1932

Abstract

Adolescent suicide is a critical and prevalent issue yet is rarely studied by developmental psychologists. We assert that developmentalists’ lack of engagement has stymied progress on adolescent suicide research and practice, and we demonstrate how developmental perspectives can contribute to the next decade of research and practice in suicidology. Specifically, we () review theories in suicidology (that are largely a-developmental); () discuss how developmental phenomena may explain findings regarding the epidemiology of adolescent suicide; () review the evidence on the etiology of adolescent suicide, where efforts to identify risk factors have not led to strong predictions, highlighting underutilized approaches from the developmental risk and resilience literature; and () review strategies and developmental gaps across the suicide prevention continuum from primary prevention to postvention, recommending an adolescent developmental perspective on the development and study of school- and community-based suicide prevention and postvention. In doing so, we propose a new subfield of Developmentally Informed Suicidology.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-094742
2024-12-09
2025-04-18
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/devpsych/6/1/annurev-devpsych-010923-094742.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-094742&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Am. Acad. Pediatr., Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, Child. Hosp. Assoc. 2021.. AAP-AACAP-CHA declaration of a national emergency in child and adolescent mental health. . American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.aap.org/en/advocacy/child-and-adolescent-healthy-mental-development/aap-aacap-cha-declaration-of-a-national-emergency-in-child-and-adolescent-mental-health/
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Am. Acad. Pediatr. 2024.. Suicide: blueprint for youth suicide prevention. . American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/blueprint-for-youth-suicide-prevention/
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Abrutyn S, Mueller AS. 2014.. Are suicidal behaviors contagious in adolescence? Using longitudinal data to examine suicide suggestion. . Am. Sociol. Rev. 79:(2):21127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122413519445
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  4. Alvarez K, Polanco-Roman L, Samuel Breslow A, Molock S. 2022.. Structural racism and suicide prevention for ethnoracially minoritized youth: a conceptual framework and illustration across systems. . Am. J. Psychiatry 179:(6):42233. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.21101001
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  5. Andriessen K, Draper B, Dudley M, Mitchell PB. 2016.. Pre- and postloss features of adolescent suicide bereavement: a systematic review. . Death Stud. 40:(4):22946. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2015.1128497
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  6. Angelakis I, Austin JL, Gooding P. 2020.. Association of childhood maltreatment with suicide behaviors among young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . JAMA Netw. Open 3:(8):e2012563. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12563
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  7. Arango A, Brent D, Grupp-Phelan J, Barney BJ, Spirito A, et al. 2024.. Social connectedness and adolescent suicide risk. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 65:(6):78597. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13908
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  8. Asarnow JR, Hughes JL, Babeva KN, Sugar CA. 2017.. Cognitive-behavioral family treatment for suicide attempt prevention: a randomized controlled trial. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 56:(6):50614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.015
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  9. Baumeister RF. 1990.. Suicide as escape from self. . Psychol. Rev. 97:(1):90113. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.90
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  10. Beck AT. 1963.. Thinking and depression: I. Idiosyncratic content and cognitive distortions. . Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 9:(4):32433. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1963.01720160014002
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  11. Beck AT. 1967.. Depression. New York:: Harper & Row
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Beck AT. 1986.. Hopelessness as a predictor of eventual suicide. . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 487:(1):9096. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27888.x
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  13. Benner AD, Graham S. 2013.. The antecedents and consequences of racial/ethnic discrimination during adolescence: Does the source of discrimination matter?. Dev. Psychol. 49:(8):160213. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030557
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  14. Benny C, Smith BT, Hyshka E, Senthilselvan A, Veugelers PJ, Pabayo R. 2023.. Investigating the association between income inequality in youth and deaths of despair in Canada: a population-based cohort study from 2006 to 2019. . J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 77:(1):2633. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2022-219630
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  15. Bentley KH, Millner AJ, Bear A, Follet L, Fortgang RG, et al. 2024.. Intervening on high-risk responses during ecological momentary assessment of suicidal thoughts: Is there an effect on study data?. Psychol. Assess. 36:(1):6680. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001288
