1932

Abstract

This article begins with a review and synthesis of some of the key theories, scholars, case examples, debates, methods, and (multiple) interpretations of environmental justice (EJ), as well as its expansion and globalization. We then look to some newly emerging themes, actions, and strategies for EJ and just sustainabilities. First, we look at the practices and materials of everyday life, illustrated by food and energy movements; second, the ongoing work on community and the importance of identity and attachment, informed by urban planning, food, and climate concerns; third, the growing interest in the relationship between human practices and communities and nonhuman nature. We also expand on the longstanding interest in just sustainabilities within this movement, illustrated by a wide range of concerns with food, energy, and climate justice. These new areas of work illustrate both recent developments and a set of paths forward for both the theory and practice of EJ.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-090052
2016-10-17
2024-10-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/energy/41/1/annurev-environ-110615-090052.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-090052&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Barry-Jester AM.1.  2016. What went wrong in Flint. FiveThirtyEight Jan. 26. http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/what-went-wrong-in-flint-water-crisis-michigan/ [Google Scholar]
  2. 2. US Census Bureau 2016. QuickFacts Flint city, Michigan http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/26,2629000,00 [Google Scholar]
  3. Posner EA, Weisbach D. 3.  2010. Climate Change Justice Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  4. 4. Press Trust India 2015. Paris agreement a victory of ‘climate justice’, says Modi. The Hindu Dec. 13. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/paris-agreement-a-victory-of-climate-justice-says-modi/article7983268.ece [Google Scholar]
  5. Mohai P, Pellow DN, Roberts JT. 5.  2009. Environmental justice. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 34405–30 [Google Scholar]
  6. Benford R.6.  2005. The half-life of the environmenal justice frame: innovation, diffusion, and stagnation. . In Power, Justice, and the Environment: A Critical Appraisal of the Environmental Justice Movement, ed. DN Pellow, RJ Brulle 37–53 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  7. 7. US Gen. Account. Off 1983. Siting of Hazardous Waste Landfills and Their Correlation with Racial and Economic Status of Surrounding Communities. Washington, DC: US Gov. Print. Off. [Google Scholar]
  8. Chavis BF, Lee C. 8.  1987. Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States New York: United Church Christ Comm. Racial Justice [Google Scholar]
  9. Bullard R, Mohai P, Saha R, Wright B. 9.  2008. Toxic wastes and race at twenty: why race still matters after all of these years. Environ. Law 38371–412 [Google Scholar]
  10. Dryzek JS, Downes D, Hunold C, Schlosberg D, Hernes H. 10.  2003. Green States and Social Movements: Environmentalism in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Norway Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  11. Cole L.11.  2008. Using environmental justice principles to inform public policy Presented at Environ. Justice Conf., Princeton, 28–29 Apr. [Google Scholar]
  12. Harrison JL.12.  2015. Rejecting recognition: colorblind racial ideology and government agencies’ environmental justice programs Presented at Conf. Plur. Polit. Environ. Justice, Univ. East Anglia, 26–27 June [Google Scholar]
  13. Bullard R.13.  1990. Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality Boulder, CO: Westview [Google Scholar]
  14. Taylor DE.14.  2014. Toxic Communities: Environmental Racism, Industrial Pollution, and Residential Mobility New York: NYU Press [Google Scholar]
  15. Goldtooth TBK.15.  2004. Stolen resources: continuing threats to indigenous people's sovereignty and survival. Race Poverty Environ 119–12 [Google Scholar]
