1932
0

Annual Review of Entomology

Volume 70, 2025

Biological Control of Aphids in China: Successes and Prospects

  • Tong-Xian Liu1 and Xue-Xin Chen2
  • 1Institute of Entomology and Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; email: [email protected] 2State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, and Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Control Technology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
  • Vol. 70:401-419 (Volume publication date January 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on November 05, 2024
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects, and many are notorious pests of field crops, vegetables, fruit trees, ornamental plants, and trees. In China, there is an increasing emphasis on utilizing biological control agents, including aphidopathogenics, and selective pesticides for the management of aphids. In particular, preventive integrated pest management strategies with early interventions reduce the financial and environmental costs associated with treatments of outbreaks. Decades of progress have proved that biological control is a cost-effective and environmentally safe control option. Here, we review the history and progress of aphid control, with an emphasis on major natural enemies, mass-rearing, and conservation, and provide two successful cases, constraints, and future perspectives on aphid biological control in China.

Keyword(s): aphids, biological control, China, pest management
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-ento-121423-012130
2025-01-28
2025-06-23
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ento/70/1/annurev-ento-121423-012130.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-ento-121423-012130&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. 1.
    Ali A, Desneux N, Lu YH, Wu KM. 2018.. Key aphid natural enemies showing positive effects on wheat yield through biocontrol services in northern China. . Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 266::1–9
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  2. 2.
    Ali I, Zhang S, Luo JY, Wang CY, Lv LM, et al. 2016.. Artificial diet development and its effect on the reproductive performances of Propylea japonica and Harmonia axyridis. . J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 19::289–93
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  3. 3.
    Bao JZ, Gu DX, eds. 1998.. Biological Control in China. Taiyuan, China:: Shanxi Sci. Technol. Publ. House. 664 pp. ( in Chinese with detailed contents in English ) 3. A comprehensive summary of biological control of major pests in China.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. 4.
    Boivin G, Hance T, Brodeur J. 2012.. Aphid parasitoids in biological control. . Can. J. Plant Sci. 92:(1):1–12
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  5. 5.
    Bu WJ, Zheng LY. Fauna Sinica Insecta, Volume 24: Hemiptera Lasiochilidae Lyctocoridae Anthocorida. Beijing:: Science. 267 pp .
     [Google Scholar]
  6. 6.
    Cai ZP, Ouyang F, Chen J, Yang Q, Desneux N, et al. 2021.. Biological control of Aphis spiraecola in apples using an insectary plant that attracts and sustains predators. . Biol. Control 155::104532
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  7. 7.
    Cai ZP, Ouyang F, Zhang XR, Chen J, Xiao YL, et al. 2021.. Biological control of Aphis spiraecola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using three different flowering plants in apple orchards. . J. Econ. Entomol. 114::1128–37
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  8. 8.
    Cao AH, Zhang LW. 1994.. Tests on rearing predacious coccinellid on Trichogramma pupae. . Nat. Enemies Insects 16::1–5
     [Google Scholar]
  9. 9.
    Chen MH, Han ZJ, Wang R. 2005.. A preliminary study on the effects of cold storage on the pupae of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead. . Plant Prot. 31:(2):41–43
     [Google Scholar]
  10. 10.
    Chen P, Liu J, Chi BJ, Li DC, Li JY, et al. 2020.. Effect of different diets on the growth and development of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). . J. Appl. Entomol. 144:(10):911–19
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  11. 11.
    Chen X, Jaworski CC, Dai H, Liang Y, Guo X, et al. 2021.. Combining banker plants to achieve long-term pest control in multi-pest and multi-natural enemy cropping systems. . J. Pest Sci. 95::685–97
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  12. 12.
    Chen XX, Du YJ, Huang JH, Li S, Jiang DH, et al. 2023.. Recent progresses in biological control of crop pathogens and insect pests in China. . Plant Prot. 49:(5):340–70 ( in Chinese with English summary ) 12. A relatively comprehensive review of biological control of some major plant diseases and pest insects in China.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. 13.
    Chen XX, Liu YQ, Ren SX, Zhang F, Zhang WQ, et al. 2014.. Plant-mediated support system for natural enemies of insect pests. . Chin. J. Appl. Entomol. 51:(1):1–12
     [Google Scholar]
  14. 14.
    Chen XX, van Achterberg C. 2019.. Systematics, phylogeny and evolution of braconid wasps: 30 years of progress. . Annu. Rev. Entomol. 64::335–58
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  15. 15.
    Chen ZZ, Li MG, Guo YN, Yin XC, Zhang F, et al. 2013.. Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the post-diapause biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) adults in different overwintering periods. . Sci. Agric. Sin. 46::1610–18
     [Google Scholar]
  16. 16.
