1932

Abstract

This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature on algorithmic management (AM), focusing on insights from human resource management (HRM), organizational psychology (OP), and organizational behavior (OB). It examines how AM is conceptualized in the contexts of platform work and the gig economy, revealing unique challenges and implications. AM functions as a holistic system, primarily in online labor platforms, where it creates a gray zone in which workers exist in an ambiguous space, neither fully inside nor outside organizational boundaries. This gray zone strategically blurs the lines between employees and freelancers, allowing platforms to circumvent traditional employment regulations. As a result, AM poses a unique challenge for HRM, OP, and OB scholars, whose frameworks typically rely on clear distinctions between employment and freelancing, often overlooking the complexities of this gray zone. The article identifies key themes emerging from the literature, highlighting the impact of AM on both individuals and organizations. It reviews AM in HRM systems, highlighting the interlocking nature, dispersion to new actors, and strategic misalignment of AM-based HRM activities. Its review of AM and careers surfaces the role of algorithmic bosses, multi-actor signaling, and identity challenges that arise from the gray zone. In conclusion, the article summarizes its findings and proposes an agenda for future research. It calls on HRM, OP, and OB scholars to engage with the expanding gray zone of work and careers shaped by platform-based ecosystems and AM, urging them to reconsider traditional boundaries and develop more nuanced approaches to understanding work in this evolving landscape.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110622-070928
2025-01-21
2025-02-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/orgpsych/12/1/annurev-orgpsych-110622-070928.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110622-070928&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Alacovska A, Bucher E, Fieseler C. 2024.. A relational work perspective on the gig economy: doing creative work on digital labour platforms. . Work Employ. Soc. 38:(1):16179
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aloisi A, De Stefano V. 2022.. Your Boss Is an Algorithm: Artificial Intelligence, Platform Work and Labour. Oxford, UK:: Bloomsbury
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Aloisi A, De Stefano V. 2024.. ‘Gig’ workers in Europe: the new platform of rights. . Social Europe, Mar. 16. https://www.socialeurope.eu/gig-workers-in-europe-the-new-platform-of-rights
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Altman EJ, Kiron D, Jones R, Schwartz J. 2022.. Orchestrating workforce ecosystems. . MIT Sloan Management Review, May 17 , pp. 147. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/projects/orchestrating-workforce-ecosystems/
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Angrave D, Charlwood A, Kirkpatrick I, Lawrence M, Stuart M. 2016.. HR and analytics: why HR is set to fail the big data challenge. . Hum. Resour. Manag. J. 26:(1):111
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  6. Anicich EM. 2022.. Flexing and floundering in the on-demand economy: narrative identity construction under algorithmic management. . Organ. Behav. Hum. Dec. Process. 169::10438
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ashford SJ, Caza BB, Reid EM. 2018.. From surviving to thriving in the gig economy: a research agenda for individuals in the new world of work. . Res. Organ. Behav. 38::2341
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Ashforth B. 2000.. Role Transitions in Organizational Life: An Identity-Based Perspective. New York:: Routledge
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Atkinson J. 1984.. Manpower strategies for flexible organisations. . Pers. Manag. 16:(8):2831
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Becker B, Gerhart B. 1996.. The impact of human resource management on organizational performance: progress and prospects. . Acad. Manag. J. 39:(4):779801
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  11. Beer M. 1981.. Performance appraisal: dilemmas and possibilities. . Organ. Dyn. 9:(3):2436
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bellon T. 2020.. NYU launches coronavirus safety training for Uber, Lyft drivers as many return to work. . Reuters, July 30. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/nyu-launches-coronavirus-safety-training-for-uber-lyft-drivers-as-many-return-t-idUSKCN24V31D/
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Birkinshaw J. 2024.. Too little, too late? How policymakers and regulators respond to the business model innovations of digital firms. . Acad. Manag. Perspect. 38:(3):26985
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  14. Bowen DE, Ostroff C. 2004.. Understanding HRM-firm performance linkages: the role of the “strength” of the HRM system. . Acad. Manag. Rev. 29:(2):20321
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Bucher EL, Schou PK, Waldkirch M. 2021.. Pacifying the algorithm—anticipatory compliance in the face of algorithmic management in the gig economy. . Organization 28:(1):4467