  16. Gedicks A.16.  2005. Resource wars against native peoples. See Ref. 116 168–87
  17. LaDuke W.17.  1999. All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life Boston, MA: South End [Google Scholar]
  18. Holifield R, Porter M, Walker G. 18.  2009. Spaces of environmental justice: frameworks for critical engagement. Antipode 41591–612 [Google Scholar]
  19. Whyte KP.19.  2011. The recognition definitions of environmental justice in Indian country. Environ. Justice 4199–205 [Google Scholar]
  20. Pulido L, Peña DG. 20.  1998. Environmentalism and positionality: the early pesticide campaign of the United Farm Workers’ Organizing Committee, 1965–71. Race Gender Class 633–50 [Google Scholar]
  21. Taylor DE.21.  2011. Introduction: the introduction of environmental justice activism, research, and scholarship. Environ. Pract. 13280–301 [Google Scholar]
  22. Peña DG.22.  2005. Tierra y vida: Chicano environmental justice struggles in the Southwest. See Ref. 116 188–206
  23. Harrison JL.23.  2011. Pesticide Drift and the Pursuit of Environmental Justice Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  24. Holmes S.24.  2013. Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States Berkeley, CA: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  25. Myers JS, Sbicca J. 25.  2015. Bridging good food and good jobs: from secession to confrontation within alternative food movement politics.. Geoforum 6117–26 [Google Scholar]
  26. Taylor DE.26.  2000. The rise of the environmental justice paradigm: injustice framing and the social construction of environmental discourses.. Am. Behav. Sci. 43508–80 [Google Scholar]
  27. Schlosberg D.27.  1999. Environmental Justice and the New Pluralism Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  28. Agyeman J, Bullard R, Evans B. 28.  2003. Introduction. Joined-up thinking: bringing together sustainability, environmental justice and equity. See Ref. 30 1–16
  29. Agyeman J.29.  2005. Sustainable Communities and the Challenge of Environmental Justice New York: NYU Press [Google Scholar]
  30. Agyeman J, Bullard R, Evans B. 30.  2003. Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  31. Sze J, London JK. 31.  2008. Environmental justice at the crossroads. Sociol. Compass 21331–54 [Google Scholar]
  32. Mohai P.32.  1995. The demographics of dumping revisited: examining the impact of alternate methodologies in environmental justice research. Va. Environ. Law J. 14615–53 [Google Scholar]
  33. Mohai P, Saha R. 33.  2006. Reassessing racial and socioeconomic disparities in environmental justice research. Demography 43383–99 [Google Scholar]
  34. Bryant B.34.  1995. Pollution prevention and participatory research as a methodology for environmental justice. Va. Environ. Law J. 14589–613 [Google Scholar]
  35. Szasz A, Meuser M. 35.  1997. Environmental inequalities: literature review and proposals for new directions in research and theory. Curr. Sociol. 4599–120 [Google Scholar]
  36. Pellow DN.36.  2000. Environmental inequality formation: toward a theory of environmental injustice. Am. Behav. Sci. 43581–601 [Google Scholar]
  37. Schlosberg D.37.  2007. Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  38. Walker G.38.  2009. Beyond distribution and proximity: exploring the multiple spatialities of environmental justice.. Antipode 41614–36 [Google Scholar]
  39. Holland B.39.  2008. Justice and the environment in Nussbaum's “capabilities approach”: why sustainable ecological capacity is a meta-capability. Polit. Res. Q. 62319–22 [Google Scholar]
  40. Holland B.40.  2014. Allocating the Earth: A Distributional Framework for Protecting Capabilities in Environmental Law and Policy Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  41. Soja EW.41.  2010. Seeking Spatial Justice Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press [Google Scholar]
  42. Corburn J.42.  2005. Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  43. Ottinger G, Cohen BR. 43.  2011. Technoscience and Environmental Justice: Expert Cultures in a Grassroots Movement Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  44. Ottinger G.44.  2013. Changing knowledge, local knowledge, and knowledge gaps: STS insights into procedural justice. Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 38250–70 [Google Scholar]
