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Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics

Volume 16, 2025

Experimental Insights into Quantum Spin Ice Physics in Dipole–Octupole Pyrochlore Magnets

Abstract

<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"><p>We review a key subset of the experimental studies that have recently focused on cubic pyrochlore magnets whose pseudospin-1/2 degrees of freedom have mixed dipolar and octupolar character. We discuss how this comes about and how the character of the pseudospin-1/2 can be experimentally determined. The minimal spin Hamiltonian for such magnetic insulators is known to give rise to a rich phase diagram with both disordered U(1) quantum spin ice (QSI) states and all-in–all-out (AIAO) noncollinear ordered states, each with dipolar and octupolar character. We focus primarily on experimental studies on two such single crystal systems, the <span class="capture-id"><img xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/" src="/docserver/fulltext/conmatphys/16/1/eq-015101-001_thmb.png"></img></span> = 5/2 Ce<span class="jp-sub">2</span>Zr<span class="jp-sub">2</span>O<span class="jp-sub">7</span> and the <span class="capture-id"><img xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/" src="/docserver/fulltext/conmatphys/16/1/eq-015101-002_thmb.png"></img></span> = 9/2 Nd<span class="jp-sub">2</span>Zr<span class="jp-sub">2</span>O<span class="jp-sub">7</span>. We make the case that Ce<span class="jp-sub">2</span>Zr<span class="jp-sub">2</span>O<span class="jp-sub">7</span> is an excellent QSI ground-state candidate material, close to the border between QSIs with dipolar and octupolar symmetry. Nd<span class="jp-sub">2</span>Zr<span class="jp-sub">2</span>O<span class="jp-sub">7</span> exhibits an AIAO ordered phase, featuring an order parameter consisting of dipolar and octupolar magnetic moments. It is found to reside close to a QSI phase boundary and features dynamic fragmentation in its excitation spectrum.</p> </xhtml:span>^^http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral

Keyword(s): dipole–octupole pseudospins, geometric frustration, neutron scattering, pyrochlores, quantum spin liquid, spin ice
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2025-03-10
2025-04-24
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-041124-015101
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Experimental Insights into Quantum Spin Ice Physics in Dipole–Octupole Pyrochlore Magnets
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 16, 387 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-041124-015101
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-041124-015101
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-041124-015101
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