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  16. Bunders DJ, Arets M, Frenken K, De Moor T. 2022.. The feasibility of platform cooperatives in the gig economy. . J. Co-Op. Organ. Manag. 10:(1):100167
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Cameron LD. 2022.. “ Making out” while driving: relational and efficiency games in the gig economy. . Organ. Sci. 33:(1):23152
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  18. Cameron LD. 2024.. The making of the “good bad” job: how algorithmic management manufactures consent through constant and confined choices. . Admin. Sci. Q. 69:(2):458514
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  19. Cameron LD, Chan CK, Anteby M. 2022.. Heroes from above but not (always) from within? Gig workers’ reactions to the sudden public moralization of their work. . Organ. Behav. Hum. Dec. Process. 172::10479
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  20. Cameron LD, Rahman H. 2022.. Expanding the locus of resistance: understanding the co-constitution of control and resistance in the gig economy. . Organ. Sci. 33:(1):3858
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  21. Caza BB, Reid EM, Ashford SJ, Granger S. 2022.. Working on my own: measuring the challenges of gig work. . Hum. Relat. 75:(11):212259
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  22. Cheng MM, Hackett RD. 2021.. A critical review of algorithms in HRM: definition, theory, and practice. . Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev. 31:(1):100698
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  23. Cini L. 2023.. How algorithms are reshaping the exploitation of labour-power: insights into the process of labour invisibilization in the platform economy. . Theory Soc. 52:(5):885911
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  24. Connelly CE, Fieseler C, Černe M, Giessner SR, Wong SI. 2021.. Working in the digitized economy: HRM theory & practice. . Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev. 31:(1):100762
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  25. Cropanzano R, Keplinger K, Lambert BK, Caza B, Ashford SJ. 2023.. The organizational psychology of gig work: an integrative conceptual review. . J. Appl. Psychol. 108:(3):492519
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  26. Cross D, Swart J. 2022.. The (ir)relevance of human resource management in independent work: challenging assumptions. . Hum. Resour. Manag. J. 32:(1):23246
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  27. Curchod C, Patriotta G, Cohen L, Neysen N. 2020.. Working for an algorithm: power asymmetries and agency in online work settings. . Admin. Sci. Q. 65:(3):64476
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  28. DeNisi AS, Murphy KR. 2017.. Performance appraisal and performance management: 100 years of progress?. J. Appl. Psychol. 102:(3):42133
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  29. Dubal V. 2020.. The new racial wage code. . Harv. L. Policy Rev. 15::51149
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Dube A, Jacobs J, Naidu S, Suri S. 2020.. Monopsony in online labour markets. . Am. Econ. Rev. 2:(1):3346
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Duggan J, Sherman U, Carbery R, McDonnell A. 2020.. Algorithmic management and app-work in the gig economy: a research agenda for employment relations and HRM. . Hum. Resour. Manag. J. 30:(1):11432
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  32. Duggan J, Sherman U, Carbery R, McDonnell A. 2022.. Boundaryless careers and algorithmic constraints in the gig economy. . Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 33:(22):446898
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  33. Edwards MR, Zubielevitch E, Okimoto T, Parker S, Anseel F. 2024.. Managerial control or feedback provision: how perceptions of algorithmic HR systems shape employee motivation, behavior, and well-being. . Hum. Resour. Manag. 63:(4):691710
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  34. Fieseler C, Bucher E, Hoffmann CP. 2019.. Unfairness by design? The perceived fairness of digital labor on crowdworking platforms. . J. Bus. Ethics 156::9871005
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  35. Fleming P. 2017.. The human capital hoax: work, debt and insecurity in the era of Uberization. . Organ. Stud. 38:(5):691709
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  36. Frenken K, Vaskelainen T, Fünfschilling L, Piscicelli L. 2020.. An institutional logics perspective on the gig economy. . In Theorizing the Sharing Economy: Variety and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing, ed. I Maurer, J Mair, A Oberg , pp. 83105. Bingley, UK:: Emerald
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Garofalo L. 2024.. “ Doing the work”: therapeutic labor, teletherapy, and the platformization of mental health care. . Data Soc. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4779005
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Gegenhuber T, Ellmer M, Schüßler E. 2021.. Microphones, not megaphones: functional crowdworker voice regimes on digital work platforms. . Hum. Relat. 74:(9):1473503
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  39. Goods C, Veen A, Barratt T. 2019.. “ Is your gig any good?” Analysing job quality in the Australian platform-based food-delivery sector. . J. Ind. Relat. 61:(4):50227
