1932

Abstract

The private sector has assumed a larger role in developing improved technology for food and agriculture, with private agricultural R&D spending growing faster than public agricultural R&D spending over the past several decades. Major drivers have been new commercial opportunities afforded by scientific advances and liberalization of agricultural input markets. Along with rising private R&D investment, agricultural input industries have undergone significant structural changes. These developments have been pronounced in both high-income and developing countries. The rising importance of private R&D, however, does not imply a diminished role of the public sector, as most empirical evidence points to complementarities between public and private agricultural R&D.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-resource-100814-125115
2015-10-05
2024-12-11
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/resource/7/1/annurev-resource-100814-125115.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-resource-100814-125115&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Alfranca O, Huffman W. 2001. Impact of institutions and public research on private agricultural research. Agric. Econ. 25:191–98 [Google Scholar]
  2. Alston JM. 2004. Horticultural biotechnology faces significant economic and market barriers. Calif. Agric. 58:80–88 [Google Scholar]
  3. Alston JM, Andersen MA, James JS, Pardey PG. 2010. Persistence Pays: U.S. Agricultural Productivity Growth and the Benefits from Public R&D Spending New York: Springer [Google Scholar]
  4. Ball E, Schimmelpfennig D, Wang SL. 2013. Is U.S. agricultural productivity growth slowing?. Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy 35:435–50 [Google Scholar]
  5. Barrows G, Sexton S, Zilberman D. 2013. The impact of agricultural biotechnology on supply and land use. Environ. Dev. Econ. 19:676–703 [Google Scholar]
  6. Barrows G, Sexton S, Zilberman D. 2014. Agricultural biotechnology: the promise and prospects of genetically modified crops. J. Econ. Perspect. 28:99–120 [Google Scholar]
  7. Bervejillo J, Alston J, Tumber K. 2012. The benefits from public agricultural research in Uruguay. Aust. J. Agric. Resour. Econ. 56:475–97 [Google Scholar]
  8. Bientema N, Stads GJ, Fuglie K, Heisey P. 2012. ASTI Global Assessment of Agricultural R&D Spending: Developing Countries Accelerate Investment Washington, DC: Int. Food Policy Res. Inst. (IFPRI) [Google Scholar]
  9. Brookes G, Barfoot P. 2009. Global impact of biotech crops: income and production effects 1996–2007. AgBioForum 12(2):184–208
  10. Brookes G, Barfoot P. 2014. Economic impacts of GM crops. GM Crops Food 5:65–75 [Google Scholar]
  11. Buccola S, Erwin D, Yang H. 2009. Research choice and finance in university bioscience. South. Econ. J. 75:1238–55 [Google Scholar]
  12. Cohen J. 2005. Poorer nations turn to publicly developed GM crops. Nat. Biotechnol. 23:27–33 [Google Scholar]
  13. Da Silveira J, da Silva J, Pray CE. 2015. Private agribusiness research in Brazil. Unpubl. Pap., Univ. Campinas
  14. Dasgupta P, Stiglitz J. 1980. Industrial structure and the nature of innovative activity. Econ. J. 90:266–93 [Google Scholar]
  15. David P, Hall B, Toole A. 2000. Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D? A review of the econometric evidence. Res. Policy 29:497–529 [Google Scholar]
  16. Day-Rubenstein K, Smale M, Widrlechner M. 2007. Demand for genetic resources and the U.S. national plant germplasm system. Crop Sci. 42:1021–31 [Google Scholar]
  17. Echeverria R. 1991. Impact of research and seed trade on maize productivity. Agricultural Research Policy: International Quantitative Perspectives Pardey PG, Roseboom J, Anderson JR. 365–96 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  18. Evenson RE, Pingali PL. 2007a. Handbook of Agricultural Economics Vol. III. Amsterdam: Elsevier [Google Scholar]
  19. Evenson RE, Pingali PL. 2007b. Overview. See Evenson & Pingali 2007a, pp. 2253–80
  20. Evenson RE, Pray CE, Rosegrant M. 1999. Agricultural research and productivity growth in India. Res. Rep. 109, IFPRI
  21. Frey K. 1996. National Plant Breeding Study-I: human and financial resources devoted to plant breeding research and developing in the United States in 1994. Spec. Rep. 98, Iowa Agric. Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Iowa State Univ., Ames
  22. Fuglie K. 2012. Productivity growth and technology capital in the global agricultural economy. Productivity Growth in Agriculture: An International Perspective Fuglie K, Wang SL, Ball VE. 335–68 Washington, DC: CABI [Google Scholar]
  23. Fuglie K, Ballenger N, Day K, Klotz C, Ollinger M et al. 1996. Agricultural research and development: public and private investments under alternative markets and institutions. Agric. Econ. Rep. 735, ERS, US Dep. Agric.
