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Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Volume 27, 2025

Leveraging Preclinical Modeling for Clinical Advancements in Single Ventricle Physiology: Spotlight on the Fontan Circulation

  • Andreas Escher1,2, Carlos Aguilar Vega1, Markus A. Horvath1,2, Caglar Ozturk1,3 and Ellen T. Roche1,2,4
  • 1Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; email: [email protected] 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • Vol. 27:449-472 (Volume publication date May 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on March 03, 2025
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Preclinical modeling of human circulation has been instrumental in advancing cardiovascular medicine. Alongside clinical research, the armamentarium of computational (e.g., lumped parameter or computational fluid dynamics) and experimental (e.g., benchtop or animal) models have substantially enhanced our understanding of risk factors and root causes for circulatory diseases. Recent innovations are further disrupting the boundaries of these preclinical models toward patient-specific simulations, surgical planning, and postoperative outcome prediction. This fast-paced progress empowers preclinical modeling to increasingly delve into the intricacies of single ventricle physiology, a rare and heterogeneous congenital heart disease that remains inadequately understood. Here, we review the current landscape of preclinical modeling (computational and experimental) proposed to advance clinical management of a prominent yet complex subset of single ventricle physiology: patients who have undergone Fontan-type surgical corrections. Further, we explore recent innovations and emerging technologies that are poised to bridge the gap between preclinical Fontan modeling and clinical implementation.

Keyword(s): animal model, benchtop, computational fluid dynamics, Fontan, lumped parameter model, single ventricle physiology
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2025-05-01
2025-06-23
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-102723-013709
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Leveraging Preclinical Modeling for Clinical Advancements in Single Ventricle Physiology: Spotlight on the Fontan Circulation
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 27, 449 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-102723-013709
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-102723-013709
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-102723-013709
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