1932

Abstract

Due to a preoccupation with periods of large-scale social change, nationalism research had long neglected everyday nationhood in contemporary democracies. Recent scholarship, however, has begun to shift the focus of this scholarly field toward the study of nationalism not only as a political project but also as a cognitive, affective, and discursive category deployed in daily practice. Integrating insights from work on banal and everyday nationalism, collective rituals, national identity, and commemorative struggles with survey-based findings from political psychology, I demonstrate that meanings attached to the nation vary within and across populations as well as over time, with important implications for microinteraction and for political beliefs and behavior, including support for exclusionary policies and authoritarian politics. I conclude by suggesting how new developments in methods of data collection and analysis can inform future research on this topic.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074412
2016-07-30
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/soc/42/1/annurev-soc-081715-074412.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074412&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Alexander JC. 2006. The Civil Sphere New York: Oxford Univ. Press
  2. Anderson B. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso
  3. Ariely G. 2011. Constitutional patriotism, liberal nationalism and membership in the nation: an empirical assessment. Acta Polit. 46:294–319 [Google Scholar]
  4. Ariely G. 2012a. Do those who identify with their nation always dislike immigrants? An examination of citizenship policy effects. Natl. Ethn. Polit. 18:242–61 [Google Scholar]
  5. Ariely G. 2012b. Globalization, immigration and national identity: How the level of globalization affects the relations between nationalism, constructive patriotism and attitudes toward immigrants?. Group Process. Intergroup Relat. 15:539–57 [Google Scholar]
  6. Ariely G. 2013. Nationhood across Europe: the civic-ethnic framework and the distinction between Western and Eastern Europe. Perspect. Eur. Polit. Soc. 14:123–43 [Google Scholar]
  7. Aronczyk M. 2013. Branding the Nation: The Global Business of National Identity New York: Oxford Univ. Press
  8. Bail CA. 2008. The configuration of symbolic boundaries against immigrants in Europe. Am. Sociol. Rev. 73:37–59 [Google Scholar]
  9. Bail CA. 2014. The cultural environment: measuring culture with big data. Theory Soc. 43:465–82 [Google Scholar]
  10. Bail CA. 2015. Terrified: How Anti-Muslim Fringe Organizations Became Mainstream Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  11. Bandelj N, Wherry F. 2011. The Cultural Wealth of Nations Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
  12. Bellah R. 1975. The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial New York: Seabury Press
  13. Berezin M. 1997. Making the Fascist Self: The Political Culture of Interwar Italy Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  14. Berezin M. 2001. Emotions and political identity: mobilizing affection for the polity. Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements J Goodwin, JM Jasper, F Polletta 83–98 Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  15. Berezin M. 2009. Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  16. Billig M. 1995. Banal Nationalism Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publ.
  17. Blank T, Schmidt P. 2003. National identity in a united Germany: nationalism or patriotism? An empirical test with representative data. Polit. Psychol. 24:289–312 [Google Scholar]
  18. Bollen K, Díez Medrano J. 1998. Who are the Spaniards? Nationalism and identification in Spain. Soc. Forces 77:587–621 [Google Scholar]
  19. Bonikowski B. 2008. Research on American nationalism: review of literature, annotated bibliography, and directory of publicly available data sets RSF Work. Pap. New York: Russell Sage Found.
