. Concentrations of analyzed or reactive lysine, but not crude protein, may predict the concentration of digestible lysine in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:3798–808 [Google Scholar]
51. Urriola PE, Johnston LJ, Stein HH, Shurson GC. 51.  2013. Prediction of the concentration of standardized ileal digestible amino acids in distillers dried grains with solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 91:4389–96 [Google Scholar]
52. Almeida FN, Htoo JK, Thomson J, Stein HH. 52.  2013. Amino acid digestibility of heat damaged distillers dried grains with solubles fed to pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 4:44 [Google Scholar]
53. Soto C, Avila E, Arce J, Rosas F, McIntyre D. 53.  2013. Evaluation of different strategies for broiler feed formulation using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a source of information for determination of amino acids and metabolizable energy. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22:730–37 [Google Scholar]
54. Mjoun K, Kalcheur KF, Hippen AR, Schingoethe DJ. 54.  2010. Ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of protein and amino acids in soybean and corn distillers grains products. J. Dairy Sci. 93:4144–54 [Google Scholar]
55. Yildiz E, Todorov N. 55.  2014. The comparison of the main protein sources of dairy cows: a review. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 20:428–46 [Google Scholar]
56. Baker SR, Kim BG, Stein HH. 56.  2013. Comparison of values for standardized total tract digestibility and relative bioavailability of phosphorus in dicalcium phosphate and distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 91:203–10 [Google Scholar]
57. Rojas OJ, Liu Y, Stein HH. 57.  2013. Phosphorus digestibility and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in corn, corn coproducts, and bakery meal fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 91:5326–35 [Google Scholar]
58. Tahir M, Shim MY, Ward NE, Smith C, Foster E. 58.  et al. 2012. Phytate and other nutrient components of feed ingredients for poultry. Poult. Sci. 91:928–35 [Google Scholar]
59. Wamsley KGS, Loar RE II, Karges K, Moritz JS. 59.  2013. The use of practical diets and regression analyses to determine the utilization of lysine and phosphorus in corn distillers dried grains and solubles using Cobb 500 male broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22:279–97 [Google Scholar]
60. Noblet J, van Milgen J. 60.  2004. Energy value of pig feeds: effect of pig body weight and energy evaluation system. J. Anim. Sci. 82:229–38 [Google Scholar]
61. Asmus MD. 61.  2012. Effects of dietary fiber on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality in growing-finishing pigs MS Thesis Kans. State Univ. Manhattan, KS:
62. Salyer JA, deRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Goodband RD. 62.  et al. 2012. Effects of dietary wheat middlings, distillers dried grains with solubles, and choice white grease on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:2620–30 [Google Scholar]
63. Acosta J, Patience JF, Boyd RD. 63.  2016. Comparison of growth and efficiency of dietary energy use by growing pigs offered feeding programs based on the metabolizable energy or the net energy system. J. Anim. Sci. 94:1520–30 [Google Scholar]
64. Wu F, Johnston LJ, Urriola PE, Hilbrands AM, Shurson GC. 64.  2016. Effects of feeding diets containing distillers’ dried grains with solubles and wheat middlings with equal predicted dietary net energy on growth performance and carcass composition of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94:144–54 [Google Scholar]
65. Gutierrez NA, Kerr BJ, Patience JF. 65.  2013. Effect of insoluble-low fermentable fiber from corn-ethanol distillation origin on energy, fiber, and amino acid digestibility, hindgut degradability of fiber, and growth performance of pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 91:5314–25 [Google Scholar]
66. Gutierrez NA, Kil DY, Liu Y, Pettigrew JE, Stein HH. 66.  2014. Effects of co-products from the corn ethanol industry on body composition, retention of protein, lipids and energy, and on the net energy of diets fed to growing or finishing pigs. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94:3008–16 [Google Scholar]
67. Kerr BJ, Gabler NK, Shurson GC. 67.  2015. Formulating diets containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles on a net energy basis: effects on pig performance and on energy and nutrient digestibility. Prof. Anim. Sci. 31:497–503 [Google Scholar]
68. Guney AC, Shim MY, Batal AB, Dale NM, Pesti GM. 68.  2013. Effect of feeding low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles on the performance of broilers. Poult. Sci. 92:2070–76 [Google Scholar]
69. Purdum S, Hanford K, Kreifels B. 69.  2014. Short-term effects of lower oil dried distillers grains with solubles in laying hen rations. Poult. Sci. 93:2592–95 [Google Scholar]
70. Dozier WA III, Hess JB. 70.  2015. Growth and meat yield responses of Hubbard × Cobb 500 male broilers fed diets formulated with distillers dried grains with solubles varying in ether extract content and inclusion rate from 1 to 33 days of age. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 24:436–50 [Google Scholar]
71. 71. Natl. Res. Counc. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press., 9th ed..