  45. Gottlieb R.45.  2005. Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement Washington, DC: Island [Google Scholar]
  46. Agyeman J, Spooner R. 46.  1997. Ethnicity and the rural environment. Contested Countryside Cultures Cloke P, Little J. 197–217 London: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  47. Neal S, Agyeman J. 47.  2006. The New Countryside? Ethnicity, Nation and Exclusion in Contemporary Rural Britain Bristol, UK: Policy [Google Scholar]
  48. Finney C.48.  2014. Black Faces, White Spaces: Reimagining the Relationship of African Americans to the Great Outdoors Durham: Univ. N.C. Press [Google Scholar]
  49. Sikor T, Newell P. 49.  2014. Globalizing environmental justice?. Geoforum 54151–57 [Google Scholar]
  50. Anguelovski I.50.  2014. Neighborhood as Refuge: Community Reconstruction, Place Remaking, and Environmental Justice in the City Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  51. Agyeman J.51.  2013. Global environmental justice or Le droit au monde?. Geoforum 54236–38 [Google Scholar]
  52. Schlosberg D.52.  2013. Theorizing environmental justice: the expanding sphere of discourse. Environ. Polit. 2237–55 [Google Scholar]
  53. Tschakert P.53.  2007. Views from the vulnerable: understanding climatic and other stressors in the Sahel. Glob. Environ. Change 17381–96 [Google Scholar]
  54. Faber D.54.  2008. Capitalizing on Environmental Injustice: The Polluter-Industrial Complex in the Age of Globalization New York: Rowman & Littlefield [Google Scholar]
  55. Agarwal A, Perrin N, Chhatre A, Benson C, Kononen M. 55.  2012. Climate policy processes, local institutions, and adaptation actions: mechanisms of translation and influence. WIREs Climate Change 3565–79 [Google Scholar]
  56. Pellow DN.56.  2007. Resisting Global Toxics: Transnational Movements for Environmental Justice Boston, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  57. Pellow DN.57.  2011. Politics by other greens: the importance of transnational environmental justice movement networks. See Ref. 60 247–65
  58. Agyeman J, Cole P, Haluza-DeLay R, O'Riley P. 58.  2009. Speaking for Ourselves. Environmental Justice in Canada. Vancouver: Univ. B.C. Press [Google Scholar]
  59. Agyeman J, Ogneva-Himmelberger Y. 59.  2009. Environmental Justice and Sustainability in the Former Soviet Union Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  60. Carmin J, Agyeman J. 60.  2011. Environmental Inequalities Beyond Borders: Local Perspectives on Global Injustices Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  61. Agyeman J, Bulkeley H, Nochur A. 61.  2007. Just climate: towards a reconstruction of climate activism?. Ignition: What You Can Do to Fight Global Warming and Spark a Movement J Isham, S Wagge 135–46 Washington, DC: Island [Google Scholar]
  62. Schlosberg D, Collins LB. 62.  2014. From environmental to climate justice: climate change and the discourse of environmental justice. WIREs Climate Change 5359–74 [Google Scholar]
  63. Wright B.63.  2011. Race, place, and the environment in the aftermath of Katrina. Anthropol. Work Rev. 324–8 [Google Scholar]
  64. Anguelovski I, Roberts D. 64.  2011. Spatial justice and climate change: multiscale impacts and local development in Durban, South Africa. See Ref. 60 19–44
  65. Miranda ML, Hastings DA, Aldy JE, Schlesinger WH. 65.  2011. The environmental justice dimensions of climate change. Environ. Justice 417–25 [Google Scholar]
  66. Schlosberg D.66.  2012. Climate justice and capabilities: a framework for adaptation policy. Ethics Int. Aff. 26445–61 [Google Scholar]
  67. Bulkeley H, Carmin J, Broto VC, Edwards GAS, Fuller S. 67.  2013. Climate justice and global cities: mapping the emerging discourses. Glob. Environ. Change 23914–25 [Google Scholar]
  68. Bulkeley H, Edwards GAS, Fuller S. 68.  2014. Contesting climate justice in the city: examining the politics and practice in urban climate change experiments. Glob. Environ. Change 2531–40 [Google Scholar]