  20. Bonikowski B. 2013. Varieties of popular nationalism in modern democracies: an inductive approach to comparative research on political culture. WCFIA Work. Pap. Cambridge, MA: Weatherhead Cent. Int. Aff., Harvard Univ. [Google Scholar]
  21. Bonikowski B, DiMaggio P. 2016. Varieties of American popular nationalism. Am. Sociol. Rev. 82:5 In press [Google Scholar]
  22. Bonikowski B, Gidron N. 2016. The populist style in American politics: presidential campaign discourse, 1952–1996. Soc. Forces. 94:1593–1621 [Google Scholar]
  23. Bourdieu P. 1990 (1980). The Logic of Practice Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
  24. Brubaker R. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  25. Brubaker R. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  26. Brubaker R. 2004a. Ethnicity Without Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  27. Brubaker R. 2004b. In the name of the nation: reflections on nationalism and patriotism. Citizensh. Stud. 8:115–27 [Google Scholar]
  28. Brubaker R, Cooper F. 2000. Beyond “identity.”. Theory Soc. 29:1–47 [Google Scholar]
  29. Brubaker R, Feischmidt M. 2002. 1848 in 1998: the politics of commemoration in Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia. Comp. Stud. Soc. Hist. 44:700–44 [Google Scholar]
  30. Brubaker R, Feischmidt M, Fox J, Grancea L. 2007. Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  31. Calhoun C. 1997. Nationalism. Minneapolis, MN: Open Univ. Press
  32. Centeno MA. 2003. Blood and Debt: War and the Nation-State in Latin America University Park: Penn State Press
  33. Ceobanu AM, Escandell X. 2008. East is West? National feelings and anti-immigrant sentiment in Europe. Soc. Sci. Res. 37:1147–70 [Google Scholar]
  34. Chanley VA. 2002. Trust in government in the aftermath of 9/11: determinants and consequences. Polit. Psychol. 23:469–83 [Google Scholar]
  35. Citrin J, Reingold B, Walters E, Green DP. 1990. The “official English” movement and the symbolic politics of language in the United States. West. Polit. Q. 43:535–59 [Google Scholar]
  36. Coenders M, Scheepers P. 2003. The effect of education on nationalism and ethnic exclusionism: an international comparison. Polit. Psychol. 24:313–43 [Google Scholar]
  37. Collins R. 2004. Rituals of solidarity and security in the wake of terrorist attack. Sociol. Theory 22:53–87 [Google Scholar]
  38. Collins R. 2012. Time-bubbles of nationalism: dynamics of solidarity ritual in lived time. Nations Natl. 18:383–97 [Google Scholar]
  39. Condor S. 2000. Pride and prejudice: identity management in English people's talk about “this country.”. Discourse Soc. 11:175–205 [Google Scholar]
  40. Conover PJ, Feldman S. 1987. Measuring patriotism and nationalism Memo to NES Board Overseers, Am. Natl. Election Stud. http://www.electionstudies.org/resources/papers/documents/nes002263.pdf
  41. Damasio A. 2003. Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain Orlando, FL: Harcourt
  42. De Figueiredo RJP, Elkins Z. 2003. Are patriots bigots? An inquiry into the vices of in-group pride. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 47:171–88 [Google Scholar]
  43. DeSoucey M. 2010. Gastronationalism: food traditions and authenticity politics in the European Union. Am. Sociol. Rev. 75:432–55 [Google Scholar]
  44. Deutsch K. 1953. Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  45. Díez Medrano J, Gutiérrez P. 2001. Nested identities: national and European identities in Spain. Ethnic Racial Stud. 24:753–78 [Google Scholar]
  46. DiMaggio P. 1997. Culture and cognition. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 23:263–87 [Google Scholar]
  47. DiMaggio P. 2001. Why does cognitive (and cultural) sociology need cognitive psychology?. Culture in Mind: Toward a Sociology of Culture and Cognition KA Cerulo 274–80 New York: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  48. DiMaggio P, Nag M, Blei D. 2013. Exploiting affinities between topic modeling and the sociological perspective on culture: application to newspaper coverage of U.S. government arts funding. Poetics 41:570–606 [Google Scholar]
  49. Durkheim E. 1995 (1912). The Elementary Forms of Religious Life New York: The Free Press
  50. Edensor T. 2002. National Identity, Popular Culture and Everyday Life. New York: Berg
  51. Emirbayer M, Goldberg CA. 2005. Pragmatism, Bourdieu, and collective emotions in contentious politics. Theory Soc. 34:469–518 [Google Scholar]
  52. Escandell X, Ceobanu AM. 2010. Nationalisms and anti-immigrant sentiment in Spain. S. Eur. Soc. Polit. 15:157–79 [Google Scholar]
  53. Evans MDR, Kelley J. 2002. National pride in the developed world: survey data from 24 nations. Int. J. Public Opin. Res. 14:303–38 [Google Scholar]
  54. Feinstein Y. 2016a. Rallying around the president: When and why do Americans close ranks behind their presidents during international crisis and war?. Soc. Sci. Hist. 40:1–34 [Google Scholar]
  55. Feinstein Y. 2016b. Pulling the trigger: how threats to the nation increase support for military action via the generation of hubris. Sociol. Sci. 3317–34 [Google Scholar]
  56. Foner N, Simon P. 2015. Fear, Anxiety and National Identity: Immigration and Belonging in North America and Europe. New York: Russell Sage Found.
