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Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

Volume 21, 2025

Pathways to Crime and Antisocial Behavior: A Critical Analysis of Psychological Research and a Call for Broader Ecological Perspectives

  • Edelyn Verona1 and Bryanna Fox2
  • 1Department of Psychology and Center for Justice Research & Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; email: [email protected] 2Department of Criminology and Center for Justice Research & Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
  • Vol. 21:439-464 (Volume publication date May 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on February 10, 2025
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

The United States has one of the highest rates of correctional supervision among all nations in the world, reflecting the disproportionate incarceration of racial minorities and economically disadvantaged groups. Scholars have emphasized the role of structural factors and governmental policies in long-term shifts in crime and incarceration. However, much of the psychological research on crime and antisocial behaviors has not deeply considered this broader context, focusing mostly on individual and proximal environmental risk factors. This article presents a novel synthesis of large cross-disciplinary literatures that have not been previously integrated. After a brief summary of dominant themes in psychological research on the topic, we review the strong evidence, primarily from fields outside of psychology, for structural forces that explain pathways into criminal justice involvement, independent of individual-level explanations. A broader ecological framework is outlined to help unconfound individual and structural influences, with the hope of motivating policy change that is evidence-based and equitable.

Keyword(s): antisocial behavior, crime, ecological systems, pathways, structural disadvantage, systemic bias
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2025-05-07
2025-06-17
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-024754
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Pathways to Crime and Antisocial Behavior: A Critical Analysis of Psychological Research and a Call for Broader Ecological Perspectives
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 21, 439 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-024754
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-024754
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-024754
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