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Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Volume 65, 2025

Pollution of Soil by Pharmaceuticals: Implications for Metazoan and Environmental Health

  • Chubin Zhang1, Leon P. Barron1,2 and Stephen R. Stürzenbaum1
  • 1Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; email: [email protected] 2MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  • Vol. 65:547-565 (Volume publication date January 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on September 03, 2024
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

The use of pharmaceuticals has grown substantially and their consequential release via wastewaters poses a potential threat to aquatic and terrestrial environments. While transportation prediction models for aquatic environments are well established, they cannot be universally extrapolated to terrestrial systems. Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are, for example, readily detected in the excreta of terrestrial organisms (including humans). Furthermore, the trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals to and from food webs is often overlooked, which in turn highlights a public health concern and emphasizes the pressing need to elucidate how today's potpourri of pharmaceuticals affect the terrestrial system, their biophysical behaviors, and their interactions with soil metazoans. This review explores the existing knowledge base of pharmaceutical exposure sources, mobility, persistence, (bio)availability, (bio)accumulation, (bio)magnification, and trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals through the soil and terrestrial food chains.

Keyword(s): biosolids, food chain, metabolism, pharmaceuticals, soil, wastewater irrigation
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2025-01-23
2025-06-21
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030124-111214
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Pollution of Soil by Pharmaceuticals: Implications for Metazoan and Environmental Health
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 65, 547 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030124-111214
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030124-111214
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030124-111214
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