1932

Abstract

Research has begun to identify genetic, environmental, and neurocognitive risk factors related to the development of youth antisocial behavior (aggression, rule-breaking). We review environmental and genetic risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior and related outcomes (e.g., callous-unemotional traits), as well as provide an overview of neural correlates of antisocial behavior. Next, we connect these findings to work in developmental neuroscience linking exposure to adversity to brain structure and function. Then we integrate across these literatures to provide a multilevel model of the development of antisocial behavior that includes transactions between genetic and environmental risk that shape brain development. Throughout, we focus on how pathways may differ for youth with different subtypes of antisocial behavior (e.g., early-onset) with a particular focus on callous-unemotional traits. We end by identifying challenges and future directions for the field.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-045355
2024-12-09
2025-02-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/devpsych/6/1/annurev-devpsych-120621-045355.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-045355&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Alegria AA, Radua J, Rubia K. 2016.. Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of disruptive behavior disorders. . Am. J. Psychiatry 173:(11):111930
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  2. Am. Psychiatr. Assoc. 2013.. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC:: Am. Psychiatr. Assoc. , 5th ed..
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Andersson A, Tuvblad C, Chen Q, Du Rietz E, Cortese S, et al. 2020.. Research review: the strength of the genetic overlap between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms – a systematic review and meta-analysis. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 61:(11):117383
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  4. Andrade LH, Alonso J, Mneimneh Z, Wells J, Al-Hamzawi A, et al. 2014.. Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. . Psychol. Med. 44:(6):130317
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  5. Baker LA, Bezdjian S, Raine A. 2006.. Behavioral genetics: the science of antisocial behavior. . Law Contemp. Probl. 69:(1–2):746
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Baskin-Sommers A, Ruiz S, Sarcos B, Simmons C. 2022.. Cognitive–affective factors underlying disinhibitory disorders and legal implications. . Nat. Rev. Psychol. 1:(3):14560
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  7. Baskin-Sommers A, Viding E, Barber M, Ruiz S, Paskewitz S, Hyde LW. 2024.. Advancing the science of biosocial transactions related to aggression in children and young people: a brief review and steps forward. . Aggress. Violent Behav. 79::102001
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bellinger DC, Matthews-Bellinger JA, Kordas K. 2016.. A developmental perspective on early-life exposure to neurotoxicants. . Environ. Int. 94::10312
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  9. Berluti K, Ploe ML, Marsh AA. 2023.. Emotion processing in youths with conduct problems: an fMRI meta-analysis. . Transl. Psychiatry 13:(1):105
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  10. Blair RJR. 2013.. The neurobiology of psychopathic traits in youths. . Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 14:(11):78699 Describes a prominent theory related to the neural correlates of CU traits and AB in youth.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  11. Blair RJR, Leibenluft E, Pine DS. 2014.. Conduct disorder and callous–unemotional traits in youth. . New Engl. J. Med. 371:(23):220716 Provides an overview of conduct disorder and CU traits, along with a description of the shared and unique neurocognitive risks for each.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bogdan R, Hyde L, Hariri A. 2012.. A neurogenetics approach to understanding individual differences in brain, behavior, and risk for psychopathology. . Mol. Psychiatry 18::28899
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  13. Braga T, Cunha O, Maia Â. 2018.. The enduring effect of maltreatment on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. . Aggress. Violent Behav. 40::91100
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  14. Bronfenbrenner U, Ceci SJ. 1994.. Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: a bioecological model. . Psychol. Rev. 101:(4):56886
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  15. Buckholtz JW, Meyer-Lindenberg A. 2008.. MAOA and the neurogenetic architecture of human aggression. . Trends Neurosci. 31:(3):12029
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  16. Burt SA. 2009a.. Are there meaningful etiological differences within antisocial behavior? Results of a meta-analysis. . Clin. Psychol. Rev. 29:(2):16378