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  16. Benzekri A, Morris-Perez P. 2024.. How do adolescents consider life and death?: A Cognition-to-Action framework for suicide prevention. . Dev. Psychopathol. In press
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Berman SL, Weems CF, Stickle TR. 2006.. Existential anxiety in adolescents: prevalence, structure, association with psychological symptoms and identity development. . J. Youth Adolesc. 35:(3):28592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9032-y
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  18. Boyce WT, Ellis BJ. 2005.. Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary-developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity. . Dev. Psychopathol. 17:(2):271301. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050145
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  19. Bradley M. 2019.. The Long History of Criminalising Suicide. Cambridge, UK:: Cambridge Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Braudt DB, Lawrence EM, Tilstra AM, Rogers RG, Hummer RA. 2019.. Family socioeconomic status and early life mortality risk in the United States. . Matern. Child Health J. 23:(10):138291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02799-0
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  21. Brent DA, Melhem NM, Masten AS, Porta G, Payne MW. 2012.. Longitudinal effects of parental bereavement on adolescent developmental competence. . J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 41:(6):77891. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.717871
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  22. Bridge JA, Horowitz LM, Fontanella CA, Sheftall AH, Greenhouse J, et al. 2018.. Age-related racial disparity in suicide rates among US youths from 2001 through 2015. . JAMA Pediatr. 172:(7):69799. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0399
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  23. Bronfenbrenner U, Morris PA. 2006.. The Bioecological Model of Human Development. . In Handbook of Child Psychology: Theoretical Models of Human Development, ed. RM Lerner, W Damon , pp. 793828. Hoboken, NJ:: John Wiley & Sons. , 6th ed..
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Brooks-Gunn J, Duncan GJ. 1997.. The effects of poverty on children. . Future Child. 7:(2):5571. https://doi.org/10.2307/1602387
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  25. Busby DR, Hatkevich C, McGuire TC, King CA. 2020.. Evidence-based interventions for youth suicide risk. . Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 22:(2): 5:. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-1129-6
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  26. Calderaro M, Baethge C, Bermpohl F, Gutwinski S, Schouler-Ocak M, Henssler J. 2022.. Offspring's risk for suicidal behaviour in relation to parental death by suicide: systematic review and meta-analysis and a model for familial transmission of suicide. . Br. J. Psychiatry 220:(3):12129. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2021.158
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  27. Castellví P, Lucas-Romero E, Miranda-Mendizábal A, Parés-Badell O, Almenara J, et al. 2017.. Longitudinal association between self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. . J. Affect. Disord. 215::3748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.035
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  28. Catani C, Jacob N, Schauer E, Kohila M, Neuner F. 2008.. Family violence, war, and natural disasters: a study of the effect of extreme stress on children's mental health in Sri Lanka. . BMC Psychiatry 8:(1):33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-33
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  29. CDC (Cent. Dis. Control Prev.). 2023a.. Fatal injury reports. Web-Based Inj. Stat. Query Rep. Syst., CDC, Atlanta:. https://wisqars.cdc.gov/
    [Google Scholar]
  30. CDC (Cent. Dis. Control Prev.). 2023b.. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/index.htm
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Cha CB, Franz PJ, Guzmán EM, Glenn CR, Kleiman EM, Nock MK. 2018.. Annual research review: suicide among youth – epidemiology, (potential) etiology, and treatment. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 59:(4):46082. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12831
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  32. Chen PJ, Mackes N, Sacchi C, Lawrence AJ, Ma X, et al. 2022.. Parental education and youth suicidal behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 31::e19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S204579602200004X
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  33. Cialdini RB, Reno RR, Kallgren CA. 1990.. A focus theory of normative conduct: recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. . J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 58:(6):101526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  34. Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA. 1996.. Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. . Dev. Psychopathol. 8:(4):597600. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400007318
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  35. Cipriano C, Strambler MJ, Naples LH, Ha C, Kirk M, et al. 2023.. The state of evidence for social and emotional learning: a contemporary meta-analysis of universal school-based SEL interventions. . Child Dev. 94:(5):1181204. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13968
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  36. Cusack CM. 2018.. Self-murder, sin, and crime: religion and suicide in the middle ages. . J. Relig. Violence 6:(2):20624. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018103055
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  37. de Arellano MAR, Lyman DR, Jobe-Shields L, George P, Dougherty RH, et al. 2014.. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for children and adolescents: assessing the evidence. . Psychiatr. Serv. 65:(5):591602. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300255