    Cheng HK, Zhao JH, Xie M, Wei SX, Song XP, et al. 1992.. Tests on the effect of releasing Aphidoletes aphidimyza [Dip.: Cecidomyiidae] to control the aphid, Myzus persicae in greenhouses and plastic tunnels. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 8::97–100
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 17.
    Cheng Y, Zhi JR, Li FL, Jin J, Zhou YH. 2018.. An artificial diet for continuous maintenance of Coccinella septempunctata adults (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). . Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 28:(3):242–52
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  18. 18.
    Cheng Y, Zhi JR, Li FL, Li WH, Zhou YH. 2018.. Improving the artificial diet for adult of seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with orthogonal design. . Bull. Entomol. Res. 108::337–43
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  19. 19.
    Cheng YQ, Fan JJ, Shi ZH, Yang ZX, Hu QL, et al. 2019.. Morphological and biological studies of Betasyrphus serarius Wiedemann -- the natural enemy of Toxoptera irulenc Boyer. . Tea Commun. 46::177–84
     [Google Scholar]
  20. 20.
    Dang GR, Zhang Y, Chen HY, Zhang LS, Wang MQ, et al. 2012.. Effect of different artificial diets on the development and fecundity of the green lacewing Chrysopa pallens (Rambur). . Sci. Agric. Sin. 45:(23):4818–25
     [Google Scholar]
  21. 21.
    Dong K, Dong Y, Li XY, Luo YZ. 2004.. Influence of different aphids as prey on the development of Episyrphus balteatus. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 20::134–35
     [Google Scholar]
  22. 22.
    Du YZ, Chen XZ. 1993.. Influence of different aphid prey on the development of Metasyrphus corollae (Dip.: Syrphidae). . Chin. J. Biol. Control 9::111–13
     [Google Scholar]
  23. 23.
    Duan P, Wu DH, Hu XC, He ML, Shen ZX, et al. 2022.. Predation capacity and preferences of Orius similis Zheng for three aphid species. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 38::149–58
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 24.
    Fang Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Wang S, Jin ZY, et al. 2021.. Effect of nectar plant Cosmos bipinnata on the population dynamics of predatory natural enemies. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 37:(5):877–84
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 25.
    Fei XD, Li C, Zhang QW, Zhao ZW. 2012.. The effects of wheat planted adjacent to rape and wheat monoculture on the functional group of arthropods in wheat fields. . Plant Prot. 38(1)::44–49
     [Google Scholar]
  26. 26.
    Feng MG, Tang QY, Hu GC, Huang SW. 1996.. Susceptibility of seven species of aphids to a Beauveria bassiana isolate: analysis of time-dose-mortality model. . J. Basic Sci. Eng. 4::22–33
     [Google Scholar]
  27. 27.
    Fu L, Liu A. 2021.. China Statistical Yearbook - 2021. Beijing:: China Stat. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  28. 28.
    Ge F, Guan X, Xiao YL, Men X, Ouyang F. 2016.. Ecological effect of regional agricultural landscape pattern on wheat aphids and their natural enemies. . Sci. Sin. Vitae 46::139–50
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  29. 29.
    Guo H, Meng L, Wang YB, Zheng L, Li B. 2014.. Oviposition behavior of the predatory midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza in response to aphid patch quality. . J. Insect Behav. 27::816–25
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  30. 30.
    Guo JY, Wu M, Wan FH. 2002.. Effects of cold storage on the adults and eggs of Orius sauteri. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 18:(1):10–12
     [Google Scholar]
  31. 31.
    Harris KM. 1973.. Aphidophagous Cecidomyiidae (Diptera): taxonomy, biology and assessments of field populations. . Bull. Entomol. Res. 63:(2):305–25
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  32. 32.
    Huang CM, Cheng XY. 2012.. Fauna Sinica Insecta, Volume 50: Diptera Syrphidae. Beijing:: Science. 852 pp.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. 33.
    Huang J. 1994.. Systematic Studies on Aphelinidae of China (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Contributions of the Biological Control Research Institute, Fujian Agric. Univ. Spec. Publ. No 5 . Chongqing, China:: Chongqing Publ. House
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 34.
    Huang N, Enkegaard A, Osborne LS, Ramakers PMJ, Messelink GJ, et al. 2011.. The banker plant method in biological control. . Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 30::259–78
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  35. 35.
    Jiao LSE. 2010.. Assisted migration technologies of the ladybugs in the apple orchard. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 26:(2):224–26
     [Google Scholar]
  36. 36.
