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Annual Review of Immunology

Volume 43, 2025

Humanized Mouse Systems to Study Viral Infection: A New Era in Immunology Research

Abstract

For decades, scientists have relied on traditional animal models to study viral infection and the immune response. However, these models have limitations, and the search for more accurate and reliable ways to study the human-pathogen interphase has led to the development of humanized mouse systems. These revolutionary models have transformed how we understand viral infection and the human immune system's interactions with viruses to control or exacerbate disease. They are also paving the way for new treatments and therapies. In this article, we explore the history and development of humanized mouse systems and their advantages, limitations, and applications in viral immunology research. We describe the different types of humanized mouse models, including their generation and utility for studying human pathogens, with an emphasis on human-specific viruses. In addition, we discuss areas for further refinement and future applications.

Keyword(s): human-specific viruses, humanized mice, immune responses
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-035718
2025-04-25
2025-06-19
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-035718
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Humanized Mouse Systems to Study Viral Infection: A New Era in Immunology Research
Annual Review of Immunology 43, 143 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-035718
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-035718
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-035718
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