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  38. DeCou CR, Schumann ME. 2018.. On the iatrogenic risk of assessing suicidality: a meta-analysis. . Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. 48:(5):53143. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12368
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  39. Diamond G, Kodish T, Ewing ESK, Hunt QA, Russon JM. 2022.. Family processes: risk, protective and treatment factors for youth at risk for suicide. . Aggress. Violent Behav. 64::101586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101586
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  40. Dilillo D, Mauri S, Mantegazza C, Fabiano V, Mameli C, Zuccotti GV. 2015.. Suicide in pediatrics: epidemiology, risk factors, warning signs and the role of the pediatrician in detecting them. . Ital. J. Pediatrics 41:(1):49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-015-0153-3
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  41. Do KT, Guassi Moreira JF, Telzer EH. 2017.. But is helping you worth the risk? Defining Prosocial Risk Taking in adolescence. . Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 25::26071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2016.11.008
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  42. Duell N, Steinberg L. 2019.. Positive risk taking in adolescence. . Child Dev. Perspect. 13:(1):4852. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12310
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  43. Duell N, Steinberg L. 2021.. Adolescents take positive risks, too. . Dev. Rev. 62::100984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2021.100984
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  44. Duncan GJ, Yeung WJ, Brooks-Gunn J, Smith JR. 1998.. How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children?. Am. Sociol. Rev. 63:(3):406. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657556
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  45. Durkheim E. 2002.. Suicide: A Study in Sociology. Hoboken, NJ:: Taylor & Francis. , 2nd ed..
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Durlak JA, Weissberg RP, Dymnicki AB, Taylor RD, Schellinger KB. 2011.. The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: a meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. . Child Dev. 82:(1):40532. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  47. Eccles JS, Roeser RW. 2011.. Schools as developmental contexts during adolescence. . J. Res. Adolesc. 21:(1):225241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00725.x
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  48. Erikson EH. 1968.. Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York:: Norton & Co.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Ernst M. 2014.. The triadic model perspective for the study of adolescent motivated behavior. . Brain Cogn. 89::10411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2014.01.006
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  50. Evans GW, Li D, Whipple SS. 2013.. Cumulative risk and child development. . Psychol. Bull. 139:(6):134296. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031808
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  51. Farrell CT, Moledina Z, Katta M. 2019.. Suicidal thoughts in low-income adolescents: a longitudinal analysis. . Int. J. Public Health 64:(2):28592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01201-8
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  52. Fox KR, Huang X, Guzmán EM, Funsch KM, Cha CB, et al. 2020.. Interventions for suicide and self-injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials across nearly 50 years of research. . Psychol. Bull. 146:(12):111745. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000305
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  53. Franklin JC, Ribeiro JD, Fox KR, Bentley KH, Kleiman EM, et al. 2017.. Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a meta-analysis of 50 years of research. . Psychol. Bull. 143:(2):187232. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000084
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  54. Freud S. 1964.. New introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. . In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud Vol. 22, ed. J Strachey , pp. 1182. London:: Hogarth Press
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Geoffroy MC, Boivin M, Arseneault L, Turecki G, Vitaro F, et al. 2016.. Associations between peer victimization and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt during adolescence: results from a prospective population-based birth cohort. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 55:(2):99105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.010
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  56. Ghirardelli A, Bye L. 2016.. California Mental Health Services Authority Directing Change film contest and program evaluation. Rep. , NORC Univ. Chicago
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Gili M, Castellví P, Vives M, de la Torre-Luque A, Almenara J, et al. 2019.. Mental disorders as risk factors for suicidal behavior in young people: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies. . J. Affect. Disord. 245::15262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.115
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  58. Godoy Garraza L, Kuiper N, Goldston D, McKeon R, Walrath C. 2019.. Long-term impact of the Garrett Lee Smith Youth Suicide Prevention Program on youth suicide mortality, 2006–2015. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 60:(10):114247. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13058
