Food Allergies: Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Treatment/Prevention Strategies

Literature Cited

1. Abernathy-Carver KJ, Sampson HA, Picker LJ, Leung DY. 1995. Milk-induced eczema is associated with the expansion of T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen. J. Clin. Invest. 95:913–18 [Google Scholar]
2. Andre F, Pene J, Andre C. 1996. Interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from food-allergic patients. Allergy 51:350–55 [Google Scholar]
3. Ballmer-Weber BK, Hoffmann A, Wuthrich B, Luttkopf D, Pompei C. et al. 2002. Influence of food processing on the allergenicity of celery: DBPCFC with celery spice and cooked celery in patients with celery allergy. Allergy 57:228–35 [Google Scholar]
4. Ballmer-Weber BK, Vieths S, Luttkopf D, Heuschmann P, Wuthrich B. 2000. Celery allergy confirmed by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge: a clinical study in 32 subjects with a history of adverse reactions to celery root. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 106:373–78 [Google Scholar]
5. Ballmer-Weber BK, Wuthrich B, Wangorsch A, Fotisch K, Altmann F, Vieths S. 2001. Carrot allergy: double-blinded, placebo-controlled food challenge and identification of allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108:301–7 [Google Scholar]
6. Deleted in proof
7. Beyer K, Castro R, Birnbaum A, Benkov K, Pittman N, Sampson HA. 2002. Human milk-specific mucosal lymphocytes of the gastrointestinal tract display a TH2 cytokine profile. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109:707–13 [Google Scholar]
8. Beyer K, Castro R, Feidel C, Sampson HA. 2002. Milk-induced urticaria is associated with the expansion of T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109:688–93 [Google Scholar]
9. Beyer K, Ellman-Grunther L, Jarvinen KM, Wood RA, Hourihane J, Sampson HA. 2003. Measurement of peptide-specific IgE as an additional tool in identifying patients with clinical reactivity to peanuts. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:202–7 [Google Scholar]
10. Beyer K, Morrow E, Li XM, Bardina L, Bannon GA. et al. 2001. Effects of cooking methods on peanut allergenicity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107:1077–81 [Google Scholar]
11. Bock SA. 1987. Prospective appraisal of complaints of adverse reactions to foods in children during the first 3 years of life. Pediatrics 79:683–88 [Google Scholar]
12. Bock SA, Atkins FM. 1989. The natural history of peanut allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 83:900–4 [Google Scholar]
13. Bock SA, Atkins FM. 1990. Patterns of food hypersensitivity during sixteen years of double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges. J. Pediatr. 117:561–67 [Google Scholar]
14. Bock SA, Lee WY, Remigio LK, May CD. 1978. Studies of hypersensitivity reactions to foods in infants and children. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 62:327–34 [Google Scholar]
15. Bock SA, Munoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. 2001. Fatalities due to anaphylactic reactions to foods. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107:191–93 [Google Scholar]
16. Bock SA, Sampson HA, Atkins FM, Zeiger RS, Lehrer S. et al. 1988. Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) as an office procedure: a manual. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 82:986–97 [Google Scholar]
17. Boyano MT, Garcia-Ara C, Diaz-Pena JM, Munoz FM, Garcia SG, Esteban MM. 2001. Validity of specific IgE antibodies in children with egg allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy 31:1464–69 [Google Scholar]
18. Brandtzaeg P. 2001. Nature and function of gastrointestinal antigen-presenting cells. Allergy 56:(Suppl. 67) 16–20 [Google Scholar]
19. Breiteneder H, Radauer C. 2004. A classification of plant food allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 113:821–30 [Google Scholar]
20. Brown SG. 2004. Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114:371–76 [Google Scholar]
21. Burks AW, James JM, Hiegel A, Wilson G, Wheeler JG. et al. 1998. Atopic dermatitis and food hypersensitivity reactions. J. Pediatr. 132:132–36 [Google Scholar]
22. Burks AW, Mallory SB, Williams LW, Shirrell MA. 1988. Atopic dermatitis: clinical relevance of food hypersensitivity reactions. J. Pediatr. 113:447–51 [Google Scholar]
