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Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry

Volume 18, 2025

Forensic Analytical Chemistry for Minimizing Injustice: Advances and Challenges

Abstract

Forensic analytical chemistry has evolved significantly, embracing myriad methodological and technological advancements to expand the frontiers of evidence analysis. Beyond technology, modern forensic scientists face challenges working within the criminal justice system where scientific operational and research choices are directed by law enforcement agencies. This review examines issues surrounding the accuracy of presumptive tests, the use of portable instrumentation, and sample contamination, as exemplified by field drug testing. Data management and preservation are discussed, including the integration of machine learning into forensic workflows and the critical need for transparency to stakeholders. Finally, the operational interpretation and translation of analytical results and the role of forensic laboratories as high-reliability organizations are explored. Addressing the disparities and ensuring the credibility of forensic methods are essential for promoting reliability and equity within the justice system.

Keyword(s): ethics, forensic science, instrumentation, justice, methods, standardization
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2025-05-15
2025-06-12
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Forensic Analytical Chemistry for Minimizing Injustice: Advances and Challenges
Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 18, 23 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-072624-030546
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-anchem-072624-030546
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