72. 72. Biomin 2014. Mycotoxins: science and solutions. Biomin Magazine April 28
73. Guan S, Gong M, Yin Y, Huang R, Ruan Z. 73.  et al. 2011. Occurrence of mycotoxins in feeds and feed ingredients in China. J. Food Agric. Environ. 9:163–67 [Google Scholar]
74. Li X, Zhao L, Fan LY, Jia Y, Sun L. 74.  et al. 2014. Occurrence of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds obtained from the Beijing region of China. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 5:37–45 [Google Scholar]
75. Zhang Y, Caupert J, Imerman PM, Richard JL, Shurson GC. 75.  2009. The occurrence and concentration of mycotoxins in U.S. distillers dried grains with solubles. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57:9828–37 [Google Scholar]
76. Khatibi PA, McMaster NJ, Musser R, Schmale DG III. 76.  2014. Survey of mycotoxins in corn distillers’ dried grains with solubles from seventy-eight ethanol plants in twelve states in the U.S. in 2011. Toxins 6:1155–68 [Google Scholar]
77. Kerr BJ, Ziemer CJ, Weber TE, Trabue SL, Bearson BL. 77.  et al. 2008. Comparative sulfur analysis using thermal combustion or inductively coupled plasma methodology and mineral composition of common livestock feedstuffs. J. Anim. Sci. 86:2377–84 [Google Scholar]
78. Kim BG, Zhang Y, Stein HH. 78.  2012. Sulfur concentration in diets containing corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles does not affect feed preference or growth performance of weanling or growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:272–81 [Google Scholar]
79. 79. Natl. Res. Counc. 1996. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press., 7th rev. ed..
80. Song R, Chen C, Wang L, Johnston LJ, Kerr BJ. 80.  et al. 2013. High sulfur content in corn dried distillers grains with solubles protects against oxidized lipids in DDGS by increasing sulfur-containing antioxidants in nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2715–28 [Google Scholar]
81. Hanson AR, Urriola PE, Johnston LJ, Shurson GC. 81.  2015. Impact of synthetic antioxidants on lipid peroxidation of distillers dried grains with solubles and distillers corn oil in extreme temperature and humidity conditions. J. Anim. Sci. 93:4070–78 [Google Scholar]
82. Kerr BJ, Kellner TA, Shurson GC. 82.  2015. Characteristics of lipids and their feeding value in swine diets. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 6:30 [Google Scholar]
83. Shurson GC, Kerr BJ, Hanson AR. 83.  2015. Evaluating the quality of feed fats and oils and their effects on pig growth performance. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 6:10 [Google Scholar]
84. Song R, Shurson GC. 84.  2013. Evaluation of lipid peroxidation level in corn dried distillers grains with solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 91:4383–88 [Google Scholar]
85. Hanson AR, Johnston LJ, Baidoo SK, Torrison J, Chen C, Shurson GC. 85.  2015. Effect of feeding peroxidized dried distillers grains with solubles to sows and progeny on growth performance and metabolic oxidative status of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93:135–46 [Google Scholar]
86. Weber TE, Kerr BJ. 86.  2011. Effect of dietary distillers dried grains with solubles on indicators of oxidative stress and immune function in growing pigs. Livest. Sci. 142:85–91 [Google Scholar]
87. Li G, Wang X, Lin M, Lu Z, Yao W. 87.  2012. Effects of corn DDGS in combination with compound enzymes on growth performance, carcass fat quality, and plasma and tissue redox homeostasis of growing-finishing pigs. Livest. Sci. 149:46–52 [Google Scholar]
88. Song R, Chen C, Johnston LJ, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Shurson GC. 88.  2014. Effects of feeding diets containing highly peroxidized distillers dried grains with solubles and increasing vitamin E levels to wean-finish pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat composition. J. Anim. Sci. 92:198–210 [Google Scholar]
89. Min YN, Li LL, Liu SK, Zhang J, Gao YP, Liu FZ. 89.  2015. Effects of dietary distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, oxidative stress, and immune function in broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 24:23–29 [Google Scholar]
90. Min YN, Li L, Waldroup PW, Niu ZY, Wang ZP. 90.  et al. 2012. Effects of dietary distillers dried grains with solubles concentrations on meat quality and antioxidant status and capacity of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21:603–11 [Google Scholar]
