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The neutral B mesons, B0 and
Bs0, can oscillate between their particle and
antiparticle states owing to flavor-changing weak interactions. In recent
years, techniques to detect these oscillations as a function of the
meson's decay time have been developed. This article reviews the physics
of flavor oscillations and summarizes theoretical predictions. The many
observations that demonstrate the time dependence of
oscillations are presented along with a combined measurement of its frequency,
Δ md = 0.484 ± 0.015
ps−1. The attempts to measure the
Bs0 oscillation frequency, both directly and
indirectly, are then summarized, currently resulting in a limit of Δ
ms > 14.6 ps−1 (95% CL). Finally,
values for the CKM elements |Vtd| = (3.6
± 0.4) × 10−3 and
|Vts/Vtd| > 4.7
(95% CL) are extracted.
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