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  17. Burt SA. 2009b.. Rethinking environmental contributions to child and adolescent psychopathology: a meta-analysis of shared environmental influences. . Psychol. Bull. 135:(4):60837
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  18. Burt SA. 2012.. How do we optimally conceptualize the heterogeneity within antisocial behavior? An argument for aggressive versus non-aggressive behavioral dimensions. . Clin. Psychol. Rev. 32:(4):26379
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  19. Burt SA. 2022.. The genetic, environmental, and cultural forces influencing youth antisocial behavior are tightly intertwined. . Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 18::15578 An overview of the complexity of the genetics of AB and the relationship between genetic and environmental influences on AB.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  20. Burt SA, Clark DA, Gershoff ET, Klump KL, Hyde LW. 2021.. Twin differences in harsh parenting predict youth's antisocial behavior. . Psychol. Sci. 32:(3):395409
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  21. Byrd AL, Loeber R, Pardini DA. 2014.. Antisocial behavior, psychopathic features and abnormalities in reward and punishment processing in youth. . Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. 17::12556
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  22. Cicchetti D. 1993.. Developmental psychopathology: reactions, reflections, projections. . Dev. Rev. 13:(4):471502
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  23. Coghill D. 2013.. Editorial: Do clinical services need to take conduct disorder more seriously?. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 54:(9):92123. Correction . 2013.. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 54:(12):1368
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Conger RD, Donnellan MB. 2007.. An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development. . Annu. Rev. Psychol. 58::17599
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  25. Copeland W, Shanahan L, Costello EJ, Angold A. 2011.. Cumulative prevalence of psychiatric disorders by young adulthood: a prospective cohort analysis from the Great Smoky Mountains Study. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 50:(3):25261
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  26. Craig SG, Goulter N, Moretti MM. 2021.. A systematic review of primary and secondary callous-unemotional traits and psychopathy variants in youth. . Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. 24:(1):6591
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  27. Crick NR, Dodge KA. 1996.. Social information-processing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression. . Child Dev. 67:(3):9931002
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  28. Dash GF, Karalunas SL, Kenyon EA, Carter EK, Mooney MA, et al. 2023.. Gene-by-environment interaction effects of social adversity on externalizing behavior in ABCD youth. . Behav. Genet. 53:(3):21931
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  29. Dishion TJ, Patterson GR. 2015.. The development and ecology of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. . In Developmental Psychopathology, Vol. 3:: Risk, Disorder and Adaptation, ed. D Cicchetti, DJ Cohen , pp. 50341. Hoboken, NJ:: Wiley
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Dishion TJ, Spracklen KM, Andrews DW, Patterson GR. 1996.. Deviancy training in male adolescent friendships. . Behav. Therapy 27:(3):37390
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  31. Dodge KA, Greenberg MT, Malone PS. 2008.. Testing an idealized dynamic cascade model of the development of serious violence in adolescence. . Child Dev. 79:(6):190727
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  32. Dotterer HL, Hyde LW, Swartz JR, Hariri AR, Williamson DE. 2017.. Amygdala reactivity predicts adolescent antisocial behavior but not callous-unemotional traits. . Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 24::8492
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  33. Dotterer HL, Tomlinson RC, Burt SA, Weigard AS, Klump KL, Hyde LW. 2021.. Neurocognitive abilities associated with antisocial behavior with and without callous-unemotional traits in a community sample. . Neuropsychology 35:(4):37487
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  34. Duncan LE, Ostacher M, Ballon J. 2019.. How genome-wide association studies (GWAS) made traditional candidate gene studies obsolete. . Neuropsychopharmacology 44:(9):151823
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  35. Elliott ML, Knodt AR, Ireland D, Morris ML, Poulton R, et al. 2020.. What is the test-retest reliability of common task-fMRI measures? New empirical evidence and a meta-analysis. . Psychol. Sci. 31:(7):792806
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  36. Estrada S, Tillem S, Stuppy-Sullivan A, Baskin-Sommers AR. 2019.. Specifying the connection between reward processing and antisocial psychopathology across development: review, integration, and future directions. . In Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology, ed. J Gruber , pp. 31232. Oxford, UK:: Oxford Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Fahim C, He Y, Yoon U, Chen J, Evans A, Perusse D. 2011.. Neuroanatomy of childhood disruptive behavior disorders. . Aggress. Behav. 37:(4):32637