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  59. Godoy Garraza L, Walrath C, Goldston DB, Reid H, McKeon R. 2015.. Effect of the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Suicide Prevention Program on suicide attempts among youths. . JAMA Psychiatry 72:(11):114349. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1933
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  60. Gould MS, Greenberg T, Velting DM, Shaffer D. 2003.. Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: a review of the past 10 years. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 42:(4):386405. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000046821.95464.CF
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  61. Gould MS, Marrocco FA, Kleinman M, Thomas JG, Mostkoff K, et al. 2005.. Evaluating iatrogenic risk of youth suicide screening programs a randomized controlled trial. . JAMA 293:(13):163543. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.13.1635
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  62. Greenberg MT, Abenavoli R. 2017.. Universal interventions: fully exploring their impacts and potential to produce population-level impacts. . J. Res. Educ. Eff. 10:(1):4067. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1246632
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Gulbas LE, Pavelka C, Hausmann-Stabile C, Zayas LH. 2024.. Rethinking comorbidity: a case study of syndemic risk, eating disorders, and suicidal behaviors in adolescent girls of color. . Qual. Soc. Work. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250231225170
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Gutierrez P, King CA, Ghaziuddin N. 1996.. Adolescent attitudes about death in relation to suicidality. . Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. 26:(1):818. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00252.x
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  65. Hansen B, Lang M. 2011.. Back to school blues: seasonality of youth suicide and the academic calendar. . Econ. Educ. Rev. 30:(5):85061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.04.012
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  66. Haroz EE, Goklish N, Walsh CG, Cwik M, O'Keefe VM, et al. 2023.. Evaluation of the risk identification for suicide and enhanced care model in a Native American community. . JAMA Psychiatry 80:(7):675. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.5068
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  67. Harris TL, Molock SD. 2000.. Cultural orientation, family cohesion, and family support in suicide ideation and depression among African American college students. . Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. 30:(4):34153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2000.tb01100.x
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  68. Hatzenbuehler ML, Pachankis JE. 2016.. Stigma and minority stress as social determinants of health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. . Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 63:(6):98597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2016.07.003
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  69. Ho TC, Gifuni AJ, Gotlib IH. 2022.. Psychobiological risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence: a consideration of the role of puberty. . Mol. Psychiatry 27:(1):60623. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01171-5
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  70. Hunter RF, de la Haye K, Murray JM, Badham J, Valente TW, et al. 2019.. Social network interventions for health behaviours and outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . PLOS Med. 16:(9):e1002890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002890
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  71. Itzhaky L, Davaasambuu S, Ellis SP, Cisneros-Trujillo S, Hannett K, et al. 2022.. Twenty-six years of psychosocial interventions to reduce suicide risk in adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. . J. Affect. Disord. 300::51131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.094
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  72. Johns MM, Lowry R, Andrzejewski J, Barrios LC, Demissie Z, et al. 2019.. Transgender identity and experiences of violence victimization, substance use, suicide risk, and sexual risk behaviors among high school students — 19 states and large urban school districts. , 2017.. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 68:(3):6771. http://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6803a3
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  73. Johns MM, Lowry R, Rasberry CN, Dunville R, Robin L, et al. 2018.. Violence victimization, substance use, and suicide risk among sexual minority high school students — United States, 2015–2017. . Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 67:(43):121115. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6743a4
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  74. Joiner TE. 2005.. Why People Die by Suicide. Cambridge, MA:: Harvard Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Kallgren CA, Reno RR, Cialdini RB. 2000.. A focus theory of normative conduct: when norms do and do not affect behavior. . Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 26:(8):100212. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672002610009
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  76. Kellam SG, Mackenzie ACL, Brown CH, Poduska JM, Wang W, et al. 2011.. The good behavior game and the future of prevention and treatment. . Addict. Sci. Clin. Pract. 6:(1):7384
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Kilpatrick M, Hutchinson A, Manias E, Bouchoucha SL. 2023.. Applying terror management theory as a framework to understand the impact of heightened mortality salience on children, adolescents, and their parents: a systematic review. . Death Stud. 47:(7):81426. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2022.2132550
