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Annual Review of Microbiology

Volume 78, 2024

Large Roles of Small Proteins

  • Aisha T. Burton1,2, Rilee Zeinert1,2 and Gisela Storz1
  • 1Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: [email protected] 2Postdoctoral Research Associate Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
  • Vol. 78:1-22 (Volume publication date November 2024)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on May 21, 2024
  •  
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

Bacterial proteins of ≤50 amino acids, denoted small proteins or microproteins, have been traditionally understudied and overlooked, as standard computational, biochemical, and genetic approaches often do not detect proteins of this size. However, with the realization that small proteins are stably expressed and have important cellular roles, there has been increased identification of small proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes. Gradually, the functions of a few of these small proteins are being elucidated. Many interact with larger protein products to modulate their subcellular localization, stabilities, or activities. Here, we provide an overview of these diverse functions in bacteria, highlighting generalities among bacterial small proteins and similarly sized proteins in eukaryotic organisms and discussing questions for future research.

Keyword(s): antibiotic resistance, competence, degradation, ion transport, microproteins, sporulation
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-micro-112723-083001
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Large Roles of Small Proteins
Annual Review of Microbiology 78, 1 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-112723-083001
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-micro-112723-083001
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-micro-112723-083001
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