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  38. Fairchild G, van Goozen SHM, Stollery SJ, Aitken MRF, Savage J, et al. 2009.. Decision making and executive function in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder and control subjects. . Biol. Psychiatry 66:(2):16268
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  39. Fanti KA, Colins OF, Andershed H, Sikki M. 2017.. Stability and change in callous-unemotional traits: longitudinal associations with potential individual and contextual risk and protective factors. . Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 87:(1):6275
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  40. Ferguson CJ. 2010.. Genetic contributions to antisocial personality and behavior: a meta-analytic review from an evolutionary perspective. . J. Soc. Psychol. 150:(2):16080
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  41. Fleming GE, Neo B, Briggs NE, Kaouar S, Frick PJ, Kimonis ER. 2022.. Parent training adapted to the needs of children with callous-unemotional traits: a randomized controlled trial. . Behav. Ther. 53:(6):126581
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  42. Foster EM, Jones DE. 2005.. The high costs of aggression: public expenditures resulting from conduct disorder. . Am. J. Public Health 95:(10):176772
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  43. Frankenhuis WE, Panchanathan K, Nettle D. 2016.. Cognition in harsh and unpredictable environments. . Curr. Opin. Psychol. 7::7680
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  44. Freitag CM, Konrad K, Stadler C, De Brito SA, Popma A, et al. 2018.. Conduct disorder in adolescent females: current state of research and study design of the FemNAT-CD consortium. . Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 27::107793
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  45. Frick PJ, Kemp EC. 2021.. Conduct disorders and empathy development. . Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 17::391416
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  46. Frick PJ, Morris AS. 2004.. Temperament and developmental pathways to conduct problems. . J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 33:(1):5468
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  47. Frick PJ, Ray JV, Thornton LC, Kahn RE. 2014.. Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? A comprehensive review. . Psychol. Bull. 140::157 Describes the research base motivating the inclusion of CU traits in diagnostic manuals and summarizes differences in etiology for youth with AB and CU traits.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  48. Gao Y, Staginnus M, Townsend S, Bajaj S, Barker ED, et al. 2024.. A mega-analysis of cortical structure and subcortical volumes in conduct disorder in youth, and effects of sex, age-of-onset and callous-unemotional traits. . Mol. Psychiatry. In press
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Gard AM, Dotterer HL, Hyde LW. 2018.. Genetic influences on antisocial behavior: recent advances and future directions. . Curr. Opin. Psychol. 27::4655 A brief and accessible review of the genetics of AB.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  50. Gard AM, Hein TC, Mitchell C, Brooks-Gunn J, McLanahan SS, et al. 2022.. Prospective longitudinal associations between harsh parenting and corticolimbic function during adolescence. . Dev. Psychopathol. 34:(3):98196
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  51. Gard AM, Maxwell AM, Shaw DS, Mitchell C, Brooks-Gunn J, et al. 2020.. Beyond family-level adversities: exploring the developmental timing of neighborhood effects on the brain. . Dev. Sci. 24:(1):e12985
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  52. Gard AM, Waller R, Shaw DS, Forbes EE, Hariri AR, Hyde LW. 2017.. The long reach of early adversity: parenting, stress, and neural pathways to antisocial behavior in adulthood. . Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging 2:(7):58290
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Graziano PA, Landis T, Maharaj A, Ros-Demarize R, Hart KC, Garcia A. 2019.. Differentiating preschool children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional behaviors through emotion regulation and executive functioning. . J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 51:(2):17082
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  54. Green BL, Ayoub C, Bartlett JD, Furrer C, Chazan-Cohen R, et al. 2020.. Pathways to prevention: early Head Start outcomes in the first three years lead to long-term reductions in child maltreatment. . Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 118::105403
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  55. Guxens M, Lubczyńska MJ, Pérez-Crespo L, Muetzel RL, El Marroun H, et al. 2022.. Associations of air pollution on the brain in children: a brain imaging study. Res. Rep. 209 , Health Effects Inst., Boston, MA:
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Hanson JL, Chung MK, Avants BB, Shirtcliff EA, Gee JC, et al. 2010.. Early stress is associated with alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex: a tensor-based morphometry investigation of brain structure and behavioral risk. . J. Neurosci. 30:(22):746672
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  57. Hart H, Rubia K. 2012.. Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review. . Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6::52
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  58. Heckman JJ, Karapakula G. 2019.. Intergenerational and intragenerational externalities of the Perry Preschool Project. NBER Work. Pap. 25889. https://doi.org/10.3386/w25889
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Henggeler SW. 1999.. Multisystemic therapy: an overview of clinical procedures, outcomes, and policy implications. . Child Psychol. Psychiatry Rev. 4:(1):210
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  60. Henry J, Dionne G, Viding E, Vitaro F, Brendgen M, et al. 2018.. Early warm-rewarding parenting moderates the genetic contributions to callous–unemotional traits in childhood. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 59:(12):128288
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  61. Hicks BM, South SC, DiRago AC, Iacono WG, McGue M. 2009.. Environmental adversity and increasing genetic risk for externalizing disorders. . Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 66:(6):64048
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  62. Hinshaw SP, Lee SS. 2003.. Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. . In Child Psychopathology, ed. EJ Mash, RA Barkley , pp. 14498. New York:: Guilford Press. , 2nd ed..
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Holz NE, Boecker R, Hohm E, Zohsel K, Buchmann AF, et al. 2015.. The long-term impact of early life poverty on orbitofrontal cortex volume in adulthood: results from a prospective study over 25 years. . Neuropsychopharmacology 40:(4):9961004
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  64. Hyde LW. 2015.. Developmental psychopathology in an era of molecular genetics and neuroimaging: a developmental neurogenetics approach. . Dev. Psychopathol. 27::587613
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  65. Hyde LW, Bezek J, Michael C. 2024.. The future of neuroscience in developmental psychopathology. . Dev. Psychopathol. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579424000233
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Hyde LW, Bogdan R, Hariri AR. 2011.. Understanding risk for psychopathology through imaging gene–environment interactions. . Trends Cogn. Sci. 15:(9):41727
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  67. Hyde LW, Dotterer HL. 2022.. The nature and nurture of callous-unemotional traits. . Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 31:(6):54655 Provides an overview of genetically informed research examining the genetic and environmental contributions to the development of CU traits.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  68. Hyde LW, Gard AM, Tomlinson RC, Burt SA, Mitchell C, Monk CS. 2020.. An ecological approach to understanding the developing brain: examples linking poverty, parenting, neighborhoods, and the brain. . Am. Psychologist 75:(9):124559
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  69. Hyde LW, Gard AM, Tomlinson RC, Suarez GL, Westerman HB. 2022.. Parents, neighborhoods, and the developing brain. . Child Dev. Perspect. 16:(3):14856 Provides an accessible summary of the literature linking parenting and neighborhood risk to key neural circuits.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  70. Hyde LW, Shaw DS, Hariri AR. 2013.. Neuroscience, developmental psychopathology and youth antisocial behavior: review, integration, and directions for research. . Dev. Rev. 33::168223
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  71. Hyde LW, Waller R, Shaw DS, Murray L, Forbes EE. 2018.. Deflections from adolescent trajectories of antisocial behavior: contextual and neural moderators of antisocial behavior stability into emerging adulthood. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 59:(10):107382
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  72. Hyde LW, Waller R, Trentacosta CJ, Shaw DS, Neiderhiser JM, et al. 2016.. Heritable and non-heritable pathways to early callous unemotional behavior. Am. J. Psychiatry 173::90310
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  73. Iacono WG, Malone SM, McGue M. 2008.. Behavioral disinhibition and the development of early-onset addiction: common and specific influences. . Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 4::32548
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  74. Jaffee SR, Strait LB, Odgers CL. 2012.. From correlates to causes: can quasi-experimental studies and statistical innovations bring us closer to identifying the causes of antisocial behavior?. Psychol. Bull. 138:(2):27295