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  78. King CA, Gipson Allen PY, Ahamed SI, Webb M, Casper TC, et al. 2023.. 24-Hour warning signs for adolescent suicide attempts. . Psychol. Med. 54:(7):127283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723003112
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  79. King CA, Klaus N, Kramer A, Venkataraman S, Quinlan P, Gillespie B. 2009.. The Youth-Nominated Support Team-Version II for suicidal adolescents: a randomized controlled intervention trial. . J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 77:(5):88093. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016552
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  80. Klimes-Dougan B, Klingbeil DA, Meller SJ. 2013.. The impact of universal suicide-prevention programs on the help-seeking attitudes and behaviors of youths. . Crisis 34:(2):8297. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000178
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  81. Klonsky ED, May AM. 2015.. The Three-Step Theory (3ST): a new theory of suicide rooted in the “ideation-to-action” framework. . Int. J. Cogn. Ther. 8:(2):11429. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  82. Kuhn D. 2000.. Metacognitive development. . Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 9:(5):17881. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00088
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  83. LaFromboise TD, Lewis HA. 2008.. The Zuni Life Skills Development Program: a school/community-based suicide prevention intervention. . Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. 38:(3):34353. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.3.343
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  84. Lapinski MK, Rimal RN. 2005.. An explication of social norms. . Commun. Theory 15:(2):12747. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  85. Lawrence HR, Nesi J, Burke TA, Liu RT, Spirito A, et al. 2021.. Suicidal mental imagery in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. . Res. Child Adolesc. Psychopathol. 49:(3):39399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00750-4
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  86. Lindsey MA, Sheftall AH, Xiao Y, Joe S. 2019.. Trends of suicidal behaviors among high school students in the United States: 1991–2017. . Pediatrics 144:(5):e20191187. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1187
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  87. Linehan MM. 2018.. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York:: Guilford
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Luthar SS, Cicchetti D. 2000.. The construct of resilience: implications for interventions and social policies. . Dev. Psychopathol. 12:(4):857885. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400004156
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  89. Marcia JE. 1966.. Development and validation of ego-identity status. . J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 3:(5):55158. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0023281
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  90. Marraccini ME, Griffin D, O'Neill JC, Martinez RR Jr., Chin AJ, et al. 2022.. School risk and protective factors of suicide: a cultural model of suicide risk and protective factors in schools. . Sch. Psychol. Rev. 51:(3):26689. https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2020.1871305
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  91. Marraccini ME, Brier ZMF. 2017.. School connectedness and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a systematic meta-analysis. . Sch. Psychol. Q. 32:(1):521. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000192
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  92. Marshall DS, Moutier C, Rosenblum LB, Miara C, Posner M. 2018.. After a Suicide: A Toolkit for Schools. Waltham, MA:: Educ. Dev. Cent. , 2nd ed..
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Masten AS. 2001.. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. . Am. Psycholog. 56:(3):22738. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  94. Masten AS. 2014.. Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. . Child Dev. 85:(1):620. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12205
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  95. Mayr E. 1964.. The evolution of living systems. . PNAS 51::93441. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.51.5.934
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  96. McCauley E, Berk MS, Asarnow JR, Adrian M, Cohen J, et al. 2018.. Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents at high risk for suicide: a randomized clinical trial. . JAMA Psychiatry 75:(8):777. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1109
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  97. Miller AB, Prinstein MJ. 2019.. Adolescent suicide as a failure of acute stress-response systems. . Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 15::42550. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095625
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  98. Miller DN, Eckert TL, Mazza JJ. 2009.. Suicide prevention programs in the schools: a review and public health perspective. . Sch. Psychol. Rev. 38:(2):16888. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2009.12087830
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  99. Mims L, Burnett M, Martin R, Leath S, Harris-Thomas B. 2024.. “ Black Girl Magic is everything”: recommendations for cultivating supportive spaces for Black girls. . Theory Into Pract. 63:(1):6876. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2023.2287721
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  100. Miranda R, Jeglic EL, eds. 2021.. Handbook of Youth Suicide Prevention: Integrating Research into Practice. Cham, Switz:.: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82465-5