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  40. Graen GB, Uhl-Bien M. 1995.. Relationship-based approach to leadership: development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. . Leadersh. Q. 6:(2):21947
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  41. Gray ML, Suri S. 2019.. Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass. New York:: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Greenwood R, Raynard M, Kodeih F, Micelotta ER, Lounsbury M. 2011.. Institutional complexity and organizational responses. . Acad. Manag. Ann. 5:(1):31771
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  43. Howcroft D, Bergvall-Kåreborn B. 2019.. A typology of crowdwork platforms. . Work. Employ. Soc. 33:(1):2138
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  44. Iowa State Univ. 2024.. Mechanical Turk. . Iowa State University. https://compliance.iastate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/pdf/MTurk-guidance.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Irani LC, Silberman MS. 2013.. Turkopticon: interrupting worker invisibility in Amazon Mechanical Turk. . In CHI '13: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 61120. New York:: Assoc. Comput. Mach. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2470742
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Jabagi N, Croteau AM, Audebrand LK, Marsan J. 2019.. Gig-workers’ motivation: thinking beyond carrots and sticks. . J. Manag. Psychol. 34:(4):192213
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  47. Jabagi N, Croteau AM, Audebrand LK, Marsan J. 2024.. Fair dealings with algorithms? Analyzing the perceived procedural fairness of managerial algorithms and their impacts on gig-workers. . In Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS-53). Honolulu, HI:: Univ. Hawaii
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Jarrahi MH, Newlands G, Lee MK, Wolf CT, Kinder E, Sutherland W. 2021.. Algorithmic management in a work context. . Big Data Soc. 8:(2):20539517211020332
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  49. Kalleberg AL, Dunn M. 2016.. Good jobs, bad jobs in the gig economy. . Perspect. Work 20::1014
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Keegan A, Den Hartog D. 2019.. Doing it for themselves? Performance appraisal in project-based organisations, the role of employees, and challenges to theory. . Hum. Resour. Manag. J. 29:(2):21737
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  51. Keegan A, Meijerink J. 2022a.. HRM practices for value creation and value capture in online labour platform ecosystems: towards an integrative perspective. . In A Research Agenda for Strategic Human Resource Management, ed. P Sherer , pp. 67194. Cheltenham, UK:: Edward Elgar Publ.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Keegan A, Meijerink J. 2022b.. Voice in platform-enabled gig work. . In Missing Voice?, ed. A Wilkinson, T Dundon, P Mowbray, S Brooks , pp. 15373. Cheltenham, UK:: Edward Elgar Publ.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Keegan A, Meijerink J. 2023.. Dynamism and realignment in the HR architecture: online labor platform ecosystems and the key role of contractors. . Hum. Resour. Manag. 62:(1):1529
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  54. Keegan A, Meijerink J. 2024.. HRM systems and online labour platforms: survival of the (mis-)fittest?. In Research Handbook on Human Resource Management and Disruptive Technologies, ed. J Meijerink, T Bondarouk , pp. 94104. Cheltenham, UK:: Edward Elgar Publ.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Kellogg KC, Valentine MA, Christin A. 2020.. Algorithms at work: the new contested terrain of control. . Acad. Manag. Ann. 14:(1):366410
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  56. Köchling A, Wehner MC. 2020.. Discriminated by an algorithm: a systematic review of discrimination and fairness by algorithmic decision-making in the context of HR recruitment and HR development. . Bus. Res. 13:(3):795848
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  57. Koene B, Pichault F. 2021.. Embedded fixers, pragmatic experimenters, dedicated activists: evaluating third-party labour market actors’ initiatives for skilled project-based workers in the gig economy. . Brit. J. Indust. Relat. 59:(2):44473
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  58. Kost D, Fieseler C, Wong SI. 2020.. Boundaryless careers in the gig economy: an oxymoron?. Hum. Resour. Manag. J. 30:(1):10013
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  59. Krzywdzinski M, Schneiß D, Sperling A. 2024.. Between control and participation: the politics of algorithmic management. . New. Technol. Work Employ. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12293
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Kuhn KM, Galloway TL. 2019.. Expanding perspectives on gig work and gig workers. . J. Manag. Psychol. 34:(4):18691
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  61. Kuhn KM, Maleki A. 2017.. Micro-entrepreneurs, dependent contractors, and instaserfs: understanding online labor platform workforces. . Acad. Manag. Perspect. 31:(3):183200