91. Batal A, Dale N. 91.  2003. Mineral composition of distillers dried grains with solubles. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12:400–3 [Google Scholar]
92. Cortese-Cuevas A, Ramírez-Estrada S, Arce-Menocal J, Avila-González E, López-Coello C. 92.  2015. Effect of feeding low-oil DDGS to laying hens and broiler chickens on performance and egg yolk and skin pigmentation. Braz. J. Poultr. Sci. 17:247–54 [Google Scholar]
93. Mjoun K, Kalscheur KF, Hippen AR, Schingoethe DJ, Little DE. 93.  2010. Lactation performance and amino acid utilization of cows fed increasing amounts of reduced-fat dried distillers grains with solubles. J. Dairy Sci. 93:288–303 [Google Scholar]
94. Castillo-Lopez E, Algya KM, Klopfenstein TJ, Hostetler D, Karges K. 94.  et al. 2013. Effect of feeding reduced-fat dried distillers grains with solubles on lactation performance of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96:E-Suppl. 1240 [Google Scholar]
95. Kalscheur KF. 95.  2013. Use of low-fat DDGS in diets for lactating dairy cattle. Proc. 34th West. Nutr. Conf., Saskatoon, Can., Sept. 24–26,139–45
96. Stein HH, Gibson ML, Pedersen C, Boersma MG. 96.  2006. Amino acid and energy digestibility in ten samples of distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84:853–60 [Google Scholar]
97. Urriola PE, Stein HH. 97.  2010. Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on amino acid, energy, and fiber digestibility and on hindgut fermentation of dietary fiber in a corn-soybean meal diet fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 88:1454–62 [Google Scholar]
98. Kerr BJ, Shurson GC. 98.  2013. Strategies to improve fiber utilization in swine. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 4:4–11 [Google Scholar]
99. Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Shurson GC. 99.  2013. Evaluation of commercially available enzymes, probiotics, or yeast on apparent total-tract nutrient digestion and growth in nursery and finishing pigs fed diets containing corn dried distillers grains with solubles. Prof. Anim. Sci. 29:508–17 [Google Scholar]
100. Slominski BA. 100.  2011. Review: recent advances in research on enzymes for poultry diets. Poult. Sci. 90:2013–23 [Google Scholar]
101. Swiatkiewicz S, Swiatkiewicz M, Arczewska-Wlosek A, Jozefiak D. 101.  2016. Efficacy of feed enzymes in pig and poultry diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles: a review. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 100:15–26 [Google Scholar]
102. Campasino A, Williams M, Latham R, Bailey CA, Brown B, Lee JT. 102.  2015. Effects of increasing dried distillers’ grains with solubles and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme inclusion on growth performance and energy digestibility in broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 24:135–44 [Google Scholar]
103. de Vries S, Pustjens AM, Kabel MA, Salazar-Villanea S, Hendriks WH, Gerrits WJJ. 103.  2013. Processing technologies and cell wall degrading enzymes to improve nutritional value of dried distillers grain with solubles for animal feed—an in vitro digestion study. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61:8821–28 [Google Scholar]
104. de Vries S, Pustjens AM, van Rooijen C, Kable MA, Hendriks WH, Gerrits WJJ. 104.  2014. Effects of acid extrusion on the degradability of maize distillers dried grain with solubles in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 92:5496–506 [Google Scholar]
105. Liu P, Souza LWO, Baidoo SK, Shurson GC. 105.  2012. Impact of distillers dried grains with solubles particle size on nutrient digestibility, DE and ME content, and flowability in diets for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:4925–32 [Google Scholar]
106. Luo Y, Wang Q. 106.  2012. Bioactive compounds in corn. Cereals and Pulses: Nutraceutical Properties and Health Benefits L Yu, R Tsao, F Shahidi 85–103 Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1st ed.. [Google Scholar]
107. Mattila P, Pihlava JM, Hellstrom J. 107.  2005. Contents of phenolic acids, alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols and avenanthramides in commercial grain products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:8290–95 [Google Scholar]
108. Bacchetti T, Masciangelo S, Micheletti A, Ferretti G. 108.  2013. Carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of five local Italian corn (Zea Mays L.). J. Nutr. Food Sci. 3:237–41 [Google Scholar]