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  75. Jennings WG, Perez NM, Reingle Gonzalez JM. 2018.. Conduct disorder and neighborhood effects. . Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 14:(1):31741
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  76. Johnson SB, Riis JL, Noble KG. 2016.. State of the art review: poverty and the developing brain. . Pediatrics 137:(4):e20153075
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  77. Joyner B, Beaver KM. 2021.. Examining the potential link between child maltreatment and callous-unemotional traits in children and adolescents: a multilevel analysis. . Child Abuse Neglect 122::105327
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  78. Karamanos A, Mudway I, Kelly F, Beevers S, Dajnak D, et al. 2021.. Air pollution and trajectories of adolescent conduct problems: the roles of ethnicity and racism; evidence from the DASH longitudinal study. . Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 56:(11):202939
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  79. Karlsson Linnér R, Mallard TT, Barr PB, Sanchez-Roige S, Madole JW, et al. 2021.. Multivariate analysis of 1.5 million people identifies genetic associations with traits related to self-regulation and addiction. . Nat. Neurosci. 24:(10):136776
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  80. Kazdin AE. 1997.. Parent management training: evidence, outcomes, and issues. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 36:(10):134956
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  81. Klahr AM, Burt SA. 2014.. Elucidating the etiology of individual differences in parenting: a meta-analysis of behavioral genetic research. . Psychol. Bull. 140:(2):54486
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  82. Klahr AM, McGue M, Iacono WG, Burt SA. 2011.. The association between parent–child conflict and adolescent conduct problems over time: results from a longitudinal adoption study. . J. Abnorm. Psychol. 120:(1):4656
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  83. Lahey BB, Loeber R, Quay HC, Applegate B, Shaffer D, et al. 1998.. Validity of DSM-IV subtypes of conduct disorder based on age of onset. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 37:(4):43542
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  84. Lockwood PL, Sebastian CL, McCrory EJ, Hyde ZH, Gu X, et al. 2013.. Association of callous traits with reduced neural response to others’ pain in children with conduct problems. . Curr. Biol. 23:(10):9015
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  85. Loeber R, Farrington DP. 2000.. Young children who commit crime: epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications. . Dev. Psychopathol. 12:(4):73762
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  86. Loeber R, Stouthamer-Loeber M. 1998.. Development of juvenile aggression and violence: some common misconceptions and controversies. . Am. Psychologist 53:(2):24259
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  87. Marek S, Tervo-Clemmens B, Calabro FJ, Montez DF, Kay BP, et al. 2022.. Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals. . Nature 603:(7902):65460
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  88. Marshall NA, Marusak HA, Sala-Hamrick KJ, Crespo LM, Rabinak CA, Thomason ME. 2018.. Socioeconomic disadvantage and altered corticostriatal circuitry in urban youth. . Hum. Brain Mapp. 39:(5):198294
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  89. Martinelli A, Ackermann K, Bernhard A, Freitag CM, Schwenck C. 2018.. Hostile attribution bias and aggression in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review on the influence of aggression subtype and gender. . Aggress. Violent Behav. 39::2532
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  90. McCrory E, De Brito SA, Viding E. 2011.. The impact of childhood maltreatment: a review of neurobiological and genetic factors. . Front. Psychiatry 2::48
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  91. McLaughlin KA, Sheridan MA, Lambert HK. 2014.. Childhood adversity and neural development: deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience. . Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 47::57891
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  92. McLaughlin KA, Weissman D, Bitrán D. 2019.. Childhood adversity and neural development: a systematic review. . Annu. Rev. Dev. Psychol. 1::277312
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  93. McNeil CB, Hembree-Kigin TL, Anhalt K. 2010.. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. New York:: Springer
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Meaney MJ. 2010.. Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene × environment interactions. . Child Dev. 81:(1):4179
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  95. Meijer M, Franke B, Sandi C, Klein M. 2023.. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in externalizing behaviours: a review and combined analysis. . Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 145::104997