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  62. Kuhn KM, Meijerink J, Keegan A. 2021.. Human resource management and the gig economy: challenges and opportunities at the intersection between organizational HR decision-makers and digital labor platforms. . Res. Pers. Hum. Resour. Manag. 39::146
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Lamers L, Meijerink J, Rettagliata G. 2024.. Blinded by “algo economicus”: reflecting on the assumptions of algorithmic management research to move forward. . Hum. Resour. Manag. 63:(3):41326
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  64. Lee BY. 2022.. Neither employee nor contractor: a case study of employment relations between riders and platform-based food-delivery firms in Taiwan. . Work Employ. Soc. 38:(1):12239
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  65. Lee MK, Kusbit D, Metsky E, Dabbish L. 2015.. Working with machines: the impact of algorithmic and data-driven management on human workers. . In CHI '15: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 160312. New York:: Assoc. Comput. Mach. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702548
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Leicht-Deobald U, Busch T, Schank C, Weibel A, Schafheitle S, et al. 2022.. The challenges of algorithm-based HR decision-making for personal integrity. . In Business and the Ethical Implications of Technology, pp. 7186. Cham, Switz:.: Springer
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Lepak DP, Snell SA. 1999.. The human resource architecture: toward a theory of human capital allocation and development. . Acad. Manag. Rev. 24:(1):3148
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  68. Mateescu A, Nguyen A. 2019.. Explainer: algorithmic management in the workplace. . Data Soc. 6::115
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  69. Meijerink J, Bondarouk T. 2023.. The duality of algorithmic management: toward a research agenda on HRM algorithms, autonomy and value creation. . Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev. 33:(1):100876
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  70. Meijerink J, Boons M, Keegan A, Marler J. 2021a.. Algorithmic human resource management: synthesizing developments and cross-disciplinary insights on digital HRM. . Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 32:(12):254562
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  71. Meijerink J, Keegan A. 2019.. Conceptualizing human resource management in the gig economy: toward a platform ecosystem perspective. . J. Manag. Psychol. 34:(4):21432
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  72. Meijerink J, Keegan A, Bondarouk T. 2021b.. Having their cake and eating it too? Online labor platforms and human resource management as a case of institutional complexity. . Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 32:(19):401652
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  73. Meijerink J, Rogier P, Keegan A. 2022.. Line managers and the gig economy: an oxymoron? Paradox navigation in online labor platform contexts. . In Research Handbook on Line Managers, ed. K Townsend, A Bos-Nehles, J Kaifeng , pp. 388405. Cheltenham, UK:: Edward Elgar Publ.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Mendonça P, Kougiannou NK. 2023.. Disconnecting labour: the impact of intraplatform algorithmic changes on the labour process and workers’ capacity to organise collectively. . New. Technol. Work Employ. 38:(1):120
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  75. Merriam-Webster. 2023.. Algorithm. . Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/algorithm
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Möhlmann M, Zalmanson L, Henfridsson O, Gregory RW. 2021.. Algorithmic management of work on online labor platforms: when matching meets control. . MIS Q. 45:(4):19992022
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  77. Moorman RH, Lyons BD, Mercado BK, Klotz AC. 2024.. Driving the extra mile in the gig economy: the motivational foundations of gig worker citizenship. . Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 11::36391
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  78. Muldoon J, Raekstad P. 2023.. Algorithmic domination in the gig economy. . Eur. J. Political Theory 22:(4):587607
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  79. Myhill K, Richards J, Sang K. 2021.. Job quality, fair work and gig work: the lived experience of gig workers. . Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 32:(19):411035
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  80. Nagtegaal R. 2021.. The impact of using algorithms for managerial decisions on public employees’ procedural justice. . Gov. Inform. Q. 38:(1):101536
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  81. Neumann M, Niessen ASM, Meijer RR. 2023.. Predicting decision-makers’ algorithm use. . Comput. Hum. Behav. 145::107759
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  82. Newlands G. 2021.. Algorithmic surveillance in the gig economy: the organization of work through Lefebvrian conceived space. . Organ. Stud. 42:(5):71937
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  83. Newlands G. 2022.. ‘ This isn't forever for me’: perceived employability and migrant gig work in Norway and Sweden. . Environ. Plan. A 56:(4):126279
