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Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics

Volume 16, 2025

Transverse Quantum Superfluids

  • Anatoly Kuklov1, Lode Pollet2,3, Nikolay Prokof'ev4 and Boris Svistunov4
  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, The College of Staten Island, and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; email: [email protected] 2Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; email: [email protected] 3Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany 4Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; email: [email protected], [email protected]
  • Vol. 16:209-228 (Volume publication date March 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on November 13, 2024
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Even when ideal solids are insulating, their states with crystallographic defects may have superfluid properties. It became clear recently that edge dislocations in 4He featuring a combination of microscopic quantum roughness and superfluidity of their cores may represent a new paradigmatic class of quasi-one-dimensional superfluids. The new state of matter, termed transverse quantum fluid (TQF), is found in a variety of physical setups. The key ingredient defining the class of TQF systems is infinite compressibility, which is responsible for all other unusual properties such as the quadratic spectrum of normal modes (or even the absence of sharp quasiparticles), irrelevance of the Landau criterion, off-diagonal long-range order at = 0, and the exponential dependence of the phase slip probability on the inverse flow velocity. From a conceptual point of view, the TQF state is a striking demonstration of the conditional character of many dogmas associated with superfluidity, including the necessity of elementary excitations, in general, and the ones obeying the Landau criterion in particular.

Keyword(s): quantum plasticity, quantum roughness, superclimb, supersolidity, syringe effect, transverse quantum fluid
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2025-03-10
2025-06-16
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Transverse Quantum Superfluids
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 16, 209 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-042924-103908
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-042924-103908
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-042924-103908
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