109. Han J, Liu K. 109.  2010. Changes in composition and amino acid profile during dry grind ethanol processing from corn and estimation of yeast contribution toward DDGS proteins. J. Agric. Sci. 58:3430–37 [Google Scholar]
110. Fathi MM, Al-Mansour S, Al-Homidan A, Al-Khalaf A, Al-Dmaegh M. 110.  2012. Effect of yeast culture supplementation on carcass yield and humoral immune response of broiler chicks. Vet. World 5:651–57 [Google Scholar]
111. Saqui-Salces M, Huang ZM, Urriola PE, Shurson GC. 111.  2015. Impact of high-fiber diets of different fermentability on intestinal cell differentiation. Gastroenterology 148:Suppl. 1344 [Google Scholar]
112. Huang Z, Urriola PE, Shurson GC, Saqui-Salces M. 112.  2016. Impact of different high fiber diets on intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation in finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94:Suppl. 2123–24 [Google Scholar]
113. Saqui-Salces M, Luo ZH, Kerr BJ, Urriola PE, Shurson GC. 113.  2015. Effect of dietary lipid, fiber type, and particle size on the gastrointestinal endocrine function and nutrient utilization in growing pigs. Gastroenterology 148:Suppl. 1344 [Google Scholar]
114. Saqui-Salces M, Huang ZM, Urriola PE, Shurson GC. 114.  2015. Differential effect of fiber type and fermentability on the intestinal immune response of pigs fed high-fiber diets. Gastroenterology 148:Suppl. 1530 [Google Scholar]
115. Ferrandis Vila M, Huang Z, Urriola PE, Shurson GC, Saqui-Salces M. 115.  2016. High inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles as a dietary fiber source reduces cytokine levels in growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94:Suppl. 288 [Google Scholar]
116. Weber TE, Ziemer CJ, Kerr BJ. 116.  2008. Effects of adding fibrous feedstuffs to the diet of young pigs on growth performance, intestinal cytokines, and circulating acute-phase proteins. J. Anim. Sci. 86:871–81 [Google Scholar]
117. Whitney MH, Shurson GC, Guedes RC. 117.  2006. Effect of including distillers dried grains with solubles in the diet, with or without antimicrobial regimen, on the ability of growing pigs to resist a Lawsonia intracellularis challenge. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1870–79 [Google Scholar]
118. Perez VG. 118.  2010. Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and dietary fiber on the intestinal health of young pigs and chicks PhD Diss Univ. Ill Urbana:
119. Perez VG, Jacobs CM, Barnes J, Jenkins MC, Kuhlenschmidt MS. 119.  et al. 2011. Effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles and Eimeria acervulina infection on growth performance and the intestinal microbiota of young chicks. Poult. Sci. 90:958–64 [Google Scholar]
120. Barekatain MR, Antipatis C, Rodgers N, Walkden-Brown SW, Iji PA. 120.  2013. Evaluation of high dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles and supplementation of protease and xylanase in the diets of broiler chickens under necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult. Sci. 92:1579–94 [Google Scholar]
121. Lim C, Yildirim-Aksoy M, Klesius PH. 121.  2009. Growth response and resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 40:182–93 [Google Scholar]
122. Tres A, Heenan SP, van Ruth S. 122.  2014. Authentication of dried distilled grains with solubles (DDGS) by fatty acid and volatile profiling. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. 59:215–21 [Google Scholar]
123. Tena N, Boix A, von Holst C. 123.  2015. Identification of botanical and geographical origin of distillers dried grains with solubles by near infrared microscopy. Food Control 54:103–10 [Google Scholar]
124. Trudeau MP, Verma H, Urriola PE, Sampedro F, Shurson GC. 124.  et al. 2016. Are there differences in survival among swine corona viruses in feed?. National Hog Farmer May 2. http://nationalhogfarmer.com/nutrition/are-there-differences-survival-among-swine-corona-viruses-feed?NL=NHF-01&Issue=NHF-01_20160502_NHF-01_880&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_2&utm_rid=CPG02000000729673&utm_campaign=9482&utm_medium=email&elq2=b02be0eaa1f4493baad3ba1927b10182
125. Jacob ME, Fox JT, Drouillard JS, Renter DG, Nagaraja TG. 125.  2008. Effects of dried distillers’ grain on fecal prevalence and growth of Escherichia coli O157 in batch culture fermentations from cattle. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:38–43 [Google Scholar]