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Miranda R, Ortin-Peralta A, Macrynikola N, Nahum C, Mañanà J, et al. 2023.. Content and process of adolescent suicide ideation: implications for risk assessment. . Res. Child Adolesc. Psychopathol. 51:(11):165768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01092-7
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  102. Morris P. 2021.. I don't want another family to lose a child the way we did. . New York Times, Mar. 25. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/25/opinion/suicide-prevention.html
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Morris-Perez P, Abenavoli R, Benzekri A, Rosenbach-Jordan S, Boccieri GR. 2023.. Preventing adolescent suicide: recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, program developers, and researchers. . Soc. Policy Rep. 36:(2–3):132. https://doi.org/10.1002/sop2.30
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  104. Mueller AS, Abrutyn S, Pescosolido B, Diefendorf S. 2021.. The social roots of suicide: theorizing how the external social world matters to suicide and suicide prevention. . Front. Psychol. 12::621569. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621569
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  105. Moses T. 2018.. Suicide attempts among adolescents with self-reported disabilities. . Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 49::42033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0761-9
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Mueller AS, Abrutyn S. 2016.. Adolescents under pressure: a new Durkheimian framework for understanding adolescent suicide in a cohesive community. . Am. Sociol. Rev. 81:(5):87799. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416663464
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  107. Nelson EE, Leibenluft E, McClure EB, Pine DS. 2005.. The social re-orientation of adolescence: a neuroscience perspective on the process and its relation to psychopathology. . Psychol. Med. 35:(2):16374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704003915
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  108. Neuringer C. 1964.. Rigid thinking in suicidal individuals. . J. Consult. Psychol. 28:(1):5458. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045809
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  109. Niederkrotenthaler T, Till B, Kapusta ND, Voracek M, Dervic K, Sonneck G. 2009.. Copycat effects after media reports on suicide: a population-based ecologic study. . Soc. Sci. Med. 69:(7):108590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.041
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  110. Nishina A, Witkow MR. 2020.. Why developmental researchers should care about biracial, multiracial, and multiethnic youth. . Child Dev. Perspect. 14:(1):2127. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12350
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  111. Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Cha CB, Kessler RC, Lee S. 2008.. Suicide and suicidal behavior. . Epidemiol. Rev. 30:(1):13354. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxn002
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  112. Noyola N, Sánchez M, Cardemil EV. 2020.. Minority stress and coping among sexual diverse Latinxs. . J. Latinx Psychol. 8:(1):5882. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000143
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  113. O'Connor RC. 2011.. The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behavior. . Crisis 32:(6):29598. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000120
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  114. Off. Surg. Gen. 2021.. Protecting youth mental health: the Surgeon General's advisory. Rep. , US Dep. Health Hum. Serv., Washington, DC:. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-youth-mental-health-advisory.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Oppenheimer CW, Glenn CR, Miller AB. 2022.. Future directions in suicide and self-injury revisited: integrating a developmental psychopathology perspective. . J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 51:(2):24260. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2022.2051526
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  116. Orengo-Aguayo R, Stewart RW, de Arellano MA, Suárez-Kindy JL, Young J. 2019.. Disaster exposure and mental health among Puerto Rican youths after Hurricane Maria. . JAMA Netw. Open 2:(4):e192619. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2619
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  117. Ortin-Peralta A, Sheftall AH, Osborn A, Miranda R. 2023.. Severity and transition of suicidal behaviors in childhood: sex, racial, and ethnic differences in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. . J. Adolesc. Health 73:(4):72430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.05.026
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  118. Osofsky JD. 2004.. Young Children and Trauma: Intervention and Treatment. New York:: Guilford
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Phinney JS. 1990.. Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: review of research. . Psychol. Bull. 108:(3):499514
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  120. Piaget J. 1936.. Origins of Intelligence in the Child. London:: Routledge & Kegan Paul
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Prentice D, Paluck EL. 2020.. Engineering social change using social norms: lessons from the study of collective action. . Curr. Opin. Psychol. 35::13842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.06.012
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  122. Randall JR, Nickel NC, Colman I. 2015.. Contagion from peer suicidal behavior in a representative sample of American adolescents. . J. Affect. Disord. 186::21925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.001
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  123. Reason J. 2000.. Human error: models and management. . BMJ 320:(7237):76870. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7237.768
