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Annual Review of Cancer Biology

Volume 9, 2025

Preclinical Models of Solid Cancers for Testing Cancer Immunotherapies

Abstract

Preclinical models have played a pivotal role in the development of immunotherapies that now have become a standard treatment option for numerous cancer types. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of various mouse models in advancing our understanding of cancer immunology and responses to immunotherapy. Furthermore, we explore how emerging technologies such as humanized models, the integration of CRISPR/Cas9 systems, and advanced in vitro systems are helping us deepen our insights into cancer–immune interactions that dictate the response to therapies. Integrating these diverse models with cutting-edge genetic and genomic tools will be crucial to tackle challenges such as immunotherapy resistance and to design the next generation of cancer immunotherapy drugs.

Keyword(s): cancer, immune-oncology, immunotherapy, mouse models, preclinical models
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062822-024810
2025-04-11
2025-04-21
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062822-024810
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Preclinical Models of Solid Cancers for Testing Cancer Immunotherapies
Annual Review of Cancer Biology 9, 285 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062822-024810
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062822-024810
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062822-024810
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  • Article Type: Review Article

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