1932

Abstract

In this review, we provide a conceptual and empirical overview of youth-led participatory action research (YPAR) across disciplines. We consider the historical and conceptual contexts for the diversity of YPAR approaches and () the rationales underlying the rapid growth of YPAR in practice and research; () the relevance of YPAR for the study and promotion of healthy and equitable human development; () the state of the empirical evidence for YPAR impact on youth and environments, especially domains of social-emotional well-being and sociopolitical development; () challenges and opportunities at the intersection of YPAR and developmental science; and () important next steps for the field, including the further development of multimethod research and the need for stronger research and practice to support the capacities needed for YPAR integrity, impact, and sustainability.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-100158
2024-12-09
2025-06-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/devpsych/6/1/annurev-devpsych-010923-100158.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-100158&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Abraczinskas M, Adams BL, Vines E, Cobb S, Latson Z, Wimbish M. 2022a.. Making the implicit explicit: an illustration of YPAR implementation and lessons learned in partnership with young adults who have experienced family member incarceration. . J. Particip. Res. Methods 3:(3). https://doi.org/10.35844/001c.38762
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  2. Abraczinskas M, Kennedy H, Vines E, Chávez NR. 2023a.. Feasibility of a pilot virtual national young adult wellbeing network: using art to heal. . J. Adolesc. Res. https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584231214541
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Abraczinskas M, Kornbluh M, Golden AR, Glende J, Velez V, et al. 2022b.. Preventing bullying and improving school climate through integrating youth participatory action research into school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports: an illustration using a multiple case study approach. . J. Prev. Health Promot. 3:(2):16694
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  4. Abraczinskas M, Vines E, Walsh J, Orr A, Nash A. 2023b.. Adapting the interactive systems framework for youth participatory action research: bridging the research to action gap. . In Strengthening the Conditions for the Impact of YPAR Evidence in School Settings: Insights from Research-Practice Partnerships in Four States, ed. M Abraczinskas. Symposium presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Community Research and Action, Atlanta, GA:, June 20–24
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Abraczinskas M, Zarrett N. 2020.. Youth participatory action research for health equity: increasing youth empowerment and decreasing physical activity access inequities in under-resourced programs and schools. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 66:(3–4):23243
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  6. Anderson AJ. 2020.. A qualitative systematic review of youth participatory action research implementation in U.S. high schools. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 65:(1–2):24257
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  7. Anyon Y, Bender K, Kennedy H, Dechants J. 2018.. A systematic review of youth participatory action research (YPAR) in the United States: methodologies, youth outcomes, and future directions. . Health Educ. Behav. 45:(6):86578
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  8. Asen R, Gurke D. 2014.. The Research on Education, Deliberation, and Decision-Making (REDD) project. In Using Research Evidence in Education: From the Schoolhouse Door to Capitol Hill, ed. KS Finnigan, AJ Daly , pp. 5368. Cham, Switz:.: Springer Int.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Ballard PJ, Kennedy HK, Collura JJ, Vidrascu E, Torres CG. 2023.. Engaging youth as leaders and partners can improve substance use prevention: a call to action to support youth engagement practice and research. . Subst. Abuse Treat. Prev. Policy 18:(1):71
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ballonoff Suleiman A. 2022.. Leveraging the developmental science of adolescence to promote youth engagement in research and evaluation. Rep. , UCLA Cent. Dev. Adolesc., Univ. Calif., Los Angel:. https://developingadolescent.semel.ucla.edu/assets/uploads/research/resources/YPARGuide_2022_funders.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ballonoff Suleiman A, Ballard PJ, Hoyt LT, Ozer EJ. 2021.. Applying a developmental lens to youth-led participatory action research: a critical examination and integration of existing evidence. . Youth Soc. 53:(1):2653
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  12. Ballonoff Suleiman A, Nash A, Kennedy H, Abraczinskas M, Ozer E. 2024.. Leveraging Best Practices to Design Your Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) Project. Rep. , Annie E. Casey Found., Baltimore, MD:. https://yparhub.berkeley.edu/news/new-ypar-best-practices-design-guide-resource-leveraging-best-practices-design-your-youth
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Barber BL, Eccles JS, Stone MR. 2001.. Whatever happened to the jock, the brain, and the princess? Young adult pathways linked to adolescent activity involvement and social identity. . J. Adolesc. Res. 16:(5):42955
