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Reducing CO2 in the atmosphere and preventing its release from point-source emitters, such as coal and natural gas–fired power plants, is a global challenge measured in gigatons. Capturing CO2 at this scale will require a portfolio of gas-separation technologies to be applied over a range of applications in which the gas mixtures and operating conditions will vary. Chemical scrubbing using absorption is the current state-of-the-art technology. Considerably less attention has been given to other gas-separation technologies, including adsorption and membranes. It will take a range of creative solutions to reduce CO2 at scale, thereby slowing global warming and minimizing its potential negative environmental impacts. This review focuses on the current challenges of adsorption and membrane-separation processes. Technological advancement of these processes will lead to reduced cost, which will enable subsequent adoption for practical scaled-up application.
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Download Supplemental Material (PDF). Includes Supplemental Figure 1 (also reproduced below). Supplemental Figure 1. Pareto fronts for the maximization of productivity and minimization of energy for the four-step PVSA cycle at different evacuation pressures.