Technologies for Micromanipulating, Imaging, and Phenotyping Small Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Small multicellular model organisms such as the invertebrate nematode C. elegans and the vertebrate zebrafish provide unique opportunities for both basic science and pharmaceutical discovery. In recent years, there have been significant breakthroughs in technologies to manipulate and image these organisms for a variety of purposes ranging from behavioral studies of neuronal circuits to high-throughput screening. Here, we review these advancements with a particular focus on the optically transparent model organisms C. elegans and zebrafish.