    Ju Q, Ouyang F, Gu SM, Qiao F, Yang QF, et al. 2019.. Strip intercropping peanut with maize for peanut aphid biological control and yield enhancement. . Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 286::106682
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  37. 37.
    Lai RQ, Hu HQ, Wu XT, Bai JJ, Gu G, et al. 2019.. Intercropping oilseed rape as a potential relay crop for enhancing the biological control of green peach aphids and aphid-transmitted virus diseases. . Entomol. Exp. Appl. 167::969–76
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  38. 38.
    Lai Y, Liu XY. 2020.. The natural enemy species of Chrysopidae from China and their applications in biological control: a review. . J. Plant Prot. 47::1169–87
     [Google Scholar]
  39. 39.
    Landis DA, Wratten SD, Gurr GM. 2000.. Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. . Annu. Rev. Entomol. 45::175–201
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  40. 40.
    Li CJ, Li J, Zhang JF, Zhao J, Xing XX, et al. 2021.. Effects of different diets on growing development and reproduction of Orius sauteri. . Guizhou Agric. Sci. 49:(11):63–69
     [Google Scholar]
  41. 41.
    Li GP, Ma L, Feng HQ, Qiu F. 2010.. Rearing successive generations of Chrysoperla nippoensis larva (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on a semisolid artificial diet. . J. Environ. Entomol. 1::85–89
     [Google Scholar]
  42. 42.
    Li H, Wyckhuys KAG, Wu K. 2023.. Hoverflies provide pollination and biological pest control in greenhouse-grown horticultural crops. . Front. Plant Sci. 14::1118388
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  43. 43.
    Li JH, Wu YK, Zhang Q, Li HQ, Pan HS, et al. 2018.. Aphid parasitism and parasitoid diversity in cotton fields in Xinjiang, China. . PLOS ONE 13::11
     [Google Scholar]
  44. 44.
    Li S, Lao SB, Wang S, Guo XJ, Zhang F. 2014.. Control effect of Orius sauteri collaborated with Encarsia formosa on Bemisia tabaci in the greenhouse. . J. Environ. Entomol. 36::978–82
     [Google Scholar]
  45. 45.
    Li S, Wang J, Guo X, Tian R, Wang S, et al. 2019.. Research progress and prospects of Chrysopa pattens (Rambur) (Hemiptera: Chrysopidae). . J. Environ. Entomol. 41::241–52
     [Google Scholar]
  46. 46.
    Li TM, Chen WL, Zhao RN, Guo F, Jiang L, et al. 2020.. Control effect of the banker plant system of Raphanus sativus-Lipaphis erysimi-Aphidius gifuensis on Myzus persicae in the field. . China Plant Prot. 40:(9):51–55
     [Google Scholar]
  47. 47.
    Li WY, Xuan WJ, Wang HT, Sheng CF, Miao CZ. 2005.. Review of entomogenous fungi infecting aphids in China. . Chin. Bull. Entomol. 42:(1):31–35
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  48. 48.
    Li XR, Hu C, Xin YF. 1999.. Artificial induction of Aphidius gifuensis diapause. . J. Zhejiang Univ. (Agric. Life Sci. Ed.) 4::435–38
     [Google Scholar]
  49. 49.
    Li YY, Zhang LS, Liu CX, Wang MQ, Mao JJ, et al. 2019.. A packaging and storage product for Chrysopa formosa. . China Patent CN110583582A
  50. 50.
    Lin QC, Zhai YF, Chen H, Yin YY, Sun M, et al. 2017.. Predatory capacity of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani). . Chin. J. Biol. Control 33:(2/3):171–75 50. A detailed study of predation capacity and behavior of the gall midge on corn aphid.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. 51.
    Lin RH, Liang HB, Zhang RZ, Tian C, Ma Y. 2003.. Impact of alfalfa/cotton intercropping and management on some aphid predators in China. . J. Appl. Entomol. 127::33–36
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  52. 52.
    Liu C, Liu HL, Wu XL, Xiao KJ, He HG, et al. 2022.. Effects of artificial diet on the biological characteristics of the ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata. . Entomol. Res. 52:(4):223–31
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  53. 53.
    Liu YF, Zhao WH, Yang F, Xie MQ, Chen SY. 2020.. An analysis of predatory insects in farmlands in China based on the CNKI database: future potential and current application. . Chin. J. Appl. Entomol. 57::70–79
     [Google Scholar]
  54. 54.
    Liu YQ, Feng MG, Liu SS, Zhang BX. 2000.. Effect of temperature on virulence of Beauveria bassiana against Myzus persicae. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 16::56–60
     [Google Scholar]
  55. 55.