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  14. Bautista MA, Bertrand M, Morrell E, Scorza D, Matthews C. 2013.. Participatory action research and city youth: methodological insights from the Council of Youth Research. . Teach. Coll. Rec. 115:(10):123
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  15. Bender K, Barman-Adhikari A, DeChants J, Haffejee B, Anyon Y, et al. 2017.. Asking for change: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a manualized photovoice intervention with youth experiencing homelessness. . Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 81::37989
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  16. Branje S, de Moor EL, Spitzer J, Becht AI. 2021.. Dynamics of identity development in adolescence: a decade in review. . J. Res. Adolesc. 31:(4):90827
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  17. Brown TM. 2010.. ARISE to the challenge: partnering with urban youth to improve educational research and learning. . Penn. GSE Perspect. Urban Educ. 7:(1):414
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Burrow A, Hill P, Williams JL, Leve L, Dahl R, et al., Natl. Sci. Counc. Adolesc. 2023.. Cultivating purpose in adolescence. Counc. Rep. 3, UCLA Cent . Dec. Adolesc., Univ. Calif., Los Angel:. https://developingadolescent.semel.ucla.edu/assets/uploads/research/resources/CR3_PurposeReport_2023_FINAL.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Cammarota J, Fine M, eds. 2008.. Revolutionizing Education: Youth Participatory Action Research in Motion. New York:: Routledge
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Caraballo L, Lozenski BD, Lyiscott JJ, Morrell E. 2017.. YPAR and critical epistemologies: rethinking education research. . Rev. Res. Educ. 41:(1):31136
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  21. CASEL (Collab. Acad. Soc. Emot. Learn.). 2022.. What is the CASEL framework?. CASEL. https://casel.org/fundamentals-of-sel/what-is-the-casel-framework/
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Cassidy C, Conrad S-J, de Figueiroa-Rego MJ. 2020.. Research with children: a philosophical, rights-based approach. . Int. J. Res. Method Educ. 43:(1):3852
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  23. Checkoway B. 2011.. What is youth participation?. Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 33:(2):34045
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  24. Chen P, Weiss FL, Nicholson HJ, Girls Inc. 2010.. Girls Study Girls Inc.: engaging girls in evaluation through participatory action research. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 46:(1–2):22837
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  25. Cornwall A, Jewkes R. 1995.. What is participatory research?. Soc. Sci. Med. 41:(12):166776
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  26. Dahl RE, Allen NB, Wilbrecht L, Ballonoff Suleiman A. 2018.. Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science perspective. . Nature 554:(7693):44150
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  27. Damon W, Menon J, Bronk KC. 2019.. The development of purpose during adolescence. . In Beyond the Self: Perspectives on Identity and Transcendence Among Youth, ed. JL Furrow, LM Wagener , pp. 11928. New York:: Routledge. 1st ed.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Dewey J. 1912.. Perception and organic action. . J. Philos. Psychol. Sci. Methods 9:(24):64568
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Domínguez AD, Cammarota J. 2022.. The arc of transformation in youth participatory action research: creative expression to creative resistance. . Int. J. Qual. Stud. Educ. 35:(8):80523
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  30. Eccles JS, Midgley C, Wigfield A, Buchanan CM, Reuman D, et al. 1993.. Development during adolescence: the impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents’ experiences in schools and in families. . Am. Psychol. 48:(2):90101
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  31. Eccles JS, Wigfield A. 2002.. Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. . Annu. Rev. Psychol. 53::10932
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  32. Fine M, Torre ME. 2021.. Essentials of Critical Participatory Action Research. Washington, DC:: Am. Psychol. Assoc.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Finesurrey S, De Dios I, Eusebio A, Harvey A, Houck-Loomis V, et al. 2024.. Critical socio-emotional inquiry: a longitudinal oral history project led by middle school students on socio-emotional well-being. . Middle Sch. J. 55:(4):824
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  34. Flores KS. 2008.. Youth Participatory Evaluation: Strategies for Engaging Young People. San Francisco:: Jossey-Bass. 1st ed.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Frasquilho D, Ozer EJ, Ozer EM, Branquinho C, Camacho I, et al. 2018.. Dream Teens: adolescents-led participatory project in Portugal in the context of the economic recession. . Health Promot. Pract. 19:(1):5159
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  36. Freire P. 1970.. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York:: Herder and Herder
    [Google Scholar]
  37. French SE, Seidman E, Allen L, Aber JL. 2006.. The development of ethnic identity during adolescence. . Dev. Psychol. 42:(1):110