23. Burks AW, Sampson HA. 1997. Anaphylaxis and food allergy. In Food Allergy: Adverse Reactions to Foods and Food Additives ed. DD Metcalfe, HA Sampson, RA Simon pp. 245–57 Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Sci. [Google Scholar]
24. Burks W, Bannon G, Lehrer SB. 2001. Classic specific immunotherapy and new perspectives in specific immunotherapy for food allergy. Allergy 56:(Suppl. 67) 121–24 [Google Scholar]
25. Campbell DE, Hill DJ, Kemp AS. 1998. Enhanced IL-4 but normal interferon-gamma production in children with isolated IgE mediated food hypersensitivity. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 9:68–72 [Google Scholar]
26. Chatchatee P, Jarvinen KM, Bardina L, Beyer K, Sampson HA. 2001. Identification of IgE- and IgG-binding epitopes on alpha(s1)-casein: differences in patients with persistent and transient cow's milk allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107:379–83 [Google Scholar]
27. Chatchatee P, Jarvinen KM, Bardina L, Vila L, Beyer K, Sampson HA. 2001. Identification of IgE and IgG binding epitopes on beta- and kappa-casein in cow's milk allergic patients. Clin. Exp. Allergy 31:1256–62 [Google Scholar]
28. Chehade M, Mayer L. 2005. Oral tolerance and its relation to food hypersensitivities. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115:3–12 [Google Scholar]
29. Cooke SK, Sampson HA. 1997. Allergenic properties of ovomucoid in man. J. Immunol. 159:2026–32 [Google Scholar]
30. Dalal I, Binson I, Reifen R, Amitai Z, Shohat T. et al. 2002. Food allergy is a matter of geography after all: sesame as a major cause of severe IgE-mediated food allergic reactions among infants and young children in Israel. Allergy 57:362–65 [Google Scholar]
31. de Jong EC, Spanhaak S, Martens BP, Kapsenberg ML, Penninks AH, Wierenga EA. 1996. Food allergen (peanut)-specific TH2 clones generated from the peripheral blood of a patient with peanut allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 98:73–81 [Google Scholar]
32. Dewar DH, Ciclitira PJ. 2005. Clinical features and diagnosis of celiac disease. Gastroenterology 128:S19–24 [Google Scholar]
33. Eigenmann PA, Tropia L, Hauser C. 1999. The mucosal adhesion receptor alpha4beta7 integrin is selectively increased in lymphocytes stimulated with beta-lactoglobulin in children allergic to cow's milk. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 103:931–36 [Google Scholar]
34. Faubion WA Jr, Perrault J, Burgart LJ, Zein NN, Clawson M, Freese DK. 1998. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with inhaled corticosteroids. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 27:90–93 [Google Scholar]
35. Fleischer DM, Conover-Walker MK, Christie L, Burks AW, Wood RA. 2003. The natural progression of peanut allergy: resolution and the possibility of recurrence. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:183–89 [Google Scholar]
36. Fleischer DM, Conover-Walker MK, Christie L, Burks AW, Wood RA. 2004. Peanut allergy: recurrence and its management. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114:1195–201 [Google Scholar]
37. Garcia-Ara C, Boyano-Martinez T, Diaz-Pena JM, Martin-Munoz F, Reche-Frutos M, Martin-Esteban M. 2001. Specific IgE levels in the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity to cows' milk protein in the infant. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107:185–90 [Google Scholar]
38. Goh DL, Lau YN, Chew FT, Shek LP, Lee BW. 1999. Pattern of food-induced anaphylaxis in children of an Asian community. Allergy 54:84–86 [Google Scholar]
39. Grundy J, Matthews S, Bateman B, Dean T, Arshad SH. 2002. Rising prevalence of allergy to peanut in children: data from 2 sequential cohorts. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 110:784–89 [Google Scholar]
40. Hansen KS, Ballmer-Weber BK, Luttkopf D, Skov PS, Wuthrich B. et al. 2003. Roasted hazelnuts—allergenic activity evaluated by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Allergy 58:132–38 [Google Scholar]
41. Hattevig G, Sigurs N, Kjellman B. 1999. Effects of maternal dietary avoidance during lactation on allergy in children at 10 years of age. Acta Paediatr. 88:7–12 [Google Scholar]
42. Hoffman KM, Ho DG, Sampson HA. 1997. Evaluation of the usefulness of lymphocyte proliferation assays in the diagnosis of allergy to cow's milk. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 99:360–66 [Google Scholar]