    Liu Z, Huang XL, Jiang LY, Qiao GX. 2009.. The species diversity and geographic distribution of aphids in China (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea). . Acta Zootaxomica Sin. 34:(2):277–91
     [Google Scholar]
  56. 56.
    Liu Z, Xu HF, Kong FH, Sun ZB, Zhu BZ. 2009.. Study on the optimum cold storage conditions for adults of Harmonia axyridis Pallas. . Shandong Agric. Sci. 6::64–67
     [Google Scholar]
  57. 57.
    Lu YH, Liu Y, Yan XM, Jing YP, Hu G, et al. 2023.. Advances in integrated management of agricultural insect pests in China: 2018–2022. . Plant Prot. 49:(5):145–66
     [Google Scholar]
  58. 58.
    Lü XD, Liu SC, Jia HR, Han LC. 2015.. Present situation and progress on artificial diets for Harmonia axyridis. . Shanxi For. Sci. Technol. 44:(3):35–36
     [Google Scholar]
  59. 59.
    Lü ZZ, Perkins LE, Li JB, Wu WY, Zalucki MP, et al. 2015.. Abundance of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera; Aphididae) and its main predators in organic and conventional cotton fields in north-west China. . Ann. Appl. Biol. 166::249–56
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  60. 60.
    Ma KZ, Hao SG, Zhao H-Y, Kang L. 2007.. Strip cropping wheat and alfalfa to improve the biological control of the wheat aphid Macrosiphum avenae by the mite Allothrombium ovatum. . Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 119::49–52
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  61. 61.
    Ma XM, Liu XX, Zhang QW, Zhao JZ, Cai QN, et al. 2006.. Assessment of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii, and their natural enemies on aphid-resistant and aphid-susceptible wheat varieties in a wheat-cotton relay intercropping system. . Entomol. Exp. Appl. 121::235–41
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  62. 62.
    Mei XX, Song HW, Lu SH, Yuan GJ, Ma JQ. 2007.. Maintenance test on Harmonia axyridis adults under the cold storage with artificial diet feeded. . J. Anhui Agric. Sci. 35:(35):11496
     [Google Scholar]
  63. 63.
    Men X, Ge F, Yardim E, Parajulee M. 2004.. Evaluation of winter wheat as a potential relay crop for enhancing biological control of cotton aphids in seedling cotton. . BioControl 49::701–14
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  64. 64.
    Noyes JS. 2019.. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. . Natural History Museum. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids
    [Google Scholar]
  65. 65.
    Obrycki JJ, Harwood JD, Kring TJ, O'Neil RJ. 2009.. Aphidophagy by Coccinellidae: application of biological control in agroecosystems. . Biol. Control 51::244–54
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  66. 66.
    Oswald JD, Machado RJP. 2018.. Biodiversity of the Neuropterida (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera). Insect Biodivers. . Sci. Soc. 2::e672
     [Google Scholar]
  67. 67.
    Ouyang F, Su WW, Zhang YS, Liu XH, Su JW, et al. 2020.. Ecological control service of the predatory natural enemy and its maintaining mechanism in rotation-intercropping ecosystem via wheat-maize-cotton. . Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 301::107024 67. Described how to use rotation and intercropping of wheat, maize, and cotton for maintaining predatory natural enemies.
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  68. 68.
    Pan MZ, Wei YY, Wang FR, Liu TX. 2020.. Influence of plant species on biological control effectiveness of Myzus persicae by Aphidius gifuensis. . Crop. Prot. 135::10523
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  69. 69.
    Pan MZ, Zhang Y, Cao HH, Wang XX, Liu TX. 2022.. Research progresses, application, and prospects of aphid biological control in China. . J. Plant Prot. 49::146–72 69. Reviewed some progress of aphid biological control in China with limited aspects in vegetable crops.
     [Google Scholar]
  70. 70.
    Pang H. 1996.. The use of predaceous coccinellids. . Nat. Enemies Insects 18(S4)::32–38
     [Google Scholar]
  71. 71.
    Que JS, Bai CL, Huang K, Chen HX, Li HG, et al. 2018.. Production and application technology of Aphidius gifuensis (II): collection and packaging technology for mummified aphid. . J. South. Agric. 49::1125–29
     [Google Scholar]
  72. 72.
    Que JS, Bai CL, Huang K, Chen HX, Zhou HY, et al. 2018.. Production and application technology of Aphidius gifuensis (III): techniques of cold storage in mummified A. gifuensis products. . J. South. Agric. 49::1782–86 72. Provided details on how to store and maintain mummified parasitoid A. gifuensis under cold conditions.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. 73.