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  84. Norlander P, Jukic N, Varma A. 2021.. The effects of technological supervision on gig workers: organizational control and motivation of Uber, taxi, and limousine drivers. . Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 32:(19):405377
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  85. O'Brochta W, Parikh S. 2021.. Anomalous responses on Amazon Mechanical Turk: an Indian perspective. . Res. Politics 8:(2):20531680211016971
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  86. OED. 2023.. Algorithm. . Oxford English Dictionary. https://www.oed.com/dictionary/algorithm_n?tab=meaning_and_use#7075817
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Osterman P. 1987.. Choice of employment systems in internal labor markets. . Indust. Relat. 26:(1):46
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  88. Panteli N, Rapti A, Scholarios D. 2020.. ‘If he just knew who we were’: microworkers’ emerging bonds of attachment in a fragmented employment relationship. . Work Employ. Soc. 34:(3):47694
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  89. Parent-Rocheleau X, Parker SK. 2022.. Algorithms as work designers: how algorithmic management influences the design of jobs. . Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev. 32:(3):100838
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  90. Parker SK, Grote G. 2022.. Automation, algorithms, and beyond: why work design matters more than ever in a digital world. . Appl. Psychol. 71:(4):1171204
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  91. Petriglieri G, Ashford SJ, Wrzesniewski A. 2019.. Agony and ecstasy in the gig economy: cultivating holding environments for precarious and personalized work identities. . Admin. Sci. Q. 64:(1):12470
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  92. Pichault F, McKeown T. 2019.. Autonomy at work in the gig economy: analysing work status, work content and working conditions of independent professionals. . New Technol. Work Employ. 34:(1):5972
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  93. Pierce J, DiSalvo C. 2018., April . Addressing network anxieties with alternative design metaphors. . In CHI '18: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 113. New York:: Assoc. Comput. Mach. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174123
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Purcell J, Hutchinson S. 2007.. Front-line managers as agents in the HRM-performance causal chain: theory, analysis and evidence. . Hum. Resour. Manag. J. 17:(1):320
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  95. Quesnel F, Desaulniers G, Soumis F. 2020.. Improving air crew rostering by considering crew preferences in the crew pairing problem. . Transport. Sci. 54:(1):97114
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  96. Rahman HA. 2021.. The invisible cage: workers’ reactivity to opaque algorithmic evaluations. . Admin. Sci. Q. 66:(4):94588
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  97. Rahman HA, Weiss T, Karunakaran A. 2023.. The experimental hand: how platform-based experimentation reconfigures worker autonomy. . Acad. Manag. J. 66:(6):180330
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  98. Rochet JC, Tirole J. 2006.. Two-sided markets: a progress report. . RAND J. Econ. 37:(3):64567
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  99. Rogiers P, Collings DG. 2024.. The end of jobs? Paradoxes of job deconstruction in organizations. . Acad. Manag. Perspect. 38:(2):17796
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  100. Rosenblat A. 2018.. Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Rules of Work. Oakland, CA:: Univ. Calif. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Rosenblat A, Stark L. 2016.. Algorithmic labor and information asymmetries: a case study of Uber's drivers. . Int. J. Comm. 10::375884
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Schafheitle S, Weibel A, Ebert I, Kasper G, Schank C, Leicht-Deobald U. 2020.. No stone left unturned? Toward a framework for the impact of datafication technologies on organizational control. . Acad. Manag. Rev. Discov. 6:(3):45587
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Scholz T. 2016.. Platform Cooperativism: Challenging the Corporate Sharing Economy. New York:: Rosa Luxemburg Found.
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Schroeder AN, Bricka TM, Whitaker JH. 2021.. Work design in a digitized gig economy. . Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev. 31:(1):100692
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  105. Seibert S, Akkermans J, Liu CH. 2024.. Understanding contemporary career success: a critical review. . Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 11::50934
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  106. Semujanga B, Parent-Rocheleau X. 2024.. Time-based stress and procedural justice: Can transparency mitigate the effects of algorithmic compensation in gig work?. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 21:(1):86
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  107. Sherer PD. 2022.. Introduction. . In A Research Agenda for Strategic Human Resource Management, ed. PD Sherer , pp. 118. Cheltenham, UK:: Edward Elgar Publ.