  57. Fox JE. 2006. Consuming the nation: holidays, sports, and the production of collective belonging. Ethn. Racial Stud. 29:217–36 [Google Scholar]
  58. Fox JE, Miller-Idriss C. 2008. Everyday nationhood. Ethnicities 8:536–63 [Google Scholar]
  59. Francis D, O'Grady S. 2015. Opponents of Syrian refugee resettlement seize on the Paris attacks. Foreign Policy Nov. 14. http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/14/opponents-of-syrian-refugee-resettlement-seize-on-the-paris-attacks/
  60. Gangl K, Torgler B, Kirchler E. 2015. Patriotism's impact on cooperation with the state: an experimental study on tax compliance. Pol. Psychol. In press. doi:10.1111/pops.12294
  61. Gellner E. 1983. Nations and Nationalism Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  62. Gerstle G. 2001. American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  63. Giddens A. 1991. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
  64. Goldberg A. 2011. Mapping shared understandings using relational class analysis: the case of the cultural omnivore reexamined. Am. J. Sociol. 116:1397–436 [Google Scholar]
  65. Goode JP, Stroup DR. 2015. Everyday nationalism: constructivism for the masses. Soc. Sci. Q. 96:717–39 [Google Scholar]
  66. Goodwin J, Jasper JM, Polletta F. 2000. The return of the repressed: the fall and rise of emotions in social movement theory. Mobilization 5:65–84 [Google Scholar]
  67. Green EGT, Sarrasin O, Fasel N, Staerklé C. 2011. Nationalism and patriotism as predictors of immigration attitudes in Switzerland: a municipality-level analysis. Swiss Polit. Sci. Rev. 17:369–93 [Google Scholar]
  68. Grimmer J, Stewart BM. 2013. Text as data: the promise and pitfalls of automatic content analysis methods for political texts. Polit. Anal. 21:1–31 [Google Scholar]
  69. Haidt J. 2012. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion New York: Pantheon Books
  70. Hechter M. 2000. Containing Nationalism New York: Oxford Univ. Press
  71. Herzog B. 2015. Revoking Citizenship: Expatriation in America from the Colonial Era to the War on Terror. New York: New York Univ. Press
  72. Hjerm M. 1998. National identities, national pride, and xenophobia: a comparison of four Western countries. Acta Sociol. 41:335–47 [Google Scholar]
  73. Hjerm M. 2001. Education, xenophobia, and nationalism: a comparative analysis. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 27:37–60 [Google Scholar]
  74. Hjerm M, Schnabel A. 2010. Mobilizing nationalist sentiments: Which factors affect nationalist sentiments in Europe?. Soc. Sci. Res. 39:527–39 [Google Scholar]
  75. Hobsbawm EJ. 1983. Mass-producing traditions: Europe, 1870–1914. The Invention of Tradition EJ Hobsbawm, T Ranger 263–307 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  76. Huddy L, Khatib N. 2007. American patriotism, national identity, and political involvement. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 51:63–77 [Google Scholar]
  77. Huntington SP. 2004. Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity New York: Simon & Schuster
  78. Jasper JM. 2011. Emotions and social movements: twenty years of theory and research. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 37:285–303 [Google Scholar]
  79. Jones FL, Smith P. 2001. Diversity and commonality in national identities: an exploratory analysis of cross-national patterns. J. Sociol. 37:45–63 [Google Scholar]
  80. Kam CD, Kinder DR. 2007. Terror and ethnocentrism: foundations of American support for the war on terrorism. J. Polit. 69:320–38 [Google Scholar]
  81. Kaufmann E. 2000. Ethnic or civic nation? Theorizing the American case. Can. Rev. Stud. Natl. 27:133–54 [Google Scholar]
  82. Kertzer DI. 1988. Ritual, Politics, and Power. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
  83. Knuckey J, Kim M. 2015. Racial resentment, old-fashioned racism, and the vote choice of southern and nonsouthern whites in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Soc. Sci. Q. 96:905–22 [Google Scholar]
