1932

Abstract

My evolution from electrical engineering student to limnologist and then to oceanographer was a consequence of generous mentoring, which led to my use of the 15N tracer technique to measure nitrogen fixation in aquatic systems. The concept of new and regenerated production arose when I applied this method to measure nitrate and ammonium uptake in marine ecosystems. I then showed that enzyme kinetics could be applied to algal nitrogen uptake and used a silicate pump to explain silicate limitation of diatoms in coastal and equatorial upwelling systems. These concepts are now recognized as modern nutrient paradigms in biogeochemical oceanography. My interest in nutrients required field studies and led to my passion for the study of upwelling ecosystems and the establishment of two major international programs, with numerous advisors, collaborators, and students helping along the way.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063655
2018-01-03
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/marine/10/1/annurev-marine-121916-063655.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063655&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Blasco D, MacIsaac JJ, Packard TT, Dugdale RC. 1984. Relationship between nitrate reductase and nitrate uptake in phytoplankton in the Peru upwelling region. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29:275–86 [Google Scholar]
  2. Brzezinski MA, Baines SB, Balch WM, Beucher CP, Chai F. et al. 2011. Co-limitation of diatoms by iron and silicic acid in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II 58:493–511 [Google Scholar]
  3. Chai F, Dugdale RC, Peng TH, Wilkerson FP, Barber RT. 2002. One-dimensional ecosystem model of the equatorial Pacific upwelling system. Part I: model development and silicon and nitrogen cycle. Deep-Sea Res. II 49:2713–45 [Google Scholar]
  4. Chai F, Lindley ST, Barber RT. 1996. Origin and maintenance of a high nitrate condition in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II 43:1031–64 [Google Scholar]
  5. Codispoti LA, Dugdale RC, Minas HJ. 1982. A comparison of the nutrient regimes off northwest Africa, Peru and Baja California. Rapp. P.-V. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 180:184–201 [Google Scholar]
  6. Davis CO, Harrison PJ, Dugdale RC. 1973. Continuous culture of marine diatoms under silicate limitation. I. Synchronized life cycle of Skeletonema costatum. J. Phycol. 9:175–80 [Google Scholar]
  7. Dugdale RC. 1967. Nutrient limitation in the sea: dynamics, identification and significance. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12:685–95 [Google Scholar]
  8. Dugdale RC, Barber RT, Chai F, Peng TH, Wilkerson FP. 2002a. One-dimensional ecosystem model of the equatorial Pacific upwelling system. Part II: sensitivity analysis and comparison with JGOFS EqPac data. Deep-Sea Res. II 49:2747–68 [Google Scholar]
  9. Dugdale RC, Chai F, Feely RA, Measures CI, Parker AE, Wilkerson FP. 2011. The regulation of equatorial Pacific new production and pCO2 by silicate limited diatoms. Deep-Sea Res. II 8:477–92 [Google Scholar]
  10. Dugdale RC, Dugdale V, Neess J, Goering JJ. 1959. Nitrogen fixation in lakes. Science 130:859–60 [Google Scholar]
  11. Dugdale RC, Goering JJ. 1967. Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12:196–206 [Google Scholar]
  12. Dugdale RC, Hopkins TS. 1972. Predicting the structure and dynamics of a pollution-driven marine ecosystem embedded in an oligotrophic sea. Thalass. Jugosl. 14:107–26 [Google Scholar]
  13. Dugdale RC, Jones BH, MacIsaac JJ, Goering JJ. 1981. Adaptation of nutrient assimilation. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 210:234–50 [Google Scholar]
  14. Dugdale RC, Menzel DW, Ryther JH. 1961. Nitrogen fixation in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res 7:297–300 [Google Scholar]
  15. Dugdale RC, Morel A, Bricaud A, Wilkerson FP. 1989. Modeling new production in upwelling centers: a case study of modeling new production from remotely sensed temperature and color. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 94:18119–32 [Google Scholar]
  16. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP. 1986. The use of 15N to measure nitrogen uptake in eutrophic oceans; experimental considerations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31:673–89 [Google Scholar]
  17. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP. 1989. New production in the upwelling center at Point Conception, California: temporal and spatial patterns. Deep-Sea Res. A 36:985–1007 [Google Scholar]
  18. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP. 1998. Silicate regulation of new production in the equatorial Pacific upwelling. Nature 391:270–73 [Google Scholar]
  19. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Barber RT, Chavez FP. 1992. Estimating new production in the equatorial Pacific Ocean at 150°W. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 97:681–86 [Google Scholar]
  20. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Hogue VE, Marchi A. 2006. Nutrient controls on new production in the Bodega Bay, California, coastal upwelling plume. Deep-Sea Res. II 53:3049–62 [Google Scholar]
  21. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Hogue VE, Marchi A. 2007. The role of ammonium and nitrate in spring bloom development in San Francisco Bay. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 73:17–29 [Google Scholar]
  22. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Minas HJ. 1995. The role of a silicate pump in driving new production. Deep-Sea Res. I 42:697–719 [Google Scholar]
  23. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Morel A. 1990. Realization of new production in coastal upwelling areas: a means to compare relative performance. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:822–29 [Google Scholar]
  24. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Parker AE. 2013. A biogeochemical model of phytoplankton productivity in an urban estuary: the importance of ammonium and freshwater flow. Ecol. Model. 263:291–307 [Google Scholar]