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  96. Menon V. 2011.. Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model. . Trends Cogn. Sci. 15:(10):483506
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  97. Michalska KJ, Zeffiro TA, Decety J. 2016.. Brain response to viewing others being harmed in children with conduct disorder symptoms. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 57:(4):51019
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  98. Moffitt TE. 2018.. Male antisocial behaviour in adolescence and beyond. . Nat. Hum. Behav. 2::17786 Describes the extensive research on early- versus late-onset AB, as well as the differences in etiology and course of these two subgroups of youth.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  99. Murray J, Farrington DP. 2010.. Risk factors for conduct disorder and delinquency: key findings from longitudinal studies. . Can. J. Psychiatry 55:(10):63342
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  100. Murray L, Waller R, Hyde LW. 2018.. A systematic review examining the link between psychopathic personality traits, antisocial behavior, and neural reactivity during reward and loss processing. . Pers. Disord. Theory Res. Treat. 9:(6):497509
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Nock MK, Kazdin AE, Hiripi E, Kessler RC. 2006.. Prevalence, subtypes, and correlates of DSM-IV conduct disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. . Psychol. Med. 36:(5):699710
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  102. Odgers CL, Moffitt TE, Broadbent JM, Dickson N, Hancox RJ, et al. 2008.. Female and male antisocial trajectories: from childhood origins to adult outcomes. . Dev. Psychopathol. 20:(2):673716
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  103. Palacios-Barrios EE, Hanson JL. 2019.. Poverty and self-regulation: connecting psychosocial processes, neurobiology, and the risk for psychopathology. . Compr. Psychiatry 90::5264
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  104. Pasalich DS, Aquilina B, Hassall A, Goulter N, Xyrakis N, Khoo A. 2023.. Childhood experiences of alternative care and callousness/unemotionality: a conceptual model, scoping review, and research agenda. . Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. 26:(3):789804
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  105. Patterson GR, DeBaryshe BD, Ramsey E. 1989.. A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. . Am. Psychologist 44:(2):32935 Describes classic work on the development of AB and the role coercive cycles play.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  106. Piotrowska PJ, Stride CB, Croft SE, Rowe R. 2015.. Socioeconomic status and antisocial behaviour among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . Clin. Psychol. Rev. 35::4755
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  107. Raine A. 2002.. The biological basis of crime. . In Crime: Public Policies for Crime Control, ed. JQ Wilson, J Petersilia , pp. 4374. Oakland, CA:: ICS Press
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Raine A. 2018.. Antisocial personality as a neurodevelopmental disorder. . Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 14::25989
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  109. Reyes JW. 2015.. Lead exposure and behavior: effects on antisocial and risky behavior among children and adolescents. . Econ. Inq. 53:(3):1580605
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  110. Rivenbark JG, Odgers CL, Caspi A, Harrington H, Hogan S, et al. 2018.. The high societal costs of childhood conduct problems: evidence from administrative records up to age 38 in a longitudinal birth cohort. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 59:(6):70310
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  111. Rogers JC, De Brito SA. 2016.. Cortical and subcortical gray matter volume in youths with conduct problems: a meta-analysis. . JAMA Psychiatry 73:(1):6472
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  112. Rubia K, Halari R, Smith AB, Mohammad M, Scott S, Brammer MJ. 2009.. Shared and disorder-specific prefrontal abnormalities in boys with pure attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure CD during interference inhibition and attention allocation. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 50:(6):66978
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  113. Russell MA, Odgers CL. 2016.. Desistance and life-course persistence: findings from longitudinal studies using group-based trajectory modeling of antisocial behavior. . In APA Handbook of Psychology and Juvenile Justice, ed. K Heilbrun, D DeMatteo, NES Goldstein , pp. 14975. Washington, DC:: Am. Psychol. Assoc.
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Sameroff AE. 2009.. The Transactional Model of Development: How Children and Contexts Shape Each Other. Washington, DC:: Am. Psychol. Assoc.
