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Annual Review of Immunology

Volume 43, 2025

Neuroimmune Circuits in Allergic Diseases

  • Cai Han1, Xueping Zhu1 and Caroline L. Sokol1
  • Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; email: [email protected]
  • Vol. 43:367-394 (Volume publication date April 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on February 20, 2025
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Communication between the nervous and immune systems is evolutionarily conserved. From primitive eukaryotes to higher mammals, neuroimmune communication utilizes multiple complex and complementary mechanisms to trigger effective but balanced responses to environmental dangers such as allergens and tissue damage. These responses result from a tight integration of the nervous and immune systems, and accumulating evidence suggests that this bidirectional communication is crucial in modulating the initiation and development of allergic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of neuroimmune communication, with a focus on the recent advances underlying the importance of such communication in the allergic immune response. We examine neuronal sensing of allergens, how neuropeptides and neurotransmitters regulate allergic immune cell functions, and how inflammatory factors derived from immune cells coordinate complex peripheral and central nervous system responses. Furthermore, we highlight how fundamental aspects of host biology, from aging to circadian rhythm, might affect these pathways. Appreciating neuroimmune communications as an evolutionarily conserved and functionally integrated system that is fundamentally involved in type 2 immunity will provide new insights into allergic inflammation and reveal exciting opportunities for the management of acute and chronic allergic diseases.

Keyword(s): allergen recognition, allergy, neuroimmune communication, neuroimmunology, peripheral sensory neurons, type 2 immunity
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2025-04-25
2025-06-25
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154
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Neuroimmune Circuits in Allergic Diseases
Annual Review of Immunology 43, 367 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154
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