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Annual Review of Genetics

Volume 58, 2024

Population Genomic Scans for Natural Selection and Demography

  • Xiaoheng Cheng1 and Matthias Steinrücken1,2
  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; email: [email protected] 2Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • Vol. 58:319-339 (Volume publication date November 2024)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on September 03, 2024
  • Copyright © 2024 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Uncovering the fundamental processes that shape genomic variation in natural populations is a primary objective of population genetics. These processes include demographic effects such as past changes in effective population size or gene flow between structured populations. Furthermore, genomic variation is affected by selection on nonneutral genetic variants, for example, through the adaptation of beneficial alleles or balancing selection that maintains genetic variation. In this article, we discuss the characterization of these processes using population genetic models, and we review methods developed on the basis of these models to unravel the underlying processes from modern population genomic data sets. We briefly discuss the conditions in which these approaches can be used to infer demography or identify specific nonneutral genetic variants and cases in which caution is warranted. Moreover, we summarize the challenges of jointly inferring demography and selective processes that affect neutral variation genome-wide.

Keyword(s): demographic history, genomic variation, natural selection, population genetics
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2024-11-25
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Population Genomic Scans for Natural Selection and Demography
Annual Review of Genetics 58, 319 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102651
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102651
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102651
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