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Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Volume 65, 2025

Trichloroethylene: An Update on an Environmental Contaminant with Multiple Health Effects

  • Lawrence H. Lash1
  • Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; email: [email protected]
  • Vol. 65:507-527 (Volume publication date January 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on August 02, 2024
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

The halogenated solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) has had many uses in medicine, construction, consumer products, and the military. Many of these uses have been discontinued or restricted due to its toxicity, which affects multiple target organs and includes both acute, high-dose toxicity and chronic, low-dose toxicity that also encompass several cancers. US and international agencies have conducted risk and hazard assessments for TCE, with comprehensive publications coming out in the last 10–15 years. Accordingly, the focus of this article is to review recently published data since that time (i.e., 2014) that clarify unsettled questions or provide additional insights into the metabolism and mechanisms of toxicity of TCE in several target organs. Besides metabolism, the review focuses on the kidneys, liver, immune system, nervous system, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, the search for biomarkers, and recent analyses of human cancer risk and incidence from TCE exposure.

Keyword(s): immunotoxicity, kidney, liver, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease, reproductive and developmental toxicity
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2025-01-23
2025-06-16
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022724-120525
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Trichloroethylene: An Update on an Environmental Contaminant with Multiple Health Effects
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 65, 507 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022724-120525
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022724-120525
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022724-120525
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