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  124. Renaud S, Engarhos P, Schleifer M, Talwar V. 2015.. Children's earliest experiences with death: circumstances, conversations, explanations, and parental satisfaction. . Infant Child Dev. 24:(2):15774. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.1889
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  125. Roberts RE, Roberts CR, Xing Y. 2010.. One-year incidence of suicide attempts and associated risk and protective factors among adolescents. . Arch. Suicide Res. 14:(1):6678. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811110903479078
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  126. Romanelli M, Sheftall AH, Irsheid SB, Lindsey MA, Grogan TM. 2022.. Factors associated with distinct patterns of suicidal thoughts, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among US adolescents. . Prevention Sci. . 23:7384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01295-8
  127. Rose G. 1992.. The Strategy of Preventive Medicine. Oxford, UK:: Oxford Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Rowhani-Rahbar A, Simonetti JA, Rivara FP. 2016.. Effectiveness of interventions to promote safe firearm storage. . Epidemiol. Rev. 38:(1):11124. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxv006
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Rudd MD. 2006.. Fluid vulnerability theory: a cognitive approach to understanding the process of acute and chronic suicide risk. . In Cognition and Suicide: Theory, Research, and Therapy, ed. TE Ellis , pp. 35568. Washington, DC:: Am. Psychol. Assoc. https://doi.org/10.1037/11377-016
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Russell ST, Fish JN. 2016.. Mental health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. . Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 12::46587. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093153
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  131. Saarni C. 1990.. Emotional competence: how emotions and relationships become integrated. . In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1988: Socioemotional Development, ed. RA Thompson , pp. 11582. Lincoln, NE:: Univ. Neb. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  132. SAMHSA (Subst. Abus. Ment. Health Serv. Adm.). 2020.. Substance abuse and mental health treatment for suicidal ideation, self-harm, and suicide attempts among youth. Rep. PEP20-06-01-002 , Natl. Ment. Health Subst. Use Policy Lab., SAMHSA, Rockville, MD:
    [Google Scholar]
  133. SAMHSA (Subst. Abus. Ment. Health Serv. Adm.). 2023.. Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. US Health Hum. Serv. Rep. PEP22-07-01-005 , Cent. Behav. Health Stat. Qual., SAMHSA, Rockville, MD:. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-nsduh-annual-national-report
    [Google Scholar]
  134. Sandler I, Gunn H, Mazza G, Tein J-Y, Wolchik S, Kim H, et al. 2018.. Three perspectives on mental health problems of young adults and their parents at a 15-year follow-up of the family bereavement program. . J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 86:(10):84555. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000327
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  135. Schilling EA, Aseltine RH, James A. 2016.. The SOS suicide prevention program: further evidence of efficacy and effectiveness. . Prev. Sci. 17:(2):15766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0594-3
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  136. Sedano-Capdevila A, Porras-Segovia A, Bello HJ, Baca-García E, Barrigon ML. 2021.. Use of ecological momentary assessment to study suicidal thoughts and behavior: a systematic review. . Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 23:(7):41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-021-01255-7
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  137. Shneidman ES. 1993.. Suicide as Psychache: A Clinical Approach to Self-Destructive Behavior. Northvale, NJ:: Jason Aronson
    [Google Scholar]
  138. Singer JB, Erbacher TA, Rosen P. 2019.. School-based suicide prevention: a framework for evidence-based practice. . Sch. Ment. Health 11:(1):5471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-018-9245-8
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  139. Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, et al. 2022.. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. . Mol. Psychiatry 27:(1):28195. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01161-7
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  140. Stanley B, Brown G, Brent DA, Wells K, Poling K, et al. 2009.. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP): treatment model, feasibility, and acceptability. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 48:(10):100513. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbfe
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  141. Stanley B, Brown GK. 2012.. Safety planning intervention: a brief intervention to mitigate suicide risk. . Cogn. Behav. Pract. 19:(2):25664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.01.001
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  142. Steinberg L. 2015.. The neural underpinnings of adolescent risk-taking: the roles of reward-seeking, impulse control, and peers. . In Self-Regulation in Adolescence, ed. G Oettingen, PM Gollwitzer , pp. 17392. Cambridge, UK:: Cambridge Univ. Press. , 1st ed.. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139565790.009
    [Google Scholar]
  143. Steinberg L, Monahan KC. 2007.. Age differences in resistance to peer influence. . Dev. Psychol. 43:(6):153143. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1531