  69. Roberts JT, Parks B. 69.  2006. A Climate of Injustice: Global Inequality, North-South Politics, and Climate Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  70. Martinez-Alier J.70.  2003. The Environmentalism of the Poor: A Study of Ecological Conflicts and Valuation Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar [Google Scholar]
  71. Vickery J, Hunter LM. 71.  2016. Native Americans: where in environmental justice research?. Soc. Nat. Resour. 2936–52 [Google Scholar]
  72. Carruthers D. 72.  2008. Environmental Justice in Latin America Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  73. Schlosberg D, Carruthers D. 73.  2010. Indigenous struggles, environmental justice, and community capabilities. Glob. Environ. Polit. 1012–35 [Google Scholar]
  74. Walker G.74.  2012. Environmental Justice: Concepts, Evidence and Politics London: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  75. Gottlieb R, Fisher A. 75.  1996. First feed the face: environmental justice and community food security. Antipode 28193–203 [Google Scholar]
  76. Gottlieb R.76.  2009. Where we live, work, play…and eat: expanding the environmental justice agenda. Environ. Justice 27–8 [Google Scholar]
  77. Gottlieb R, Joshi A. 77.  2010. Food Justice Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  78. Alkon AH, Agyeman J. 78.  2011. Cultivating Food Justice: Race, Class, and Sustainability Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  79. Alkon AH, Norgaard KM. 79.  2009. Breaking the food chains: an investigation of food justice activism. Soc. Inq. 79289–305 [Google Scholar]
  80. Hinrichs C.80.  2014. Transitions to sustainability: a change in thinking about food systems change?. Agric. Hum. Values 31143–55 [Google Scholar]
  81. Hinrichs C, Eshleman J. 81.  2014. Agrifood movements: diversity, aims, and limits. Rural America in a Globalizing World: Problems and Prospects for the 2010s C Bailey, L Jensen, E Ransom 138–55 Morgantown: W. Va. Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  82. Holt-Giménez E.82.  2011. Food security, food justice, or food sovereignty? Crises, food movements, and regime change. See Ref. 78 309–30
  83. Agyeman J.83.  2013. Introducing Just Sustainabilities: Policy, Planning and Practice London: Zed Books [Google Scholar]
  84. Born B, Purcell M. 84.  2006. Avoiding the local trap: scale and food systems in planning research. J. Plan. Educ. Res. 26195–207 [Google Scholar]
  85. Schlosberg D, Coles R. 85.  2015. The new environmentalism of everyday life: sustainability, material flows, and movements. Contemp. Polit. Theory 15:160–81 [Google Scholar]
  86. Walker G, Day R. 86.  2012. Fuel poverty as injustice: integrating distribution, recognition and procedure in the struggle for affordable warmth. Energy Policy 4969–75 [Google Scholar]
  87. Sze J.87.  2006. Boundaries and border wars: DES, technology, and environmental justice. Am. Q. 58791–814 [Google Scholar]
  88. Gabrielson T.88.  2011. The normalized toxic body: a site for theorizing an environmental politics. Presented at West. Polit. Sci. Assoc., San Antonio, Apr. 21–23 [Google Scholar]
  89. Di Chiro G. 89.  2008. Living environmentalisms: coalition politics, social reproduction and environmental justice. Environ. Polit. 17276–98 [Google Scholar]
  90. Gabrielson T, Parady K. 90.  2010. Corporeal citizenship: rethinking green citizenship through the body. Environ. Polit. 19374–91 [Google Scholar]
  91. Whatmore S.91.  2006. Materialist returns: practising cultural geography in and for a more-than-human world. Cult. Geogr. 13600–9 [Google Scholar]
  92. Escobar A.92.  2001. Culture sits in places: reflections on globalism and subaltern strategies of localisation. Polit. Geogr. 20:139–74 [Google Scholar]
  93. Devine-Wright P, Howes Y. 93.  2010. Disruption to place attachment and the protection of restorative environments: a wind energy case study. J. Environ. Psychol. 30271–80 [Google Scholar]
