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Annual Review of Environment and Resources

Volume 49, 2024

Coastal Wetlands in the Anthropocene

  • John Day1, Edward Anthony2, Robert Costanza3, Douglas Edmonds4, Joel Gunn5, Charles Hopkinson6, Michael E. Mann7, James Morris8, Michael Osland9, Tracy Quirk1, Andre Rovai1,10, John Rybczyk11, Thomas Spencer12, Jessica Stephens13, Jaia Syvitski14, Robert Twilley1, Jenneke Visser15 and John R. White1
  • 1Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; email: [email protected] 2Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Collège de France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France 3Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, London, United Kingdom 4Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA 5Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA 6Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 7Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 8Department of Biological Sciences and Belle W. Baruch Institute, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA 9US Geological Survey, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA 10US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA 11Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA 12Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 13Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA 14Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA 15School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
  • Vol. 49:105-135 (Volume publication date October 2024)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on September 03, 2024
  •  
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

We review the functioning and sustainability of coastal marshes and mangroves. Urbanized humans have a 7,000-year-old enduring relationship to coastal wetlands. Wetlands include marshes, salt flats, and saline and freshwater forests. Coastal wetlands occur in all climate zones but are most abundant in deltas. Mangroves are tropical, whereas marshes occur from tropical to boreal areas. Quantification of coastal wetland areas has advanced in recent years but is still insufficiently accurate. Climate change and sea-level rise are predicted to lead to significant wetland losses and other impacts on coastal wetlands and the humans associated with them. Landward migration and coastal retreat are not expected to significantly reduce coastal wetland losses. Nitrogen watershed inputs are unlikely to alter coastal marsh stability because watershed loadings are mostly significantly lower than those in fertilization studies that show decreased belowground biomass and increased decomposition of soil organic matter. Blue carbon is not expected to significantly reduce climate impacts. The high values of ecosystem goods and services of wetlands are expected to be reduced by area losses. Humans have had strong impacts on coastal wetlands in the Holocene, and these impacts are expected to increase in the Anthropocene.

Keyword(s): blue carbon, climate change, coastal retreat, nitrogen, wetland composition, wetland distribution, wetland values
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2024-10-18
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Coastal Wetlands in the Anthropocene
Annual Review of Environment and Resources 49, 105 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-121922-041109
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