    Ruan CC, Du WM, Wang XM, Zhang JJ, Zang LS. 2012.. Effect of long-term cold storage on the fitness of pre-wintering Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). . BioControl 57::95–102
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  74. 74.
    Song YQ, Sun HZ, Du J, Wang XD, Cheng ZJ. 2017.. Evaluation of Aphis glycines as an alternative host for supporting Aphelinus albipodus against Myzus persicae on Capsicum annuum cv. Ox Horn and Hejiao 13. . Neotrop. Entomol. 46::193–202
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  75. 75.
    Sun HZ, Wang XD, Chen YG, Wang HT, Li SJ, et al. 2017.. Wheat and barley as banker plant in the mass production of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Homoptera: Aphididae). . J. Plant Dis. Prot. 124::305–11
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  76. 76.
    Sun M, Zheng L, Zhai YF, Yu Y, Lü B, et al. 2016.. An invention relates to a product packaging device for predatory natural enemies of insects. China Patent CN205397051U
    [Google Scholar]
  77. 77.
    Sun XQ, Chen WL, Chen ZB, Zhao J, He JL. 1995.. Preliminary test of controlling together aphids on strawberry and pot marigold with Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). . J. Shanghai Agric. Coll. 13::232–33
     [Google Scholar]
  78. 78.
    Sun Y, Wan FH, Ji JH, Liu JF. 2001.. On the application feasibility of pupal Trichogramma from artificial eggs for mass rearing Coccinella septempunctata. . Acta Phytophylacica Sin. 28:(2):139–45
     [Google Scholar]
  79. 79.
    Sun YX, Hao YN, Zhou JJ, Liu CZ, Wang SS. 2022.. Effects of long-term cold storage on maternal and progeny fitness of laboratory-reared Harmonia axyridis adults. . BioControl 67::395–405
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  80. 80.
    Tan XL, Wang S, Liu TX. 2014.. Acceptance and suitability of four plant substrates for rearing Orius sauteri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). . Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 24::291–302
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  81. 81.
    Tian J, Ren BZ. 2019.. A conspectus of Syrphidae. . J. Jilin Agric. Univ. 41::1–10
     [Google Scholar]
  82. 82.
    Wan NF, Ji XY, Gu XJ, Jiang JX, Wu JH, et al. 2014.. Ecological engineering of ground cover vegetation promotes biocontrol services in peach orchards. . Ecol. Eng. 64::62–65
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  83. 83.
    Wang FH, Zhou WR, Wang R. 1998.. Biology of the Orius sauteri and its artificial reproduction. . Nat. Enemies Insects 20::43–45
     [Google Scholar]
  84. 84.
    Wang G, Ji XL, Wang WL, Liu Y. 2010.. Community dynamics of wheat aphid natural enemies in wheat-oilseed rape or wheat-garlic intercropping fields. . J. Environ. Entomol. 32::295–98
     [Google Scholar]
  85. 85.
    Wang GP, Zhang F, Sun QT, Gao M. 2005.. Research advances in mass-rearing of Orius spp. . Nat. Enemies Insects 27:(2):83–90
     [Google Scholar]
  86. 86.
    Wang J, Li S, Yang J, Guo M, Dai H, et al. 2021.. The fitness of mass rearing food on the establishment of Chrysopa pallens in a banker plant system under fluctuating temperature conditions. . Insects 12:(11):1014
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  87. 87.
    Wang JY, Liu YY, Han SN, Ye ZP, Chen JY. 2022.. Discovery and bionomic notes of Orius maxidentex Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) from Hainan, China. . Chin. J. Trop. Crops 43::1899–906
     [Google Scholar]
  88. 88.
    Wang LH. 1986.. Mass rearing and utilization in biological control of the lady beetle Leis axyridis (Palla). . Acta Entomol. Sin. 29:(1):104
     [Google Scholar]
  89. 89.
    Wang LN, Chen HY, Zhang LS, Wang SY, Yang HX. 2008.. Improved formulations of an artificial diet for larvae of Propylea japonica. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 24:(4):306–11
     [Google Scholar]
  90. 90.
    Wang R, Zhou XM, Tan J, Wang CJ, Xia PL, et al. 2013.. A method using artificial diets for mass rearing of Harmonia axyridis. . China Patent CN102948401A
  91. 91.
    Wang S, Tan XL, Xu HX, Zhang F. 2012.. Interspecific competition among three predacious ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). . Sci. Agric. Sin. 45::3980–87
     [Google Scholar]
  92. 92.
    Wang W, Zhang LS, Chen HY, Li YY, Zhang J. 2011.. Research progress in diapause of the lady beetles. . Plant Prot. 37:(5):27–33
     [Google Scholar]
  93. 93.
