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Annual Review of Animal Biosciences

Volume 13, 2025

Rumen-Targeted Mining of Enzymes for Bioenergy Production

  • Isaac Cann1,2,3,4,5, Yanfen Cheng6, Manal A.B. Alhawsawi2,3,7, Mallory Moran1,2, Yuqi Li6, Tian Gong2,8, Weiyun Zhu6 and Roderick I. Mackie1,2,3
  • 1Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 3Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 4Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 5Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 6Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 7Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia 8National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
  • Vol. 13:343-369 (Volume publication date February 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on November 14, 2024
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Second-generation biofuel production, which aims to convert lignocellulose to liquid transportation fuels, could be transformative in worldwide energy portfolios. A bottleneck impeding its large-scale deployment is conversion of the target polysaccharides in lignocellulose to their unit sugars for microbial fermentation to the desired fuels. Cellulose and hemicellulose, the two major polysaccharides in lignocellulose, are complex in nature, and their interactions with pectin and lignin further increase their recalcitrance to depolymerization. This review focuses on the intricate linkages present in the feedstocks of interest and examines the potential of the enzymes evolved by microbes, in the microbe/ruminant symbiotic relationship, to depolymerize the target polysaccharides. We further provide insights to how a rational and more efficient assembly of rumen microbial enzymes can be reconstituted for lignocellulose degradation. We conclude by expounding on how gains in this area can impact the sustainability of both animal agriculture and the energy sector.

Keyword(s): bioenergy, biofuels, enzymes, lignocellulose, rumen
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Rumen-Targeted Mining of Enzymes for Bioenergy Production
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 13, 343 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040
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