    [Google Scholar]
  115. SAMHSA (Subst. Abuse Ment. Health Serv. Adm.). 2011.. Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program, evaluation findingsannual report to Congress. Rep. , SAMHSA, US Dep. Health Hum. Serv., Washington, DC:
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Scaramella LV, Leve LD. 2004.. Clarifying parent–child reciprocities during early childhood: the early childhood coercion model. . Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. 7::89107
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  117. Schoorl J, van Rijn S, de Wied M, Van Goozen SH, Swaab H. 2018.. Boys with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder show impaired adaptation during stress: an executive functioning study. . Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 49:(2):298307
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  118. Schumann G, Loth E, Banaschewski T, Barbot A, Barker G, et al. 2010.. The IMAGEN study: reinforcement-related behaviour in normal brain function and psychopathology. . Mol. Psychiatry 15:(12):112839
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  119. Shaked D, Millman ZB, Moody DLB, Rosenberger WF, Shao H, et al. 2019.. Sociodemographic disparities in corticolimbic structures. . PLOS ONE 14:(5):e0216338
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  120. Shaw DS, Hyde LW, Brennan LM. 2012.. Early predictors of boys' antisocial trajectories. . Dev. Psychopathol. 24:(3):87188
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  121. Shaw DS, Mendelsohn AL, Morris-Perez PA, Krug CW. 2024.. Integrating equifinality and multifinality into the of prevention programs in early childhood: the conceptual case for use of tiered models. . Dev. Psychopathol. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457942400021X
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Sijtsema JJ, Lindenberg SM. 2018.. Peer influence in the development of adolescent antisocial behavior: advances from dynamic social network studies. . Dev. Rev. 50::14054
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  123. Suarez GL, Burt SA, Gard AM, Burton J, Clark DA, et al. 2022.. The impact of neighborhood disadvantage on amygdala reactivity: pathways through neighborhood social processes. . Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 54::101061
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  124. Suarez GL, Burt SA, Gard AM, Klump KL, Hyde LW. 2024.. Exposure to community violence as a mechanism linking neighborhood disadvantage to amygdala reactivity and the protective role of parental nurturance. . Dev. Psychol. 60:(4):595609
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  125. Takahashi Y, Pease CR, Pingault JB, Viding E. 2021.. Genetic and environmental influences on the developmental trajectory of callous-unemotional traits from childhood to adolescence. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 62:(4):41423
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  126. Taylor RL, Cooper SR, Jackson JJ, Barch DM. 2020.. Assessment of neighborhood poverty, cognitive function, and prefrontal and hippocampal volumes in children. . JAMA Netw. Open 3:(11):e2023774
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  127. Teicher MH, Samson JA. 2016.. Annual research review: enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 57:(3):24166
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  128. Tielbeek JJ, Uffelmann E, Williams BS, Colodro-Conde L, Gagnon É, et al. 2022.. Uncovering the genetic architecture of broad antisocial behavior through a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. . Mol. Psychiatry 27:(11):445363
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  129. Tillem S, Chang SAA, Baskin-Sommers A. 2020.. Comparison of socio-affective processing across subtypes of antisocial psychopathology. . In The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy and Science of Punishment, ed. F Focquaert, E Shaw, BN Waller , pp. 288302. New York:: Routledge
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Tillem S, Dotterer HL, Goetschius LG, Lopez-Duran N, Mitchell C, et al. 2023.. Antisocial behavior is associated with reduced frontoparietal network efficiency in youth. . Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 18:(1):nsad026
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  131. Tomlinson RC, Burt SA, Waller R, Jonides J, Miller AL, et al. 2020.. Neighborhood poverty predicts altered neural and behavioral response inhibition. . NeuroImage 209::116536
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  132. Tomlinson RC, Hyde LW, Dotterer HL, Klump KL, Burt SA. 2022.. Parenting moderates the etiology of callous-unemotional traits in middle childhood. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 63:(8):91220
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  133. Trentacosta CJ, Davis-Kean P, Mitchell C, Hyde L, Dolinoy D. 2016.. Environmental contaminants and child development. . Child Dev. Perspect. 10:(4):22833
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  134. Trentacosta CJ, Waller R, Neiderhiser JM, Shaw DS, Natsuaki MN, et al. 2018.. Callous-unemotional behaviors and harsh parenting: reciprocal associations across early childhood and moderation by inherited risk. . J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 47::81123
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  135. van Goozen SHM, Langley K, Hobson CW. 2022.. Childhood antisocial behavior: a neurodevelopmental problem. . Annu. Rev. Psychol. 73::35377
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  136. Varnum ME, Kitayama S. 2017.. The neuroscience of social class. . Curr. Opin. Psychol. 18::14751
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  137. Viding E, Blair RJR, Moffitt TE, Plomin R. 2005.. Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7-year-olds. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 46:(6):59297
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  138. Viding E, Fontaine NMG, McCrory EJ. 2012a.. Antisocial behaviour in children with and without callous-unemotional traits. . J. R. Soc. Med. 105:(5):195200
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  139. Viding E, McCrory E, Baskin-Sommers A, DeBrito S, Frick PJ. 2023.. An ‘embedded brain’ approach to understanding antisocial behaviour. . Trends Cogn. Sci. 28:(2):15971
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  140. Viding E, McCrory EJ. 2012.. Genetic and neurocognitive contributions to the development of psychopathy. . Dev. Psychopathol. 24:(3):96983 Provides an overview of the genetic and neurocognitive correlates of CU traits.
