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Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science

Volume 70, 2020

Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei

Abstract

We review the current status of parton distribution function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We present the established theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the methodological aspects inherent to any modern PDF extraction. Furthermore, we summarize the present knowledge of PDFs and discuss their limitations in both accuracy and precision relevant to advancing our understanding of QCD proton substructure and pursuing our quest for precision in the Standard Model and beyond. In this respect, we highlight various achievements, discuss contemporary issues in PDF analyses, and outline future directions of progress.

Keyword(s): collider physics, future experiments, nuclear medium, parton distribution functions, proton spin, quantum chromodynamics
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2020-10-19
2024-10-13
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725
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Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 70, 43 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725
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