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Annual Review of Marine Science

Volume 17, 2025

How Big Is Big? The Effective Population Size of Marine Bacteria

  • Haiwei Luo1,2,3
  • 1Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR; email: [email protected] 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 3Institute of Environment, Energy, and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
  • Vol. 17:537-560 (Volume publication date January 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on September 17, 2024
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Genome-reduced bacteria constitute most of the cells in surface-ocean bacterioplankton communities. Their extremely large census population sizes () have been unfoundedly translated to huge effective population sizes ()—the size of an ideal population carrying as much neutral genetic diversity as the actual population. As scales inversely with the strength of genetic drift, constraining the magnitude of is key to evaluating whether natural selection can overcome the power of genetic drift to drive evolutionary events. Determining the of extant species requires measuring the genomic mutation rate, a challenging step for most genome-reduced bacterioplankton lineages. Results for genome-reduced and CHUG are surprising—their values are an order of magnitude lower than those of less abundant lineages carrying large genomes, such as and . As bacterioplankton genome reduction commonly occurred in the distant past, appreciating their population genetic mechanisms requires constraining their ancient values by other methods.

Keyword(s): CHUG, effective population size, marine bacteria, population genomics, Prochlorococcus
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2025-01-16
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-104415
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How Big Is Big? The Effective Population Size of Marine Bacteria
Annual Review of Marine Science 17, 537 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-104415
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-104415
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-104415
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