  24. Fuglie K, Heisey P, King JL, Pray CE, Day-Rubenstein K et al. 2011. Research investments and market structure in the food processing, agriculture input and biofuel industries worldwide. Rep. 130, ERS, US Dep. Agric.
  25. Fuglie K, Heisey P, King JL, Pray CE, Schimmelpfennig D. 2012. The contribution of private industry to agricultural innovation. Science 338:1031–32 [Google Scholar]
  26. Fuglie K, Toole A. 2014. The evolving institutional structure of public and private agricultural research. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 96:862–83 [Google Scholar]
  27. Fuglie K, Walker TS. 2001. Economic incentives and resource allocation in U.S. public and private plant breeding. J. Agric. Appl. Econ. 33:459–73 [Google Scholar]
  28. Gopinath M, Roe T. 2000. R&D spillovers: evidence from U.S. food processing, farm machinery and agricultural sectors. Econ. Innov. New Technol. 9:223–44 [Google Scholar]
  29. Hayami Y, Ruttan VW. 1985. Agricultural Development: An International Perspective Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  30. Hu R, Liang Q, Pray CE, Huang J, Jin Y. 2011. Privatization, public R&D policy, and private R&D investment in China’s agriculture. J. Agric. Res. Econ. 36:416–32 [Google Scholar]
  31. Huffman WE, Evenson RE. 1993. Science for Agriculture: A Long-Term Perspective Ames, IA: Blackwell, 1st ed.. [Google Scholar]
  32. Huffman WE, Evenson RE. 2006. Science for Agriculture: A Long-Term Perspective Ames, IA: Blackwell, 2nd ed.. [Google Scholar]
  33. James C. 2013. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2013. Br., ISAAA (International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications)
  34. Johnson DKN, Evenson RE. 1999. R&D spillovers in agriculture: measurement and application. Contemp. Econ. Policy 17:432–56 [Google Scholar]
  35. Kathage J, Qaim M, Kassie M, Shiferaw B. 2012. Seed market liberalization, hybrid maize adoption, and impacts on smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Glob. Food Discuss. Pap. 12, Georg-August-Univ.
  36. King J, Toole A, Fuglie K. 2012. The complementary roles of the public and private sectors in U.S. agricultural research and development. Econ. Br. 19, ERS, US Dep. Agric.
  37. Kirsten J, Stander R, Haankuku C. 2010. Measuring private research and innovation in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: a South Africa country report. Rep., IFPRI. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/pdf/private-sector/SouthAfrica-PS-Report.pdf
  38. Klotz C, Fuglie K, Pray CE. 1995. Private sector agricultural research expenditures in the United States, 1960–1992. Staff Pap. AGES-9525, ERS, US Dep. Agric.
  39. Klümper W, Qaim M. 2014. A meta-analysis of the impacts of genetically modified crops. PLOS ONE 9:e111629 [Google Scholar]
  40. Mwala M, Gisselquist D. 2012. Private-sector agricultural research and innovation in Zambia: overview, impact, and policy options. Rep., IFPRI. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/pdf/private-sector/Zambia-PS-Report.pdf
  41. Narrod C, Fuglie K. 2000. Private investment in livestock breeding with implications for public research policy. Agribusiness 16:457–70 [Google Scholar]
  42. Narrod C, Pray CE. 2002. Technology, policies, and the role of the private sector in the global poultry revolution. Work. Pap., Dep. Agric. Food Resour. Econ., Rutgers Univ.