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  144. Steinberg L, Morris AS. 2001.. Adolescent development. . Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52::83110. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  145. Telzer EH. 2016.. Dopaminergic reward sensitivity can promote adolescent health: a new perspective on the mechanism of ventral striatum activation. . Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 17::5767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.010
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  146. Telzer EH, Van Hoorn J, Rogers CR, Do KT. 2018.. Social influence on positive youth development: a developmental neuroscience perspective. . Adv. Child Dev. Behav. 54::21558. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2017.10.003
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  147. Toth SL, Manly JT. 2019.. Developmental consequences of child abuse and neglect: implications for intervention. . Child Dev. Perspect. 13:(1):5964. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12317
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  148. Valente TW. 2012.. Network interventions. . Science 337:(6090):4953. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1217330
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  149. Van Orden KA, Witte TK, Cukrowicz KC, Braithwaite SR, Selby EA, Joiner TE. 2010.. The interpersonal theory of suicide. . Psychol. Rev. 117:(2):575600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  150. Von Bertalanffy L. 1968.. General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. New York:: George Braziller
    [Google Scholar]
  151. Wadsworth T, Kubrin CE, Herting JR. 2014.. Investigating the rise (and fall) of young Black male suicide in the United States, 1982–2001. . J. Afr. Am. Stud. 18:(1):7291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-013-9256-3
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  152. Walrath C, Garraza LG, Reid H, Goldston DB, McKeon R. 2015.. Impact of the Garrett Lee Smith Youth Suicide Prevention Program on suicide mortality. . Am. J. Public Health 105:(5):986993. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302496
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  153. Wasserman D, Hoven CW, Wasserman C, Wall M, Eisenberg R, et al. 2015.. School-based suicide prevention programmes: the SEYLE cluster-randomised, controlled trial. . Lancet 385:(9977):153644. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61213-7
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  154. Weisz JR, Sandler IN, Durlak JA, Anton BS. 2005.. Promoting and protecting youth mental health through evidence-based prevention and treatment. . Am. Psychol. 60:(6):62848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.628
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  155. Wenzel A, Beck AT. 2008.. A cognitive model of suicidal behavior: theory and treatment. . Appl. Prev. Psychol. 12:(4):189201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2008.05.001
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  156. West AL, Zhang R, Yampolsky M, Sasaki JY. 2017.. More than the sum of its parts: a transformative theory of biculturalism. . J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 48:(7):96390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117709533
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  157. Wexler LM, DiFluvio G, Burke TK. 2009.. Resilience and marginalized youth: making a case for personal and collective meaning-making as part of resilience research in public health. . Soc. Sci. Med. 69:(4):56570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.06.022
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  158. Whitlock J, Wyman PA, Moore SR. 2014.. Connectedness and suicide prevention in adolescents: pathways and implications. . Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. 44:(3):24672. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12071
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  159. Wilcox HC, Kellam SG, Brown CH, Poduska JM, Ialongo NS, et al. 2008.. The impact of two universal randomized first- and second-grade classroom interventions on young adult suicide ideation and attempts. . Drug Alcohol Depend. 95::S6073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.005
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  160. Williams DY, Wexler L, Mueller AS. 2022.. Suicide postvention in schools: What evidence supports our current national recommendations?. Sch. Soc. Work J. 46:(2):2369
    [Google Scholar]
  161. Williams M. 2001.. Suicide and Attempted Suicide: Understanding the Cry of Pain. London:: Penguin. , 2nd ed..
    [Google Scholar]
  162. Witt KG, Hetrick SE, Rajaram G, Hazell P, Taylor Salisbury TL, et al. 2021.. Interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents. . Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2021:(3):CD013667. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013667.pub2
    [Google Scholar]
  163. Wyman PA. 2014.. Developmental approach to prevent adolescent suicides. . Am. J. Prev. Med. 47:(3):S25156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.039
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  164. Wyman PA, Brown CH, Inman J, Cross W, Schmeelk-Cone K, et al. 2008.. Randomized trial of a gatekeeper program for suicide prevention: 1-year impact on secondary school staff. . J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 76:(1):10415. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.104
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  165. Wyman PA, Brown CH, LoMurray M, Schmeelk-Cone K, Petrova M, et al. 2010.. An outcome evaluation of the Sources of Strength suicide prevention program delivered by adolescent peer leaders in high schools. . Am. J. Public Health 100:(9):165361. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.190025
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-094742
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-094742
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error