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Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Volume 16, 2025

Chiral Assemblies of π-Conjugated Molecules: Fundamentals, Processing Strategies, and Applications in (Opto)Electronics

  • Pravini S. Fernando1,*, Yen-Chi Chen1,*, Janice M. Baek2,* and Ying Diao1,2,3
  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; email: [email protected] 3Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
    * These authors contributed equally to the writing of this article
  • Vol. 16:59-91 (Volume publication date June 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on March 07, 2025
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Chirality, a fundamental attribute of asymmetry, pervades in both nature and functional soft materials. In chiral material systems design, achieving global symmetry breaking of building blocks during assembly, with or without the aid of additives, has emerged as a promising strategy across domains including chiral sensing, electronics, photonics, spintronics, and biomimetics. We first introduce the fundamental aspects of chirality, including its structural basis and symmetry-breaking mechanisms considering free energy minimization. We particularly emphasize supramolecular assembly, such as through the formation of chiral liquid crystal phases. Next, we summarize processing strategies to control chiral symmetry breaking, exploiting external fields such as flow, magnetic fields, and templates. The final section discusses interactions between chiral molecular assemblies with circularly polarized (CP) light and electronic spin and their applications in CP light detectors, CP-spin-organic light-emitting diodes, CP displays, and spintronic devices based on the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect.

Keyword(s): chirality, electronic devices, optoelectronics, processing, spintronics, supramolecular chirality
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Chiral Assemblies of π-Conjugated Molecules: Fundamentals, Processing Strategies, and Applications in (Opto)Electronics
Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 16, 59 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-104224
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-104224
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-104224
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