  43. Nieuwoudt W, Nieuwoudt T. 2004. The rate of return on R&D in the South African sugar industry, 1925–2001. Agrekon 43:265–75 [Google Scholar]
  44. OECD 2002. Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development Paris: OECD doi: 10.1787/9789264199040-en [Google Scholar]
  45. Pardey P, Alston J. 2011. For want of a nail: the case for increased agricultural R&D spending. American Boondoggle: Fixing the 2012 Farm Bill1–17 Washington, DC: Am. Enterp. Inst. [Google Scholar]
  46. Pardey P, Koo B, Drew J, Horwich J, Nottenburg C. 2013. The evolving landscape of plant varietal rights in the United States, 1930–2008. Nat. Biotechnol. 31:25–39 [Google Scholar]
  47. Pingali PL, Traxler G. 2002. Changing locus of agricultural research: Will the poor benefit from biotechnology and privatization trends?. Food Policy 27:223–38 [Google Scholar]
  48. Pray CE, Byerlee D, Nagarajan L. 2015. Private-sector investment in Africa. Agricultural Research in Africa: Investing in Future Harvests Beintema N, Lynam J. Chapter 7. Washington, DC: IFPRI. Forthcoming [Google Scholar]
  49. Pray CE, Fuglie K. 2001. Private investment in agricultural research and international technology transfer in Asia. Agric. Econ. Rep. 805, ERS, US Dep. Agric.
  50. Pray CE, Fuglie K, Johnson DKN. 2007. Private agricultural research. See Evenson & Pingali 2007a, pp. 2607–45
  51. Pray CE, Nagarajan L. 2013. Role of biotechnology in stimulating agribusiness R&D investment in India. AgBioForum 16:104–11
  52. Pray CE, Nagarajan L. 2014. The transformation of the Indian agricultural input industry: Has it increased agricultural R&D?. Agric. Econ. 45:145–56 [Google Scholar]
  53. Pray CE, Nagarajan L, Huang J, Hu R, Ramaswami B. 2011. The impact of Bt cotton and the potential impact of biotechnology on other crops in China and India. In Frontiers of Economics and Globalization. Vol. 10: Genetically Modified Food and Global Welfare, ed. CA Carter, G Moschini, I Sheldon, pp. 83–114. Bingley, UK: Emerald
  54. Pray CE, Ramaswami B. 2001. Technology, IPR, and reform options: a case study of the seed industry with implications for other input industries. Int. Food Agric. Mark. Rev. 2:407–20 [Google Scholar]
  55. Pray CE, Umali-Deininger D. 1998. The private sector in agricultural research systems: Will it fill the gap?. World Dev. 26:1127–48 [Google Scholar]
  56. Qaim M. 2009. The economics of genetically modified crops. Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ. 1:665–93 [Google Scholar]
  57. Roseboom J. 1999. Sources of technological innovation in Brazilian agriculture. Discuss. Pap. 99-12, ISNAR
  58. Spielman D, Hartwich F, von Grebmer K. 2007. Sharing science, building bridges, and enhancing impact: public-private partnerships in the CGIAR. Discuss. Pap. 708, IFPRI
  59. Stads GJ, Sène L. 2011. Private-sector agricultural research and innovation in Senegal: recent policy, investment, and capacity trends Rep., IFPRI. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/pdf/private-sector/Senegal-PS-Report.pdf [Google Scholar]
  60. Tokgoz S. 2006. Private agricultural R&D in the United States. J. Agric. Resour. Econ. 31:212–38 [Google Scholar]
  61. Tokgoz S, Fuglie K. 2013. Public policy, induced innovation, and private research: the case of agriculture. Presented at AAEA Annu. Conf., Washington, DC
  62. Toole A. 2007. Does public scientific research complement private investment in research and development in the pharmaceutical industry?. J. Law Econ. 50:81–104 [Google Scholar]
  63. Toole A, King JL. 2011. Industry-science connections in agriculture: Do public science collaborations and knowledge flows contribute to firm-level agricultural research productivity? Discuss. Pap. 11-064, Cent. Eur. Econ. Res. (ZEW)
  64. Wang C, Xia Y, Buccola S. 2009. Public investment and industry incentives in life-science research. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 91:374–88 [Google Scholar]
  65. Wang SL, Heisey P, Huffman WE, Fuglie K. 2013. Public R&D, private R&D, and U.S. agricultural productivity growth: dynamic and long-run relationships. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 95:1287–93 [Google Scholar]
  66. Wilkinson J, Castelli P. 2000. The internationalization of Brazil’s seed industry: biotechnology, patents and biodiversity. Discuss. Pap., Action Aid
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-resource-100814-125115
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-resource-100814-125115
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error