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Annual Review of Virology

Volume 2, 2015

Koala Retroviruses: Evolution and Disease Dynamics*

Abstract

A retroviral etiology for malignant neoplasias in koalas has long been suspected. Evidence for retroviral involvement was bolstered in 2000 by the isolation of a koala retrovirus (KoRV), now termed KoRV-A. KoRV-A is an endogenous retrovirus—a retrovirus that infects germ cells—a feature that makes it a permanent resident of the koala genome. KoRV-A lacks the genetic diversity of an exogenous retrovirus, a quality associated with the ability of a retrovirus to cause neoplasias. In 2013, a second KoRV isolate, KoRV-B, was obtained from koalas with lymphomas in the Los Angeles Zoo. Unlike KoRV-A, which is present in the genomes of all koalas in the United States, KoRV-B is restricted in its distribution and is associated with host pathology (neoplastic disease). Here, our current understanding of the evolution of endogenous and exogenous KoRVs, and the relationship between them, is reviewed to build a perspective on the future impact of these viruses on koala sustainability.

Keyword(s): endogenous retrovirus, epizoonosis, Phascolarctos cinereus, provirus, SLC19A2, SLC20A1

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2015-11-09
2024-04-24
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Koala Retroviruses: Evolution and Disease Dynamics*
Annual Review of Virology 2, 119 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-055056
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-055056
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-055056
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Supplemental Material

Author Maribeth V. Eiden, of the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation at the National Institute of Mental Health, discusses her article.

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  • Article Type: Review Article

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