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  141. Viding E, Sebastian CL, Dadds MR, Lockwood PL, Cecil CAM, et al. 2012b.. Amygdala response to preattentive masked fear in children with conduct problems: the role of callous-unemotional traits. . Am. J. Psychiatry 169:(10):110916
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  142. Villanueva K, Badland H, Kvalsvig A, O'Connor M, Christian H, et al. 2016.. Can the neighborhood built environment make a difference in children's development? Building the research agenda to create evidence for place-based children's policy. . Acad. Pediatr. 16:(1):1019
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  143. Wakschlag LS, Tolan PH, Leventhal BL. 2010.. Research review: ‘ain't misbehavin’: towards a developmentally-specified nosology for preschool disruptive behavior. . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 51:(1):322
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  144. Waller R, Dotterer HL, Hyde LW. 2015.. An imaging gene by environment interaction (IG×E) approach to understanding youth antisocial behavior. . In Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource, ed. RA Scott, SM Kosslyn. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0012
    [Google Scholar]
  145. Waller R, Dotterer HL, Murray L, Maxwell AM, Hyde LW. 2017.. White-matter tract abnormalities and antisocial behavior: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies across development. . NeuroImage Clin. 14::20115
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  146. Waller R, Hyde LW, Klump KL, Burt SA. 2018.. Parenting is an environmental predictor of callous-unemotional traits and aggression: a monozygotic twin differences study. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 57:(12):95563
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  147. Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ. 2003.. The incredible years parents, teachers and children training series: a multifaceted treatment approach for young children with conduct problems. . In Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents, ed. AE Kazdin, JR Weisz , pp. 22440. New York:: Guilford Press
    [Google Scholar]
  148. Wertz J, Caspi A, Belsky DW, Beckley AL, Arseneault L, et al. 2018.. Genetics and crime: integrating new genomic discoveries into psychological research about antisocial behavior. . Psychol. Sci. 29:(5):791803
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  149. Westerman H, Suarez GL, Burt SA, Richmond-Rakerd L, Nusslock R, et al. 2024.. Exposure to community violence as a mechanism linking neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and neural responses to reward. . Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 19:(1):nsae029
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  150. Wright AG, Woods WC. 2020.. Personalized models of psychopathology. . Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 16::4974
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  151. Younan D, Tuvblad C, Li L, Wu J, Lurmann F, et al. 2016.. Environmental determinants of aggression in adolescents: role of urban neighborhood greenspace. . J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 55:(7):591601
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  152. Young SE, Friedman NP, Miyake A, Willcutt EG, Corley RP, et al. 2009.. Behavioral disinhibition: liability for externalizing spectrum disorders and its genetic and environmental relation to response inhibition across adolescence. . J. Abnorm. Psychol. 118:(1):11730
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  153. Zhou J, Yao N, Fairchild G, Cao X, Zhang Y, et al. 2016.. Disrupted default mode network connectivity in male adolescents with conduct disorder. . Brain Imaging Behav. 10:(4):9951003
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-045355
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-045355
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error