    Wang X, Goulson D, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhao W, et al. 2020.. Occurrence of neonicotinoids in Chinese apiculture and a corresponding risk exposure assessment. . Environ. Sci. Technol. 54:(8):5021–30
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  94. 94.
    Wang XM, Chen XS. 2023.. Illustrated Handbook of Ladybird Beetles in China. Fuzhou, China:: Straits Publ. Distrib. Group. 528 pp.
     [Google Scholar]
  95. 95.
    Wei JN, Bai BB, Yin TS, Wang Y, Yang Y, et al. 2015.. Development and use of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae & Aphelinidae) for biological control of aphids in China. . Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 15::533–51
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  96. 96.
    Wei JN, Li T, Kuang RP, Wang Y, Yin TS, et al. 2003.. Mass rearing of Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) for biological control of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). . Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 13:(1):87–97
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  97. 97.
    Wu XH, Zhou XR, Pang BP. 2010.. Influence of five host plants of Aphis gossypii Glover on some population parameters of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze). . J. Pest Sci. 83::77–83
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  98. 98.
    Xia J. 1997.. Biological control of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) in cotton (inter) cropping systems in China: a simulation study. Doctoral Thesis , Wageningen Univ. Res., The Neth.:
     [Google Scholar]
  99. 99.
    Xiang JY, Xie B, Yang YD, Yang Y, Yi M, et al. 2015.. A collection bottle for Aphidius gifuensis. . China Patent CN204860627U
  100. 100.
    Xie HC, Chen JL, Cheng DF, Zhou HB, Sun JR, et al. 2012.. Impact of wheat-mung bean intercropping on English grain aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations and its natural enemy. . J. Econ. Entomol. 105::854–59
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  101. 101.
    Xin YF, Li XR, Wang HP, Wang GQ, Tang YH. 2001.. Studies on the use of radish seedling to propagate peach aphid for mass rearing Aphidius gifuensis. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 2::49–52
     [Google Scholar]
  102. 102.
    Xu YY, Mou JY, Hu C. 1999.. Research and application of Chrysoperla nipponensis. . Entomol. Knowl. 36::313–15
     [Google Scholar]
  103. 103.
    Xue ZX, Peng TX, Liu B, Liu YT, Zhang ZJ, et al. 2022.. Licorice strips enhance predator-mediated biological control in China's cotton crop. . Pest Manag. Sci. 79::781–91
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  104. 104.
    Yang F, Wu YK, Xu L, Wang Q, Yao ZW, et al. 2017.. Species composition and richness of aphid parasitoid wasps in cotton fields in northern China. . Sci. Rep. 7:(1):9799
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  105. 105.
    Yang F, Xu L, Wu YK, Wang Q, Yao ZW, et al. 2017.. Species composition and seasonal dynamics of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in wheat fields in northern China. . Sci. Rep. 7::13989
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  106. 106.
    Yang LW, Wang S, Zhang ZY, Zhang F. 2014.. Preliminary researches in mass rearing of predatory natural enemy insect Orius sauteri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). . J. Environ. Entomol. 36::971–77
     [Google Scholar]
  107. 107.
    Yang NW, Zang LS, Wang S, Guo JY, Xu HY, et al. 2014.. Biological pest management by predators and parasitoids in the greenhouse vegetables in China. . Biol. Control 68::92–102
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  108. 108.
    Yang PY, Zhao ZH, Shen ZR. 2014.. Experiences with implementation and adoption of integrated pest management in China. . In Integrated Pest Management, ed. R Peshin, D Pimentel , pp. 307–30. Dordrecht, Neth:.: Springer
     [Google Scholar]
  109. 109.
    Yang QF, Li Z, Ouyang F, Men XY, Zhang KN, et al. 2023.. Flower strips promote natural enemies, provide efficient aphid biocontrol, and reduce insecticide requirement in cotton crops. . Entomol. Gen. 43:(2):421–32
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  110. 110.
    Yang S, Wei JN, Yang SY, Kuang RP. 2011.. Current status and future trends of augmentative release of Aphidius gifuensis for control of Myzus persicae in China's Yunnan Province. . J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 13:(3):87–99
     [Google Scholar]
  111. 111.
    Yang S, Yang SY, Zhang CP, Wei JN, Kuang RP. 2009.. Population dynamics of Myzus persicae on tobacco in Yunnan Province, China, before and after augmentative releases of Aphidius gifuensis. . Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 19::219–28
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  112. 112.
    Ye JW, Dai JQ, Li J, Li ZG, Lu YY, et al. 2015.. Development and reproduction of Mallada basalis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on artificial diets. . Fla. Entomol. 98:(4):1072–76
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  113. 113.