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  38. Fuligni AJ. 2019.. The need to contribute during adolescence. . Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 14:(3):33143
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  39. Gal T. 2017.. An ecological model of child and youth participation. . Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 79::5764
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  40. Gee KA, Asmundson V, Vang T. 2023.. Educational impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: inequities by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. . Curr. Opin. Psychol. 52::101643
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  41. Gibbs L, Kornbluh M, Marinkovic K, Bell S, Ozer EJ. 2020.. Using technology to scale up youth-led participatory action research: a systematic review. . J. Adolesc. Health 67:(2):S1423
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  42. Gomez RJ, Ryan TN. 2016.. Speaking out: youth led research as a methodology used with homeless youth. . Child Adolesc. Soc. Work J. 33:(2):18593
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  43. Green LW. 2008.. Making research relevant: If it is an evidence-based practice, where's the practice-based evidence?. Family Pract. 25:(Suppl. 1):i2024
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  44. Gresham FM, Elliott SN. 1990.. Social Skills Rating System Manual. Circle Pines, MN:: Am. Guid. Serv.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Guba EG, Lincoln YS. 1994.. Competing paradigms in qualitative research. . In Handbook of Qualitative Research, ed. NK Denzin, YS Lincoln , pp. 10517. Thousand Oaks, CA:: Sage
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Hart RA. 1992.. Children's participation from tokenism to citizenship. Innocenti Essay 4 , UNICEF Int. Child Dev. Cent., Florence, Italy:. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/childrens_participation.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Hayik R. 2021.. Through their lenses: Arab students’ environmental documentation and action. . Environ. Educ. Res. 27:(3):43861
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  48. Hill PL, Burrow AL. 2021.. Why youth are more purposeful than we think. . Child Dev. Perspect. 15:(4):28186
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  49. Horwitz SM, Hurlburt MS, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Palinkas LA, Rolls-Reutz J, et al. 2014.. Exploration and adoption of evidence-based practice by US child welfare agencies. . Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 39::14752
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  50. Innvær S, Vist G, Trommald M, Oxman A. 2002.. Health policy-makers’ perceptions of their use of evidence: a systematic review. . J. Health Serv. Res. Policy 7:(4):23944
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  51. Israel BA, Eng E, Schulz AJ, Parker EA, eds. 2005.. Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research for Health. San Francisco, CA:: Jossey-Bass. 1st ed.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Jacquez F, Vaughn LM, Wagner E. 2013.. Youth as partners, participants or passive recipients: a review of children and adolescents in community-based participatory research (CBPR). . Am. J. Community Psychol. 51:(1–2):17689
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  53. Jagers RJ, Rivas-Drake D, Williams B. 2019.. Transformative social and emotional learning (SEL): toward SEL in service of educational equity and excellence. . Educ. Psychol. 54:(3):16284
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  54. Johnson K, Drew C, Auerswald C. 2020.. Structural violence and food insecurity in the lives of formerly homeless young adults living in permanent supportive housing. . J. Youth Stud. 23:(10):124972
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  55. Kennedy H. 2018.. How adults change from facilitating youth participatory action research: process and outcomes. . Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 94::298305
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  56. Kennedy H, Anyon Y, Engle C, Schofield Clark L. 2022a.. Using intergroup contact theory to understand the practices of youth-serving professionals in the context of YPAR: identifying racialized adultism. . Child Youth Serv. 43:(1):76103
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  57. Kennedy H, DeChants J, Bender K, Anyon Y. 2019.. More than data collectors: a systematic review of the environmental outcomes of youth inquiry approaches in the United States. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 63:(1–2):20826
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  58. Kennedy H, Elnicki J, Torrieri D, Scallan Walter E. 2022b.. Increasing the capacity of youth-serving professionals: evaluation of the online social justice approach to youth engagement course. . Pedagogy Health Promot. 8:(1):2229
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  59. Kirshner B, Pozzoboni K, Jones H. 2011.. Learning how to manage bias: a case study of youth participatory action research. . Appl. Dev. Sci. 15:(3):14055
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  60. Kirshner B, Zion S, Lopez S, Hipolito-Delgado C. 2021.. A theory of change for scaling critical civic inquiry. . Peabody J. Educ. 96:(3):294306