  84. Knudsen K. 1997. Scandinavian neighbours with different character? Attitudes toward immigrants and national identity in Norway and Sweden. Acta Sociol. 40:223–43 [Google Scholar]
  85. Kohn H. 1944. The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background New York: Macmillan
  86. Koopmans R, Statham P, Giugni M, Passy F. 2005. Contested Citizenship: Immigration and Cultural Diversity in Europe. Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press
  87. Köse A, Yılmaz M. 2012. Flagging Turkishness: the reproduction of banal nationalism in the Turkish press. Natl. Pap. 40:909–25 [Google Scholar]
  88. Kosterman R, Feshbach S. 1989. Towards a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Polit. Psychol. 10:257–74 [Google Scholar]
  89. Kunovich RM. 2009. The sources and consequences of national identification. Am. Sociol. Rev. 74:573–93 [Google Scholar]
  90. Lainer-Vos D. 2013. Sinews of the Nation: Constructing Irish and Zionist Bonds in the United States Malden, MA: Polity Press
  91. Lamont M, Molnar V. 2002. The study of boundaries in the social sciences. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 28:167–95 [Google Scholar]
  92. Levitt P. 2015. Artifacts and Allegiances: How Museums Put the Nation and the World on Display. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
  93. Li Q, Brewer M. 2004. What does it mean to be an American? Patriotism, nationalism, and American identity after September 11. Polit. Psychol. 25:727–39 [Google Scholar]
  94. Lieven A. 2004. America Right or Wrong: An Anatomy of American Nationalism. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
  95. Lipset MS. 1990. Continental Divide: The Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada New York: Routledge
  96. Lizardo O. 2004. The cognitive origins of Bourdieu's habitus. J. Theory Soc. Behav. 34:375–401 [Google Scholar]
  97. Lukes S. 2005. Power: A Radical View New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2nd ed..
  98. McNeill D, Tewdwr-Jones M. 2003. Architecture, banal nationalism and re-territorialization. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. 27:738–43 [Google Scholar]
  99. McVeigh R. 2014. What's new about the Tea Party. Understanding the Tea Party D Meyer, N Van Dyke 15–34 Burlington, VT: Ashgate [Google Scholar]
  100. Medvetz T. 2012. Think Tanks in America Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  101. Mijs JB, Bakhtiari E, Lamont M. 2016. Neoliberalism and symbolic boundaries in Europe: global diffusion, local context, regional variation. Socius In press
  102. Miller-Idriss C. 2006. Everyday understandings of citizenship in Germany. Citizsh. Stud. 10:541–70 [Google Scholar]
  103. Miller-Idriss C. 2009. Blood and Culture: Youth, Right-Wing Extremism, and National Belonging in Contemporary Germany Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
  104. Miller-Idriss C, Rothenberg B. 2012. Ambivalence, pride, and shame: conceptualisations of German nationhood. Nations Natl. 18:132–35 [Google Scholar]
  105. Mohr JW. 1998. Measuring meaning structures. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 24:345–70 [Google Scholar]
  106. Mora C. 2014. Making Hispanics: How Activists, Bureaucrats, and Media Constructed a New American Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  107. Moreau J. 2003. Schoolbook Nation: Conflicts over American History Textbooks from the Civil War to the Present Ann Arbor: Univ. Mich. Press
  108. Mudde C. 1999. The single-issue party thesis: extreme right parties and the immigration issue. Party Polit. 22182–97 [Google Scholar]
  109. Müller-Peters A. 1998. The significance of national pride and national identity to the attitude toward the single European currency: a Europe-wide comparison. J. Econ. Psychol. 19:701–19 [Google Scholar]