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Shokoohyar S. 2018.. Ride-sharing platforms from drivers’ perspective: evidence from Uber and Lyft drivers. . Int. J. Data Sci. 2:(4):8998
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Snell SA, Swart J, Morris S, Boon C. 2023.. The HR ecosystem: emerging trends and a future research agenda. . Hum. Resour. Manag. 62:(1):514
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  110. Spreitzer GM, Cameron L, Garrett L. 2017.. Alternative work arrangements: two images of the new world of work. . Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 4::47399
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  111. Stallkamp M, Schotter AP. 2021.. Platforms without borders? The international strategies of digital platform firms. . Glob. Strateg. J. 11:(1):5880
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  112. Strohmeier S. 2020.. Algorithmic decision making in HRM. . In Encyclopedia of Electronic HRM, ed. T Bondarouk, S Fisher , pp. 5459. Berlin:: De Gruyter
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Strohmeier S, Piazza F. 2015.. Artificial intelligence techniques in human resource management—a conceptual exploration. . In Intelligent Techniques in Engineering Management: Theory and Applications, ed. C Kahraman, S Çevik Onar , pp. 14972. Cham, Switz:.: Springer
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Taft M. 2018.. Inside the remedial customer service class for deactivated Uber drivers. . Outline, Sept. 14. https://theoutline.com/post/6179/inside-the-remedial-customer-service-class-for-deactivated-uber-drivers
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Tambe P, Cappelli P, Yakubovich V. 2019.. Artificial intelligence in human resources management: challenges and a path forward. . Calif. Manag. Rev. 61:(4):1542
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  116. Tassinari A, Maccarrone V. 2020.. Riders on the storm: workplace solidarity among gig economy couriers in Italy and the UK. . Work Employ. Soc. 34:(1):3554
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  117. Vallas S, Schor JB. 2020.. What do platforms do? Understanding the gig economy. . Annu. Rev. Sociol. 46::27394
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  118. Van Alstyne MW, Parker GG, Choudary SP. 2016.. Pipelines, platforms, and the new rules of strategy. . Harv. Bus. Rev. 94:(4):5462
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Van den Bergh J, Beliën J, De Bruecker P, Demeulemeester E, De Boeck L. 2013.. Personnel scheduling: a literature review. . Euro. J. Oper. Res. 226:(3):36785
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  120. Van den Broek E, Sergeeva A, Huysman M. 2021.. When the machine meets the expert: an ethnography of developing AI for hiring. . MIS Q. 45:(3):155780
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  121. Van den Groenendaal SME, Freese C, Poell R, Kooij DT. 2023.. Inclusive human resource management in freelancers’ employment relationships: the role of organizational needs and freelancers’ psychological contracts. . Hum. Resour. Manag. J. 33:(1):22440
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  122. Van Doorn N. 2020.. At what price? Labour politics and calculative power struggles in on-demand food delivery. . Work Organ. Labour Glob. 14:(1):13649
    [Google Scholar]
  123. Van Oort M. 2019.. The emotional labor of surveillance: digital control in fast fashion retail. . Crit. Sociol. 45:(7–8):116779
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  124. Veen A, Barratt T, Goods C. 2020.. Platform-capital's ‘app-etite’ for control: a labour process analysis of food-delivery work in Australia. . Work Employ. Soc. 34:(3):388406
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  125. Waldkirch M, Bucher E, Schou PK, Grünwald E. 2021.. Controlled by the algorithm, coached by the crowd—how HRM activities take shape on digital work platforms in the gig economy. . Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 32:(12):264382
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  126. Watson GP, Kistler LD, Graham BA, Sinclair RR. 2021.. Looking at the gig picture: defining gig work and explaining profile differences in gig workers’ job demands and resources. . Group Organ. Manag. 46:(2):32761
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  127. Wong SI, Kost D, Fieseler C. 2021.. From crafting what you do to building resilience for career commitment in the gig economy. . Hum. Resour. Manag. 31:(4):91835
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  128. Wood AJ. 2021.. Algorithmic management consequences for work organisation and working conditions. Work. Pap. No. 2021/07 , Joint Res. Cent., Seville, Spain:. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/233886/1/1757203559.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Wood AJ, Graham M, Lehdonvirta V, Hjorth I. 2019.. Good gig, bad gig: autonomy and algorithmic control in the global gig economy. . Work Employ. Soc. 33:(1):5675
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  130. Wood AJ, Lehdonvirta V. 2023.. Platforms disrupting reputation: precarity and recognition struggles in the remote gig economy. . Sociology 57:(5):9991016
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  131. Yao Y. 2020.. Uberizing the legal profession? Lawyer autonomy and status in the digital legal market. . Brit. J. Ind. Relat. 58:(3):483506
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  132. Zwettler C, Straub C, Spurk D. 2023.. Kicking off a gig work career: unfolding a career learning cycle of gig workers. . J. Career Assess. 2023::10690727231212188
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110622-070928
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110622-070928
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error