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Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Volume 27, 2025

Replicating Host–Microbiome Interactions: Harnessing Organ-on-a-Chip and Organoid Technologies to Model Vaginal and Lung Physiology

  • Jade Coxon1, Emily Linder2, Caden Sweet3, Scott Magness3,4 and Leopold Green1,2
  • 1Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; email: [email protected] 2Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA 3Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 4Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
  • Vol. 27:403-423 (Volume publication date May 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on February 19, 2025
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) and organoid technologies are at the forefront of developing sophisticated in vitro systems that replicate complex host–microbiome interactions, including those associated with vaginal health and lung infection. We explore how these technologies provide insights into host–microbiome and host–pathogen interactions and the associated immune responses. Integrating omics data and high-resolution imaging in analyzing these models enhances our understanding of host–microbiome interactions' temporal and spatial aspects, paving the way for new diagnostic and treatment strategies. This review underscores the potential of OOC and organoid technologies in elucidating the complexities of vaginal health and lung disease, which have received less attention than other organ systems in recent organoid and OCC studies. Yet, each system presents notable characteristics, rendering them ideal candidates for these designs. Additionally, this review describes the key factors associated with each organ system and how to choose the technology setup to replicate human physiology.

Keyword(s): host–microbiome interactions, lung infection, OOC, organ-on-a-chip, organoids, vaginal health
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2025-05-01
2025-06-25
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-122343
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Replicating Host–Microbiome Interactions: Harnessing Organ-on-a-Chip and Organoid Technologies to Model Vaginal and Lung Physiology
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 27, 403 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-122343
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-122343
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-122343
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