    Yin Z, Li ZC, Cao ZW, Wang YP, Zhu JL, et al. 2014.. Progress of artificial propagation of Orius sauteri (Poppius) and its utilization. . China Plant Prot. 34:(6):19–22
     [Google Scholar]
  114. 114.
    Yu DK, van Achterberg C, Horstman K. 2016.. Taxapad 2016. Ichneumonoidea 2015. [ database on flash-drive ]. Ontario, Canada:
     [Google Scholar]
  115. 115.
    Yu GY. 2010.. Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). Beijing:: Chemical Ind. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  116. 116.
    Yu L, Zheng LX, Zhang CQ, Zhang ZG, Wei HY. 2016.. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on diapause of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead. . Tob. Sci. Technol. 49:(11):21–25
     [Google Scholar]
  117. 117.
    Yu XF, Han XB, Song DM, Wang XQ, Chen TZ, et al. 2018.. Technical regulations for industrialized propagation of Aphidoletes aphidimyza. . Guizhou Agric. Sci. 46:(5):38–40
     [Google Scholar]
  118. 118.
    Yu XL, Feng Y, Feng ZJ, Chana P, Zhu GX, et al. 2020.. Effects of mummy consumption on fitness and oviposition site selection on Harmonia axyridis. . Insect Sci. 27:(5):1101–10
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  119. 119.
    Yu Y, Cheng Y, Zhou YH, Li FL. 2022.. Effects of various components of artificial diets on survival, development and reproduction of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). . Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 32::1122–31
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  120. 120.
    Yu YB, Yang SY, Gu XH, Tian ZH, Liu CM, et al. 2019.. Code of practice for Myzus persicae (Sulzer) biological control with Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead). China GB/T 37506-2019, National Standard Announcement No. 6 , Beijing, China:. https://std.samr.gov.cn/ 120. The first of Code of Practice for mass-rearing of aphids and parasitoids and application procedures in the field for biological control of M. persicae on tobacco.
     [Google Scholar]
  121. 121.
    Yu YB, Yang HL, Lin ZL, Yang SY, Zhang LM, et al. 2021.. Development and area-wide application of biological control using the parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis against Myzus persicae in China. . In Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management: Development and Field Application, ed. J Hendrichs, R Pereira, MJB Vreysen , pp. 3–16. Boca Raton, FL:: CRC Press
     [Google Scholar]
  122. 122.
    Yu YB, Yang HL, Lin ZL, Zhang LM, Gu XH, et al. 2021.. A study and application of biological control technique using the parasitic natural enemy Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to control Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphidiidae) in China. . In Integrative Biological Control: Ecostacking for Enhanced Ecosystem Services, ed. Y Gao, H Hokkanen, I Menzler-Hokkanen , pp. 179–90. Cham, Switz:.: Springer
     [Google Scholar]
  123. 123.
    Zeng FR, Chen HY, eds. 2009.. The System Engineering for Rearing Insect Natural Enemies. Beijing:: China Agric. Sci. Technol. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  124. 124.
    Zhai YF, Chen H, Zheng L, Lin QC, Yin YY, et al. 2018.. A feeding method of maize aphid suitable for rearing of aphid gall midge and its application. China Patent CN107711723A
    [Google Scholar]
  125. 125.
    Zhang F, Wang SQ, Luo C, Chen YH, Li F. 2004.. Effects of the artificial diets and breeding means on growth and development of Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael. . Plant Prot. 20:(5):36–39
     [Google Scholar]
  126. 126.
    Zhang HY, Chen B, Li ZY, Yang JC, Yang J, et al. 2011.. Effect of sugarcane plants intercropped with maize on population of Ceratovacauna lanigera Zehntner and Coccinellidae. Southw. . China J. Agric. Sci. 24:(1):124–27
     [Google Scholar]
  127. 127.
    Zhang J, Zhang LS, Chen HY, Li YY, Liu Y. 2014.. Screening host aphids for mass rearing of Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). . Chin. J. Biol. Control 30:(1):32–37
     [Google Scholar]
  128. 128.
    Zhang LL, Li K, Zhang TS, Wang B. 2007.. The effect of the artificial diets on Propylea japonica growth and fecundity. . Chin. Bull. Entomol. 44:(6):871–76
     [Google Scholar]
  129. 129.
    Zhang LS, Chen HY, Li BP, eds. 2014.. Mass-Rearing and Utilization of Insect Natural Enemies. Beijing:: China Agric. Sci. Technol. Press. 420 pp.
     [Google Scholar]
  130. 130.