126. Jacob ME, Parsons GL, Shelor MK, Fox JT, Drouillard JS. 126.  et al. 2008. Feeding supplemental dried distillers grain increases fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in experimentally inoculated calves. Zoonoses Public Health 55:125–32 [Google Scholar]
127. Jacob ME, Fox JT, Narayanan SK, Drouillard JS, Renter DG, Nagaraja TG. 127.  2008. Effects of feeding wet corn distillers grains with solubles with or without monensin and tylosin on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal food-borne pathogenic and commensal bacteria in feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 86:1182–90 [Google Scholar]
128. Peterson RE, Klopfenstein TJ, Moxley RA, Erickson GE, Hinckley S. 128.  et al. 2007. Effect of a vaccine product containing type III secreted proteins on the probability of E. coli O157:H7 fecal shedding and mucosal colonization in feedlot cattle. J. Food Prot. 70:2568–77 [Google Scholar]
129. Nagaraja TG, Drouillard J, Renter D, Narayanan S. 129.  2008. Distillers grains and food-borne pathogens in cattle: interaction and intervention. KLA News Market Rep. 33:35 [Google Scholar]
130. Jacob ME, Fox JT, Drouillard JS, Renter DG, Nagaraja TG. 130.  2009. Evaluation of feeding dried distillers grains with solubles and dry-rolled corn and the fecal prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in cattle. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6:145–53 [Google Scholar]
131. Rostagno MH, Richert BT, Girao LVC, Preis GM, Lara LJ. 131.  et al. 2013. Do dried distillers grains with solubles affect the occurrence of Salmonella enterica colonization in pigs?. J. Anim. Sci. 91:E-Suppl. 2699 [Google Scholar]
132. Loar RE, Moritz JS, Donaldson JR, Corzo A. 132.  2010. Effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles to broilers from 0 to 28 days posthatch on broiler performance, feed manufacturing efficiency, and selected intestinal characteristics. Poult. Sci. 89:2242–50 [Google Scholar]
133. de Alwis H, Heller DN. 133.  2010. Multiclass, multiresidue method for the detection of antibiotic residues in distillers grains by liquid chromatography and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1217:3076–84 [Google Scholar]
134. Kaklamanos G, Vincent U, von Holst C. 134.  2013. Multi-residue method for the detection of veterinary drugs in distillers grains by liquid chromatography—Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1322:38–48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.079 [Google Scholar]
135. Paulus Compart DM, Carlson AM, Crawford GI, Fink RC, Diez-Gonzalez F. 135.  et al. 2013. Presence and biological activity of antibiotics used in fuel ethanol and corn co-product production. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2395–404 [Google Scholar]
136. Flachowsky G, Schafft H, Meyer U. 136.  2012. Animal feeding studies for nutritional and safety assessments of feeds from genetically modified plants: a review. J. Verbrauch. Lebensm. 7:179–94 [Google Scholar]
137. James C. 137.  2013. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops. Brief No. 46 Int. Serv, Acquis. Agri-Biotech Appl Ithaca, NY:
138. Herman RA, Price WD. 138.  2013. Unintended compositional changes in genetically modified (GM) crops: 20 years of research. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61:11695–701 [Google Scholar]
139. 139. Natl. Agric. Stat. Serv. 2015. Acreage. Washington, DC: US Dep. Agric http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/Acre//2010s/2015/Acre-06-30-2015.pdf
140. van Eenennaam AL, Young AE. 140.  2014. Prevalence and impacts of genetically engineered feedstuffs on livestock populations. J. Anim. Sci. 92:4255–78 [Google Scholar]
141. Xu G, Baidoo SK, Johnston JL, Bibus D, Cannon JE, Shurson GC. 141.  2010. Effects of feeding diets containing increasing content of corn distillers dried grains with solubles to grower-finisher pigs on growth performance, carcass composition, and pork fat quality. J. Anim. Sci. 88:1398–410 [Google Scholar]
142. Xu G, Baidoo SK, Johnston LJ, Bibus D, Cannon JE, Shurson GC. 142.  2010. The effects of feeding diets containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles, and withdrawal period of distillers dried grains with solubles, on growth performance and pork quality in grower-finisher pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 88:1388–97 [Google Scholar]
