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Annual Review of Animal Biosciences

Volume 13, 2025

The Geometric Framework for Nutrition and Its Application to Rodent Models

Abstract

Rodents have been the primary model for mammalian nutritional physiology for decades. Despite an extensive body of literature, controversies remain around the effects of specific nutrients and total energy intake on several aspects of nutritional biology, even in this well-studied model. One approach that is helping to bring clarity to the field is the geometric framework for nutrition (GFN). The GFN is a multidimensional paradigm that can be used to conceptualize nutrition and nutritional effects, design experiments, and interpret results. To date, more than 30 publications have applied the GFN to data from rodent models of nutrition. Here we review the major conclusions from these studies. We pay particular attention to the effects of macronutrients on satiety, glucose metabolism, lifespan and the biology of aging, reproductive function, immune function, and the microbiome. We finish by highlighting several knowledge gaps that became evident upon reviewing this literature.

Keyword(s): appetite, lifespan, macronutrient, metabolism, nutrition, protein
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2025-02-18
2025-06-13
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327
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The Geometric Framework for Nutrition and Its Application to Rodent Models
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 13, 389 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327
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