  94. Bristow G, Cowell R, Munday M. 94.  2012. Windfalls for whom? The evolving notion of “community” in community benefit provisions from wind farms. Geoforum 431108–20 [Google Scholar]
  95. Fincher R, Jacobs JM. 95.  1998. Cities of Difference New York: Guildford [Google Scholar]
  96. Sennett R.96.  1990. The Conscience of the Eye: The Design and Social Life of Cities New York: Knopf [Google Scholar]
  97. Zavestoski S, Agyeman J. 97.  2014. Incomplete Streets: Processes, Practices and Possibilities Oxford, UK: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  98. Byrne J, Wolch J. 98.  2009. Nature, race, and parks: past research and future directions for geographic research. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 33743–65 [Google Scholar]
  99. Wood P, Landry C. 99.  2007. The Intercultural City: Planning for Diversity and Advantage London: Earthscan [Google Scholar]
  100. McLaren D, Agyeman J. 100.  2015. Sharing Cities: A Case for Truly Smart and Sustainable Cities Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  101. Agyeman J, McLaren D, Shaeffer-Borrego A. 101.  2013. Sharing Cities London: Friends of the Earth [Google Scholar]
  102. Dooling S.102.  2009. Ecological gentrification: a research agenda exploring justice in the city. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. 33621–39 [Google Scholar]
  103. Curran W, Hamilton T. 103.  2012. Just green enough: contesting environmental gentrification in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Local Environ 171027–42 [Google Scholar]
  104. Anguelovski I.104.  2016. Healthy food stores, greenlining and food gentrification: contesting new forms of privelege, displacement and locally unwanted land uses in racially mixed neighborhoods. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. 39:1209–30 [Google Scholar]
  105. Groves C.105.  2015. The bomb in my backyard, the serpent in my house: environmental justice, risk, and the colonisation of attachment. Environ. Polit. 24853–73 [Google Scholar]
  106. Broto VC, Burningham K, Carter C, Elghai L. 106.  2010. Stigma and attachment: performance of identity in an environmentally degraded place. Soc. Nat. Resour. 23952–68 [Google Scholar]
  107. Agyeman J, Devine-Wright P, Prange J. 107.  2009. Close to the edge, down by the river? Joining up managed retreat and place attachment in a climate changed world. Environ. Plan. A 41509–13 [Google Scholar]
  108. Anguelovski I.108.  2013. New directions in urban environmental justice: rebuilding community, addressing trauma, and remaking place. J. Plan. Educ. Res. 33160–75 [Google Scholar]
  109. Nixon R.109.  2011. Slow Violence Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press [Google Scholar]
  110. Bullard R, Wright B. 110.  2008. Race, Place, and Environmental Justice After Hurricane Katrina: Struggles to Reclaim, Rebuild, and Revitalize New Orleans and the Gulf Coast. Boulder, CO: Westview
  111. Fuller S, McCauley D. 111.  2016. Framing energy justice: perspectives from activism and advocacy. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 111–8 [Google Scholar]
  112. Jenkins K, McCauley D, Heffron R, Stephan H, Rehner R. 112.  2016. Energy justice: a conceptual review. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 11174–82 [Google Scholar]
  113. 113. United Nations 2015. Sustainable Development Goals: 17 goals to transform our world http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ [Google Scholar]
  114. Edwards GAS, Reid L, Hunter C. 114.  2015. Environmental justice, capabilities, and the theorization of well-being. Prog. Hum. Geogr. In press. doi:10.1177/0309132515620850 [Google Scholar]
  115. Schlosberg D.115.  2012. Justice, ecological integrity and climate change. Ethical Adaptation to Climate Change: Human Virtues of the Future A Thompson, J Bendik-Keymer 165–83 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
  116. Bullard R. 116.  2005. The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-090052
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-090052
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error