  110. Mummendey A, Klink A, Brown R. 2001. Nationalism and patriotism: national identification and out-group rejection. Brit. J. Soc. Psychol. 40:159–72 [Google Scholar]
  111. Oliver JE, Rahn W. 2016. Rise of the Trumpenvolk: populism in the 2016 election. Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. In press [Google Scholar]
  112. Parker CS. 2010. Symbolic versus blind patriotism: distinction without difference?. Polit. Res. Q. 63:97–114 [Google Scholar]
  113. Patterson O. 2014. Making sense of culture. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 40:1–30 [Google Scholar]
  114. Pehrson S, Vignoles VL, Brown R. 2009. National identification and anti-immigrant prejudice: individual and contextual effects of national definitions. Soc. Psychol. Q. 72:24–38 [Google Scholar]
  115. Rahn W. 2000. Affect as information: the role of public mood in political reasoning. Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality A Lupia, MD McCubbins, SL Popkin 130–50 New York: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  116. Rahn WM, Kroeger B, Kite CM. 1996. A framework for the study of public mood. Polit. Psychol. 17:29–58 [Google Scholar]
  117. Renan E. 1882 (1996). What is a nation?. Becoming National: A Reader G Eley, RG Suny 41–55 New York: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  118. Rivera LA. 2008. Managing “spoiled” national identity: war, tourism, and memory in Croatia. Am. Sociol. Rev. 73:613–34 [Google Scholar]
  119. Schatz RT, Staub E, Lavine H. 1999. On the varieties of national attachment: blind versus constructive patriotism. Polit. Psychol. 20:151–74 [Google Scholar]
  120. Schildkraut D. 2003. American identity and attitudes toward official-English policies. Polit. Psychol. 24:469–99 [Google Scholar]
  121. Scott JC. 1999. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
  122. Shulman S. 2002. Challenging the civic/ethnic and West/East dichotomies in the study of nationalism. Comp. Polit. Stud. 35:554–85 [Google Scholar]
  123. Sidanius J, Feshbach S, Levin S, Pratto F. 1997. The interface between ethnic and national attachment: ethnic pluralism or ethnic dominance?. Public Opin. Q. 61:102–33 [Google Scholar]
  124. Sidanius J, Petrocik JR. 2001. Communal and national identity in a multiethnic state: a comparison of three perspectives. Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Reduction R Ashmore, L Jussim, D Wilder 101–29 New York: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  125. Simonsen KB. 2016a. Ripple effects: An exclusive host national context produces more perceived discrimination among immigrants. Eur. J. Polit. Res. 55:374–90 [Google Scholar]
  126. Simonsen KB. 2016b. How the host nation's boundary drawing affects immigrants' belonging. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 42:1153–76 [Google Scholar]
  127. Skey M. 2006. “Carnivals of surplus emotion?” Towards an understanding of the significance of ecstatic nationalism in a globalising world. Stud. Ethn. Natl. 6:143–61 [Google Scholar]
  128. Skey M. 2011. National Belonging and Everyday Life: The Significance of Nationhood in an Uncertain World New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  129. Skitka LJ. 2005. Patriotism or nationalism? Understanding post-September 11, 2001, flag-display behavior. J. Appl. Psychol. 35:1995–2011 [Google Scholar]
  130. Slez A, Martin JL. 2007. Political action and party formation in the United States constitutional convention. Am. Sociol. Rev. 72:42–67 [Google Scholar]
  131. Smith R. 1997. Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of American Citizenship in U.S. History. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
  132. Smith TW, Kim S. 2006. National pride in comparative perspective: 1995/96 and 2003/04. Int. J. Public Opin. Res. 18:127–36 [Google Scholar]
  133. Smith-Lovin L. 2007. The strength of weak identities: social structural sources of self, situation and emotional experience. Soc. Psychol. Q. 70:106–24 [Google Scholar]