143. Davis JM, Urriola PE, Shurson GC, Baidoo SK, Johnston LJ. 143.  2015. Effects of adding supplemental tallow to diets containing 30% distillers dried grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality in growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93:266–77 [Google Scholar]
144. Davis JM, Urriola PE, Baidoo SK, Johnston LJ, Shurson GC. 144.  2015. Effects of adding supplemental tallow to diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles on fatty acid digestibility in growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93:258–65 [Google Scholar]
145. Harris EK. 145.  2014. Effects of using dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) feeding strategies on growth performance, nutrient intake, body composition, and lean and fat quality of immunologically castrated pigs harvested at 5, 7, or 9 weeks after the second Improvest^® dose PhD Diss Univ. Minn St. Paul, MN:
146. Paulk CB, Bergstrom JR, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Burnett DD. 146.  et al. 2015. Equations generated to predict iodine value of pork carcass back, belly, and jowl fat. J. Anim. Sci. 93:1666–78 [Google Scholar]
147. Wu F, Johnston LJ, Urriola PE, Shurson GC. 147.  2016. Pork fat quality of pigs fed distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with variable oil content and evaluation of iodine value prediction equations. J. Anim. Sci. 94:1041–52 [Google Scholar]
148. Pérez-Vendrell J, Hernández M, Llauradó L, Schierle J, Brufau J. 148.  2001. Influence of source and ratio of xanthophylls pigments on broiler chicken pigmentation and performance. Poult. Sci. 80:320–26 [Google Scholar]
149. Leeson S, Caston L. 149.  2004. Enrichment of eggs with lutein. Poult. Sci. 83:1709–12 [Google Scholar]
150. Shahidi F, Brown JA. 150.  1998. Carotenoid pigments in seafoods and aquaculture. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 38:1–67 [Google Scholar]
151. Hu B. 151.  2012. Xanthophyll in catfish: Response under controlled and outdoor conditions PhD Diss. Auburn Univ. Auburn, AL:
152. Cyriac J, Abdelqader MM, Kalscheur KF, Hippen AR, Schingoethe DJ. 152.  2005. Effect of replacing forage fiber with nonforage fiber in lactating dairy cow diets. J. Dairy Sci. 88:Suppl. 1252 [Google Scholar]
153. Kalscheur KF. 153.  2005. Impact of feeding distillers grains on milk fat, protein, and yield. Proc. Distill. Grains Technol. Counc., 9th Annu. Symp., Louisville, KY. Louisville, KY: Distill. Grains Technol. Counc. [Google Scholar]
154. Gordon CM, Drouillard JS, Phebus RK, Hachmeister KA, Dikeman ME. 154.  et al. 2002. The effect of Dakota Gold Brand dried distillers grains with solubles of varying levels on sensory and color characteristics of ribeye steaks. Rep. Prog. 890, Cattleman's Day 72–74 Kansas State Univ. Manhattan, KS:
155. Roeber DL, Gill RK, DiCostanzo A. 155.  2005. Meat quality responses to feeding distillers grains to finishing Holstein steers. J. Anim. Sci. 83:2455–60 [Google Scholar]
156. Jenschke BE, James KM, Vander Pol KJ, Calkins CR, Klopfenstein TJ. 156.  2006. Wet distillers grains plus solubles do not increase liver-like off-flavors in cooked beef. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. Univ. Nebraska-Lincoln115–17
157. Luepp JL, Lardy GP, Karges KK, Gibson ML, Caton JS. 157.  2009. Effects of increasing level of corn distillers dried grains with soluble on intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation in steers fed seventy percent concentrate diets. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2906–12 [Google Scholar]
158. Koger TJ, Wulf DM, Weaver AD, Wright CL, Tjardes KE. 158.  et al. 2010. Influence of feeding various quantities of wet and dry distillers grains to finishing steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail-case life of ground beef, and fatty acid profile of longissimus muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 88:3399–408 [Google Scholar]
159. Segers JR, Stewart RL Jr., Lents CA, Pringle TD, Froetschel MA. 159.  et al. 2011. Effect of long-term corn by-product feeding on beef quality, strip loin fatty acid profiles, and shelf life. J. Anim. Sci. 89:3792–802 [Google Scholar]
160. Depenbusch BE, Loe ER, Quinn MJ, Corrigan ME, Gibson ML. 160.  et al. 2008. Corn distillers grains with solubles derived from a traditional or partial fractionation process: growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 86:2338–43 [Google Scholar]