    Zhang LS, Chen HY, Meng MQ, Liu CX, Zhang Y. 2014.. Research prospects in diapause of parasitoid wasp. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 30:(2):149–64
     [Google Scholar]
  131. 131.
    Zhang PG, Yang ZX, Yang H, Long GY, Yu HP. 2020.. Suitability evaluation of natural enemy insect banker plants in tobacco fields. . J. Mt Agric. Biol. 39:(6):16–21
     [Google Scholar]
  132. 132.
    Zhang R, Ji D, Zhang Q, Jin L. 2021.. Evaluation of eleven plant species as potential banker plants to support predatory Orius sauteri in tea plant systems. . Insects 12:(2):162
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  133. 133.
    Zhang RZ, Liang HB, Tian CY, Zhang GX. 1999.. Biological mechanism of control of cotton aphid by alfalfa belt in cotton field margins. . Chin. Sci. Bull. 44:(20):2175–78 133. Described the details for using an alfalfa belt in cotton field margins to conserve natural enemies for control of cotton aphids; the information has been used in Case 1.
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  134. 134.
    Zhang TF, Wang R, Liu CZ. 2020.. Isolation and identification of an entomopathogenic fungus infecting Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae). . Acta Entomol. Sin. 63:(1):22–28
     [Google Scholar]
  135. 135.
    Zhang TT, Zhang GC, Zhang LS, Chen HY, Wang MQ, et al. 2019.. Effects of cold storage on quality of Chrysopa pallens and recovery of fecundity by insulin. . Sci. Rep. 9::5311
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  136. 136.
    Zhang XR, Ouyang F, Su JW, Li Z, Yuan YY, et al. 2022.. Intercropping flowering plants facilitate conservation, movement and biocontrol performance of predators in insecticide-free apple orchard. . Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 340::108157
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  137. 137.
    Zhang Y, Zhao MC, Cheng J, Liu S, Yuan HB. 2020.. Population dynamics and species composition of maize field parasitoids attacking aphids in northeastern China. . PLOS ONE 15:(12):e0241530
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  138. 138.
    Zhang YJ, Wang ZK, Yin YP, Pei Y. 2001.. Biological characteristics of three isolates of Beauveria bassiana and their virulence against wheat aphids. . J. Southw. Agric. Univ. 23::144–46
     [Google Scholar]
  139. 139.
    Zhang ZQ. 1992.. The natural enemies of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom., Aphididae) in China. . J. Appl. Entomol. 114::251–62
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  140. 140.
    Zhao ZH, Hui C, Hardev S, Ouyang F, Dong Z, et al. 2014.. Responses of cereal aphids and their parasitic wasps to landscape complexity. . J. Econ. Entomol. 107::630–37
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  141. 141.
    Zhao ZH, Sandhu HS, Gao F, He DH. 2015.. Shifts in natural enemy assemblages resulting from landscape simplification account for biocontrol loss in wheat fields. . Ecol. Res. 30::493–98
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  142. 142.
    Zheng Y, Tang B. 1989.. Field release and recovery of an introduced aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hym.: Braconidae) in Shaanxi. . Chin. J. Biol. Control 5::68–70
     [Google Scholar]
  143. 143.
    Zheng YS, Dong DZ, Yang HF. 1987.. Aphidiidae species of wheat aphids in China. . Nat. Enemies Insects 9::94–99
     [Google Scholar]
  144. 144.
    Zheng YS, Zhang XY, Wang ZH. 1985.. Aphidiidae species of cotton in China. . Entomol. Knowl. 22::175–80
     [Google Scholar]
  145. 145.
    Zhou HB, Chen L, Chen JL, Francis F, Haubruge E, et al. 2013.. Adaptation of wheat-pea intercropping pattern in China to reduce Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) occurrence by promoting natural enemies. . Agroecol. Sustain. Food Syst. 37::1001–16
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  146. 146.
    Zhou HB, Chen JL, Liu Y, Francis F, Haubruge E, et al. 2013.. Influence of garlic intercropping or active emitted volatiles in releasers on aphid and related beneficial in wheat fields in China. . J. Integr. Agric. 12::467–73
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  147. 147.
    Zhou WR, Wang R. 1989.. Research on rearing natural and artificial diets for rearing Orius. . Biol. Control Bull. 5:(1):9–12
     [Google Scholar]
  148. 148.
    Zhou WR, Wang R, Qiu SB. 1991.. Using soybean sprout as oviposition substrate for reproduction of Orius sauteri. . Biol. Control Bull. 7:(1):7–9
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-ento-121423-012130
Loading

Supplemental Materials

  • Supplemental Tables

file format pdf download PDF

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error