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  61. Kornbluh M, Ozer EJ, Allen CD, Kirshner B. 2015.. Youth participatory action research as an approach to sociopolitical development and the new academic standards: considerations for educators. . Urban Rev. 47:(5):86892
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  62. Kulbok PA, Meszaros PS, Bond DC, Thatcher E, Park E, et al. 2015.. Youths as partners in a community participatory project for substance use prevention. . Fam. Community Health 38:(1):311
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  63. Lerner RM, Lerner JV, Lewin-Bizan S, Bowers EP, Boyd MJ, et al. 2011.. Positive youth development: processes, programs, and problematics. . J. Youth Dev. 6:(3):4064
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  64. Lerner RM, Lerner JV, Murry VM, Smith EP, Bowers EP, et al. 2021.. Positive youth development in 2020: theory, research, programs, and the promotion of social justice. . J. Res. Adolesc. 31:(4):111434
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  65. Lundy L. 2007.. ‘Voice’ is not enough: conceptualizing Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. . Br. Educ. Res. J. 33:(6):92742
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  66. Lundy L. 2018.. In defence of tokenism? Implementing children's right to participate in collective decision-making. . Childhood 25:(3):34054
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  67. Lundy L, Byrne B, Lloyd K, Templeton M, Brando N, et al. 2021.. Life under coronavirus: children's views on their experiences of their human rights. . Int. J. Child. Rights 29:(2):26185
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  68. Lundy L, McEvoy L. 2012.. Children's rights and research processes: assisting children to (in)formed views. . Childhood 19:(1):12944
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  69. Lundy L, McEvoy L, Byrne B. 2011.. Working with young children as co-researchers: an approach informed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. . Early Educ. Dev. 22:(5):71436
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  70. Maker Castro E, López Hernández G, Karras-Jean Gilles J, Novoa A, New Gener. Class, Suárez-Orozco C. 2022.. “Everyone collaborated and came together”: the civic promise (and pitfalls) of yPAR for immigrant-origin students in an era of deportation. . Cult. Divers. Ethnic Minor. Psychol. 28:(3):42739
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  71. Malorni A, Lea CH III, Richards-Schuster K, Spencer MS. 2022.. Facilitating youth participatory action research (YPAR): a scoping review of relational practice in U.S. Youth development & out-of-school time projects. . Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 136::106399
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  72. McCafferty P. 2021.. Children's participation in child welfare decision making: recognizing dichotomies, conceptualising critically informed solutions. . Child Care Pract. 30::11229
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  73. McKoy DL, Vincent JM. 2007.. Engaging schools in urban revitalization: the Y-PLAN (Youth—Plan, Learn, Act, Now!). . J. Plan. Educ. Res. 26:(4):389403
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  74. McMellon C, Tisdall EKM. 2020.. Children and young people's participation rights: looking backwards and moving forwards. . Int. J. Child. Rights 28:(1):15782
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  75. Minkler M, Blackwell AG, Thompson M, Tamir H. 2003.. Community-based participatory research: implications for public health funding. . Am. J. Public Health 93:(8):121013
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  76. Mitra DL. 2004.. The significance of students: Can increasing “student voice” in schools lead to gains in youth development?. Teach. Coll. Record. 106:(4):65188
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  77. Nash AM. 2023.. Youth participatory action research: studies on mental health, psychological empowerment, and transformative social and emotional learning. DrPH Diss. , Univ. Calif., Berkeley:
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Nash A, Kennedy H, Abraczinskas M, Ballonoff Suleiman A, Ozer EJ. 2024.. Examining the intersection of sociopolitical development and transformative social and emotional learning outcomes: an integrated approach in youth participatory action research. . Youth 4:(2):67999
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  79. Nation JM, Durán RP. 2019.. Home is where the heart is: Latinx youth expression and identity in a critical maker project. . Mind Cult. Act. 26:(3):24965
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  80. Nutley SM, Walter I, Davies HTO. 2007.. Using Evidence: How Research Can Inform Public Services. Bristol, UK:: Policy Press
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Ozer EJ. 2017.. Youth-led participatory action research: developmental and equity perspectives. . Adv. Child Dev. Behav. 50::189207
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  82. Ozer EJ, Abraczinskas M, Duarte C, Mathur R, Ballard PJ, et al. 2020a.. Youth participatory approaches and health equity: conceptualization and integrative review. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 66:(3–4):26778