  25. Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Parker AE, Marchi A, Taberski K. 2012. River flow and ammonium discharge determine spring phytoplankton blooms in an urbanized estuary. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 115:187–99 [Google Scholar]
  26. Dugdale RC, Wischmeyer AG, Wilkerson FP, Barber RT, Chai F. et al. 2002b. Meridional asymmetry of source nutrients to the equatorial Pacific upwelling ecosystem and its potential impact on ocean–atmosphere CO2 flux; a data and modeling approach. Deep-Sea Res. II 49:2513–31 [Google Scholar]
  27. Glibert PM, Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Parker AE, Alexander J. et al. 2014a. Major—but rare—spring blooms in 2014 in San Francisco Bay Delta, California, a result of the long-term drought, increased residence time, and altered nutrient loads and forms. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 460:8–18 [Google Scholar]
  28. Glibert PM, Wilkerson FP, Dugdale RC, Parker AE, Alexander J. et al. 2014b. Phytoplankton communities from San Francisco Bay Delta respond differently to oxidized and reduced nitrogen substrates—even under conditions that would otherwise suggest nitrogen sufficiency. Front. Mar. Sci. 1:17 [Google Scholar]
  29. Glibert PM, Wilkerson FP, Dugdale RC, Raven JA, Dupont CL. et al. 2016. Pluses and minuses of ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation by phytoplankton and implications for productivity and community composition, with emphasis on nitrogen‐enriched conditions. Limnol. Oceanogr. 61:165–97 [Google Scholar]
  30. Harrison PJ, Conway HL, Dugdale RC. 1976. Marine diatoms grown in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation. I. Cellular chemical composition and steady-state growth kinetics of Skeletonema costatum. Mar. Biol. 35:177–86 [Google Scholar]
  31. Harvey HW. 1974. The Chemistry and Fertility of Sea Waters Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  32. Jones BH, Brink KH, Dugdale RC, Stuart DW, Van Leer JC. et al. 1983. Observations of a persistent upwelling center off Point Conception, California. Coastal Upwelling: Its Sediment Record E Suess, J Thiede 37–60 New York: Plenum [Google Scholar]
  33. Kudela RM, Cochlan WP, Dugdale RC. 1997. Carbon and nitrogen uptake response to light by phytoplankton during an upwelling event. J. Plankt. Res. 19:609–30 [Google Scholar]
  34. Largier JL, Lawrence CA, Roughan M, Kaplan DM, Dever EP. et al. 2006. WEST: a northern California study of the role of wind-driven transport in the productivity of coastal plankton communities. Deep-Sea Res. II 53:2833–49 [Google Scholar]
  35. MacIsaac JJ, Dugdale RC, Barber RT, Blasco D, Packard TT. 1985. Primary production cycle in an upwelling center. Deep-Sea Res. A 32:503–29 [Google Scholar]
  36. Martin JH, Fitzwater SE. 1988. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic. Nature 331:947–75 [Google Scholar]
  37. Minas HJ, Codispoti LA, Dugdale RC. 1982. Nutrients and primary production in the upwelling region off Northwest Africa. Rapp. P.-V. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 180:148–83 [Google Scholar]
  38. Neess J, Dugdale RC. 1959. Computation of production for populations of aquatic midge larvae. Ecology 40:425–30 [Google Scholar]
  39. Neess J, Dugdale RC, Dugdale VA, Goering JJ. 1962. Nitrogen metabolism in lakes. I. Measurement of nitrogen fixation with 15N. Limnol. Oceanogr. 7:163–69 [Google Scholar]
  40. Packard TT. 1971. The measurement of respiratory electron transport activity in marine phytoplankton. J. Mar. Res. 29:235–44 [Google Scholar]
  41. Parker AE, Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP. 2012. Elevated ammonium concentrations from wastewater discharge depress primary productivity in the Sacramento River and the Northern San Francisco Estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 64:574–86 [Google Scholar]
  42. Parker AE, Wilkerson FP, Dugdale RC, Marchi AM, Hogue VE. et al. 2011. Spatial patterns of nitrogen uptake and phytoplankton in the equatorial upwelling zone (110° W–140° W) during 2004 and 2005. Deep-Sea Res. II 58:417–33 [Google Scholar]
  43. Slawyk G, MacIsaac JJ, Dugdale RC. 1976. Inorganic nitrogen uptake by marine phytoplankton under in situ and simulated in situ incubation conditions: results from the northwest African upwelling region. Limnol. Oceanogr. 21:149–52 [Google Scholar]
  44. Smetacek V. 1998. Biological oceanography: diatoms and the silicate factor. Nature 391:224–25 [Google Scholar]
  45. White KK, Dugdale RC. 1997. Silicate and nitrate uptake in the Monterey Bay upwelling system. Cont. Shelf Res. 17:455–72 [Google Scholar]
  46. Whitledge TE, Dugdale RC. 1972. Creatine in seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 17:309–14 [Google Scholar]
  47. Wilkerson FP, Dugdale RC. 1987. The use of large shipboard barrels and drifters to study the effects of coastal upwelling on phytoplankton dynamics Limnol. Oceanogr. 32:368–82 [Google Scholar]
  48. Wilkerson FP, Dugdale RC. 1992. Measurements of nitrogen productivity in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 97:669–79 [Google Scholar]
  49. Wilkerson FP, Dugdale RC. 2016. The ammonium paradox of an urban high-nutrient low-growth estuary. Aquatic Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry: A Dual Perspective PM Glibert, TM Kana 117–26 Cham, Switz.: Springer [Google Scholar]
  50. Wilkerson FP, Lassiter AM, Dugdale RC, Marchi A, Hogue VE. 2006. The phytoplankton bloom response to wind events and upwelled nutrients during the CoOP WEST study. Deep-Sea Res. II 53:3023–48 [Google Scholar]
  51. Zimmerman RC, Kremer JN, Dugdale RC. 1987. Acceleration of nutrient uptake by phytoplankton in a coastal upwelling ecosystem: a modeling analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32:359–67 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063655
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063655
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error