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Annual Review of Virology

Volume 6, 2019

Expanding the RNA Virosphere by Unbiased Metagenomics

  • Yong-Zhen Zhang1,2, Yan-Mei Chen1,2, Wen Wang2, Xin-Chen Qin2 and Edward C. Holmes1,2,3
  • 1Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; email: [email protected] 2Department of Zoonosis, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China 3Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
  • Vol. 6:119-139 (Volume publication date September 2019)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on May 17, 2019
  • Copyright © 2019 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved

Abstract

Although viruses comprise the most abundant genetic material in the biosphere, to date only several thousand virus species have been formally defined. Such a limited perspective on virus diversity has in part arisen because viruses were traditionally considered only as etiologic agents of overt disease in humans or economically important species and were often difficult to identify using cell culture. This view has dramatically changed with the rise of metagenomics, which is transforming virus discovery and revealing a remarkable diversity of viruses sampled from diverse cellular organisms. These newly discovered viruses help fill major gaps in the evolutionary history of viruses, revealing a near continuum of diversity among genera, families, and even orders of RNA viruses. Herein, we review some of the recent advances in our understanding of the RNA virosphere that have stemmed from metagenomics, note future directions, and highlight some of the remaining challenges to this rapidly developing field.

Keyword(s): diversity, evolution, genomics, metatranscriptomics, taxonomy, virosphere
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2019-09-29
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Expanding the RNA Virosphere by Unbiased Metagenomics
Annual Review of Virology 6, 119 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015851
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