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  83. Ozer EJ, Abraczinskas M, Voight A, Kirshner B, Cohen AK, et al. 2020b.. Use of research evidence generated by youth: conceptualization and applications in diverse U.S. K-12 educational settings. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 66:(1–2):8193
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  84. Ozer EJ, Afifi R, Gibbs L, Mathur RT. 2018.. Youth engagement and participation: field-building across research and practice. . J. Adolesc. Health 63:(6):67172
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  85. Ozer EJ, Cantor JP, Cruz GW, Fox B, Hubbard E, Moret L. 2008.. The diffusion of youth-led participatory research in urban schools: the role of the prevention support system in implementation and sustainability. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 41:(3–4):27889
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  86. Ozer EJ, Douglas L. 2013.. The impact of participatory research on urban teens: an experimental evaluation. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 51:(1–2):6675
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  87. Ozer EJ, Douglas L. 2015.. Assessing the key processes of youth-led participatory research: psychometric analysis and application of an observational rating scale. . Youth Soc. 47:(1):2950
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  88. Ozer EJ, Hubbard E. 2025.. “ It's not linear”: a conversation with Emily Ozer and Elizabeth Hubbard. . In Critical Thinking on Youth Participatory Action Research: Participation, Power, and Purpose, ed. T Albright, G Brion-Meisels , 7287. New York:: Routledge
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Ozer EJ, Schotland M. 2011.. Psychological empowerment among urban youth: measure development and relationship to psychosocial functioning. . Health Educ. Behav. 38:(4):34856
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  90. Ozer EJ, Shapiro V, Duarte C. 2021.. Opportunities to strengthen SEL impact through youth-led participatory action research (YPAR). Issue Brief, Edna Bennett Pierce Prev. Res. Cent., Pa. State Univ., Phila:. https://prevention.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PSU-Youth-Empowerment-Brief-REV.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Ozer EJ, Wright D. 2012.. Beyond school spirit: the effects of youth-led participatory action research in two urban high schools. . J. Res. Adolesc. 22:(2):26783
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  92. Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, et al. 2016.. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. . Lancet 387:(10036):242378
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  93. Percy-Smith B, Thomas NP, O'Kane C, Twum-Danso Imoh A. 2023.. A Handbook of Children and Young People's Participation: Conversations for Transformational Change. London:: Routledge. , 2nd ed..
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Pinedo A, Diemer MA, Frisby MB. 2024.. Critical consciousness and youth political activism. . Annu. Rev. Dev. Psychol. 6:. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-113449. In press
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Reavley NJ, Sawyer SM. 2017.. Improving the methodological quality of research in adolescent well-being. Innocenti Res. Brief 2017-03 , UNICEF Off. Res.–Innocenti, Florence, Italy:. https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/papers/26642166/20/read
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Richards-Schuster K, Plachta Elliott S. 2019.. A practice matrix for involving young people in evaluation: possibilities and considerations. . Am. J. Eval. 40:(4):53347
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  97. Rodríguez LF, Brown TM. 2009.. From voice to agency: guiding principles for participatory action research with youth. . New Dir. Youth Dev. 2009:(123):1934
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  98. Rosenberg M. 1965.. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ:: Princeton Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Rowell LL, Polush EY, Riel M, Bruewer A. 2015.. Action researchers’ perspectives about the distinguishing characteristics of action research: a Delphi and learning circles mixed-methods study. . Educ. Action Res. 23:(2):24370
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  100. Rubin BC. 2012.. Making Citizens: Transforming Civic Learning for Diverse Social Studies Classrooms. New York:: Routledge
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Ryan RM, Deci EL. 2000.. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. . Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 25:(1):5467
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  102. Scaccia JP, Cook BS, Lamont A, Wandersman A, Castellow J, et al. 2015.. A practical implementation science heuristic for organizational readiness: R = MC2. . J. Community Psychol. 43:(4):484501
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  103. Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M. 1995.. General self-efficacy scale. In Measures in Health Psychology: A User's Portfolio. Causal and Control Beliefs, ed. J Weinman, S Wright, M Johnson , pp. 35–37. Windsor, UK:: NFER-NELSON
