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Annual Review of Public Health

Volume 46, 2025

Opportunities to Improve Health Equity for Employees in Low-Wage Industries in the United States

  • Peggy A. Hannon1, Jeffrey R. Harris1 and David R. Doody2
  • 1Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; email: [email protected] 2Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
  • Vol. 46:295-313 (Volume publication date April 2025)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on November 20, 2024
  • Copyright © 2025 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information.

Abstract

This review describes employees working in low-wage industries in the United States, their health risks, and their access to health promotion and other health-related resources through their employers. We use publicly available datasets to illustrate how low-wage jobs affect employees’ social determinants of health, health risk behaviors, and chronic conditions. We also discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted these employees’ and employers’ health-related priorities and work settings. We describe employees’ access to health supports through federal programs and their employers and the potential ways in which low-wage employers could support employee health and well-being. We close with a brief research and practice agenda to improve health equity for employees in low-wage industries. The goal of this review is to help practitioners and researchers in workplace health promotion, occupational health, and public health reach employees and employers in low-wage industries with interventions that address employees’ health risks and employees’ and employers’ health priorities.

Keyword(s): employment, health equity, health promotion, income, SDOH, social determinants of health, workplace
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2025-04-04
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Opportunities to Improve Health Equity for Employees in Low-Wage Industries in the United States
Annual Review of Public Health 46, 295 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120104
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120104
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120104
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