  134. Snow DA, Benford RD. 1988. Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization. Int. Soc. Mov. Res. 1:197–217 [Google Scholar]
  135. Solt F. 2011. Diversionary nationalism: economic inequality and the formation of national pride. J. Polit. 73:821–30 [Google Scholar]
  136. Spillman L. 1997. Nation and Commemoration: Creating National Identities in the United States and Australia. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  137. Surak K. 2011. From selling tea to selling Japaneseness: symbolic power and the nationalization of cultural practices. Eur. J. Sociol. 52:175–208 [Google Scholar]
  138. Surak K. 2012. Making Tea, Making Japan Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
  139. Swank D, Betz H-G. 2003. Globalization, the welfare state, and right-wing populism in Western Europe. Socioecon. Rev. 1:215–45 [Google Scholar]
  140. Swidler A. 1986. Culture in action: symbols and strategies. Am. Sociol. Rev. 51:273–86 [Google Scholar]
  141. Teeger C, Vinitzky-Seroussi V. 2007. Controlling for consensus: commemorating apartheid in South Africa. Symb. Interact. 30:57–78 [Google Scholar]
  142. Tilly C. 2002. Stories, Identities, and Political Change New York: Rowman & Littlefield
  143. Vaisey S. 2009. Motivation and justification: a dual-process model of culture in action. Am. J. Sociol. 114:1675–715 [Google Scholar]
  144. Wagner-Pacifici R, Schwartz B. 1991. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial: commemorating a difficult past. Am. J. Sociol. 97:376–420 [Google Scholar]
  145. Waldstreicher D. 1997. In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776–1820. Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
  146. Walzer M. 1990. What does it mean to be an American?. Soc. Res. 57:591–614 [Google Scholar]
  147. Wimmer A. 2002. Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows of Modernity New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  148. Wimmer A. 2013. Ethnic Boundary Making: Institutions, Power, Networks. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
  149. Wimmer A, Feinstein Y. 2010. The rise of the nation-state across the world, 1816 to 2001. Am. Sociol. Rev. 75:764–90 [Google Scholar]
  150. Wimmer A, Glick Schiller N. 2002. Methodological nationalism and the study of migration. Eur. J. Sociol. 43:217–40 [Google Scholar]
  151. Winichakul T. 1997. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Honolulu: Univ. Hawaii Press
  152. Wodak R, de Cillia R, Reisigl M, Liebhart K. 1999. The Discursive Construction of National Identity Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh Univ. Press
  153. Wright M. 2011a. Diversity and the imagined community: immigrant diversity and conceptions of national identity. Polit. Psychol. 32:837–62 [Google Scholar]
  154. Wright M. 2011b. Policy regimes and normative conceptions of nationalism in mass public opinion. Comp. Polit. Stud. 44:598–624 [Google Scholar]
  155. Wright M, Citrin J. 2011. Saved by the stars and stripes? Images of protest, salience of threat, and immigration attitudes. Am. Polit. Res. 39:323–43 [Google Scholar]
  156. Wright M, Reeskens T. 2013. Of what cloth are the ties that bind? National identity and support for the welfare state across 29 European countries. J. Eur. Public Policy 20:1443–63 [Google Scholar]
  157. Yack B. 1999. The myth of the civic nation. Theorizing Nationalism R Beiner 103–18 Albany: SUNY Press [Google Scholar]
  158. Zerubavel E. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive Sociology Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  159. Zubrzycki G. 2006. The Crosses of Auschwitz: Nationalism and Religion in Post-Communist Poland. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074412
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074412
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error