161. Mackenzie SG, Leinonen I, Ferguson N, Kyriazakis I. 161.  2016. Can the environmental impact of pig systems be reduced by utilizing co-products as feed?. J. Clean. Prod. 115:172–81 [Google Scholar]
162. Zilberman D. 162.  2016. Indirect land use change: much ado about (almost) nothing. GCB Bioenergy. In press. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12368
163. Trabue S, Kerr B. 163.  2016. Emissions of greenhouse gases, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide from pigs fed standard diets and diets supplemented with dried distillers grains with solubles. J. Environ. Qual. 43:1176–86 [Google Scholar]
164. Spiehs MJ, Whitney MH, Shurson GC, Nicolai RE, Renteria-Flores JA, Parker DB. 164.  2012. Odor and gas emissions and nutrient excretion from pigs fed diets containing dried distillers dried grains with solubles. Appl. Eng. Agric. 28:431–37 [Google Scholar]
165. Trabue S, Kerr BJ, Scoggin K. 165.  2016. Odor and odorous compound emissions from manure of swine fed standard and dried distillers grains with solubles supplemented diets. J. Environ. Qual. 45:915–23 [Google Scholar]
166. Luo Z, Urriola PE, Hu B, Kerr BJ, Shurson GC. 166.  2015. Effect of diet composition and particle size on nutrient excretion of finishing pigs and the propensity to cause manure pit foaming. J. Anim. Sci. 93:Suppl. 2165 [Google Scholar]
167. van Weelden MB, Andersen DS, Kerr BJ, Trabue SL, Pepple LM. 167.  2016. Impact of fiber source and feed particle size on swine manure properties related to spontaneous foam formation during anaerobic decomposition. Bioresour. Technol. 202:84–92 [Google Scholar]
168. Li W, Li QF, Powers W, Karcher D, Angel R, Applegate TJ. 168.  2014. Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and mineral sources on gaseous emissions. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 23:41–50 [Google Scholar]
169. Hunerberg M, McGinn SM, Beauchemin KA, Okine EK, Harstad OM, McAllister TA. 169.  2013. Effect of dried distillers’ grains with solubles on enteric methane emissions and nitrogen excretion from finishing beef cattle. Can J. Anim. Sci. 93:373–85 [Google Scholar]
170. Masse DI, Jarret G, Benchaar C, Cata Saady NM. 170.  2014. Effect of corn dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) in dairy cow diets on manure bioenergy production potential. Animals 4:82–92 [Google Scholar]
171. Hristov AN, Oh J, Firkins JL, Dijkstra J, Kebreab E. 171.  et al. 2013. Special topics: mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emission from animal operations: I. A review of enteric methane mitigation options. J. Anim. Sci. 91:5045–69 [Google Scholar]
172. Cookman DJ, Glatz CE. 172.  2009. Extraction of protein from distillers grain. Bioresour. Technol. 100:2012–17 [Google Scholar]
173. Chiesa S, Gnansounou E. 173.  2011. Protein extraction from biomass in a bioethanol refinery—possible dietary applications: use as animal feed and potential extension to human consumption. Bioresour. Technol. 102:427–36 [Google Scholar]
174. Widmer MR, McGinnis LM, Stein HH. 174.  2007. Energy, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility of high-protein distillers dried grains and corn germ fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 85:2994–3003 [Google Scholar]
175. Kim BG, Petersen GI, Hinson RB, Allee GL, Stein HH. 175.  2009. Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration in a novel source of high-protein distillers dried grains and their effects on growth performance of pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 87:4013–21 [Google Scholar]
176. Jacela JY, Frobose HL, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Dritz SS. 176.  et al. 2010. Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration of high-protein corn dried distillers grains and high-protein sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles for swine. J. Anim. Sci. 88:3617–23 [Google Scholar]
177. Gutierrez NA, Kil DY, Liu Y, Pettigrew JE, Stein HH. 177.  2014. Effects of co-products from the corn-ethanol industry on body composition, retention of protein, lipids and energy, and on the net energy of diets fed to growing or finishing pigs. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94:3008–16 [Google Scholar]
178. Kim BG, Liu Y, Stein HH. 178.  2014. Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in yeast products produced from the ethanol industry, and in brewers’ yeast, fish meal, and soybean meal fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 92:5476–84 [Google Scholar]