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Shamrova DP, Cummings CE. 2017.. Participatory action research (PAR) with children and youth: an integrative review of methodology and PAR outcomes for participants, organizations, and communities. . Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 81::400412
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  105. Stalford H, Lundy L. 2022.. Children's rights and research ethics. . Int. J. Child. Rights 30:(4):89193
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  106. Sterrett EM, Jones DJ, McKee LG, Kincaid C. 2011.. Supportive non-parental adults and adolescent psychosocial functioning: using social support as a theoretical framework. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 48:(3–4):28495
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  107. Sumner R, Burrow AL, Hill PL. 2018.. The development of purpose in life among adolescents who experience marginalization: potential opportunities and obstacles. . Am. Psychol. 73:(6):74052
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  108. UCLA Cent. Dev. Adolesc. 2022.. The core science of adolescent development. Summ., UCLA Cent. Dev. Adolesc., Univ. Calif., Los Angel:. https://developingadolescent.semel.ucla.edu/assets/uploads/research/resources/Core_Science_Summary.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  109. UN. 1989.. Convention on the Rights of the Child (adopted November 20, 1989). . Int. Leg. Mater. 28::144876
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  110. Univ. Calif. Berkeley Cent. Cities + Sch. 2024.. Y-PLAN Tools – Y-PLAN Digital Toolkit. . Y-PLAN. https://y-plan.berkeley.edu
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Vaccarino-Ruiz SS, Gordon DL, Langhout RD. 2022.. Toward the democratization of knowledge: using photovoice, social biography, and the “five whys” in YPAR with children. . Cult. Divers. Ethnic Minor. Psychol. 28:(3):44048
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  112. Voight A, Velez V. 2018.. Youth participatory action research in the high school curriculum: education outcomes for student participants in a district-wide initiative. . J. Res. Educ. Eff. 11:(3):43351
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Wallerstein N, Duran B, Oetzel J, Minkler M, eds. 2017.. Community-Based Participatory Research for Health: Advancing Social and Health Equity. Hoboken, NJ:: Jossey-Bass & Pfeiffer/Wiley. , 3rd ed..
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Wallerstein NB, Duran B. 2006.. Using community-based participatory research to address health disparities. . Health Promot. Pract. 7:(3):31223
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  115. Wandersman A, Duffy J, Flaspohler P, Noonan R, Lubell K, et al. 2008.. Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: the interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 41:(3–4):17181
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  116. Warren MR, Calderón J, Kupscznk LA, Squires G, Su C. 2018.. Is collaborative, community-engaged scholarship more rigorous than traditional scholarship? On advocacy, bias, and social science research. . Urban Educ. 53:(4):44572
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  117. Watts RJ, Flanagan C. 2007.. Pushing the envelope on youth civic engagement: a developmental and liberation psychology perspective. . J. Community Psychol. 35:(6):77992
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  118. Watts RJ, Williams NC, Jagers RJ. 2003.. Sociopolitical development. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 31:(1–2):18594
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  119. Weiss CH, Bucuvalas MJ. 1980.. Social Science Research and Decision-Making. New York:: Columbia Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Wilson N, Dasho S, Martin AC, Wallerstein N, Wang CC, Minkler M. 2007.. Engaging young adolescents in social action through photovoice: the Youth Empowerment Strategies (YES!) Project. . J. Early Adolesc. 27:(2):24161
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  121. Wong NT, Zimmerman MA, Parker EA. 2010.. A typology of youth participation and empowerment for child and adolescent health promotion. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 46:(1–2):100114
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  122. Woods-Jaeger B, Jahangir T, Lucas D, Freeman M, Renfro TL, et al. 2024.. Youth Empowered Advocating for Health (YEAH): facilitating partnerships between prevention scientists and Black youth to promote health equity. . Prev. Sci. 25:(1):2030
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  123. Zimmerman MA. 1995.. Psychological empowerment: issues and illustrations. . Am. J. Community Psychol. 23:(5):58199
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  124. Zimmerman MA, Eisman AB, Reischl TM, Morrel-Samuels S, Stoddard S, et al. 2018.. Youth empowerment solutions: evaluation of an after-school program to engage middle school students in community change. . Health Educ. Behav. 45:(1):2031
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  125. Zimmerman MA, Zahniser JH. 1991.. Refinements of sphere-specific measures of perceived control: development of a sociopolitical control scale. . J. Community Psychol. 19:(2):189204
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-100158
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-100158
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error