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Annual Review of Developmental Psychology

Volume 6, 2024

The Origins and Emergence of Self-Representation

  • Victoria Southgate1
  • Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; email: [email protected]
  • Vol. 6:109-131 (Volume publication date December 2024)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on September 04, 2024
  • Copyright © 2024 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Although a reflective self-awareness is often considered to be the pinnacle of human consciousness, it takes time to develop, and behaviors indicating a conceptual self-representation appear only toward the end of the second year of life. How it develops has been the subject of much speculation, but little empirical data have targeted causal mechanisms. I first review early behaviors that likely do or do not indicate a reflective self-awareness. I then draw on data indicating a continuity between bodily and conceptual self-awareness, suggesting that the key to understanding how a reflective self-awareness develops is to look for its origins in a bodily self and in the earliest available signals of self-origin. Considering data from adult cognitive neuroscience, I review the mechanisms that could exploit early visceral cues and represent them as belonging to the self and the role that caregiver–infant interactions may play in this process. I conclude by considering how cross-cultural differences in the emergence of a self-concept provide important insights into the mechanisms that develop self-awareness.

Keyword(s): agency, bodily self, infants, interoception, self-awareness, self-concept, self–other differentiation
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2024-12-09
2025-06-22
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