43. Holt PG, Macaubas C, Stumbles PA, Sly PD. 1999. The role of allergy in the development of asthma. Nature 402:B12–17 [Google Scholar]
44. Hourihane JO, Roberts SA, Warner JO. 1998. Resolution of peanut allergy: case-control study 1. BMJ 316:1271–75 [Google Scholar]
45. Janatuinen EK, Pikkarainen PH, Kemppainen TA, Kosma VM, Jarvinen RM. et al. 1995. A comparison of diets with and without oats in adults with celiac disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 333:1033–37 [Google Scholar]
46. Jarvinen KM, Beyer K, Vila L, Chatchatee P, Busse PJ, Sampson HA. 2002. B-cell epitopes as a screening instrument for persistent cow's milk allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 110:293–97 [Google Scholar]
47. Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ. et al. 2004. Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 113:832–36 [Google Scholar]
48. Kagan RS, Joseph L, Dufresne C, Gray-Donald K, Turnbull E. et al. 2003. Prevalence of peanut allergy in primary-school children in Montreal, Canada. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:1223–28 [Google Scholar]
49. Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Poussa T, Arvilommi H, Isolauri E. 2003. Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 361:1869–71 [Google Scholar]
50. Karlsson MR, Rugtveit J, Brandtzaeg P. 2004. Allergen-responsive CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in children who have outgrown cow's milk allergy. J. Exp. Med. 199:1679–88 [Google Scholar]
51. Kelly KJ, Lazenby AJ, Rowe PC, Yardley JH, Perman JA, Sampson HA. 1995. Eosinophilic esophagitis attributed to gastroesophageal reflux: improvement with an amino acid-based formula. Gastroenterology 109:1503–12 [Google Scholar]
52. Khan S. 2005. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 19:177–98 [Google Scholar]
53. Kondo N, Agata H, Fukutomi O, Motoyoshi F, Orii T. 1990. Lymphocyte responses to food antigens in patients with atopic dermatitis who are sensitive to foods. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 86:253–60 [Google Scholar]
54. Kuchroo VK, Das MP, Brown JA, Ranger AM, Zamvil SS. et al. 1995. B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: application to autoimmune disease therapy. Cell 80:707–18 [Google Scholar]
55. Kupper C. 2005. Dietary guidelines and implementation for celiac disease. Gastroenterology 128:S121–27 [Google Scholar]
56. Lack G, Fox D, Northstone K, Golding J. 2003. Factors associated with the development of peanut allergy in childhood. N. Engl. J. Med. 348:977–85 [Google Scholar]
57. Leung DY. 1998. Molecular basis of allergic diseases. Mol. Genet. Metab. 63:157–67 [Google Scholar]
58. Leung DY, Sampson HA, Yunginger JW, Burks AW Jr, Schneider LC. et al. 2003. Effect of anti-IgE therapy in patients with peanut allergy. N. Engl. J. Med. 348:986–93 [Google Scholar]
59. Li XM, Sampson HA. 2004. Novel approaches to immunotherapy for food allergy. Clin. Allergy Immunol. 18:663–79 [Google Scholar]
60. Liacouras CA, Wenner WJ, Brown K, Ruchelli E. 1998. Primary eosinophilic esophagitis in children: successful treatment with oral corticosteroids. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 26:380–85 [Google Scholar]
61. Loveless MH. 1950. Milk allergy: a survey of its incidence; experiments with a masked ingestion test. J. Allergy 21:489–500 [Google Scholar]
62. Lucas A, Brooke OG, Morley R, Cole TJ, Bamford MF. 1990. Early diet of preterm infants and development of allergic or atopic disease: randomised prospective study. BMJ 300:837–40 [Google Scholar]
63. Maleki SJ, Viquez O, Jacks T, Dodo H, Champagne ET. et al. 2003. The major peanut allergen, Ara h 2, functions as a trypsin inhibitor, and roasting enhances this function. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:190–95 [Google Scholar]
64. Mari A, Ballmer-Weber BK, Vieths S. 2005. The oral allergy syndrome: improved diagnostic and treatment methods. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 5:267–73 [Google Scholar]
65. May CD. 1976. Objective clinical and laboratory studies of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods in asthmatic children. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 58:500–15 [Google Scholar]
66. May CD, Remigio L, Feldman J, Bock SA, Carr RI. 1977. A study of serum antibodies to isolated milk proteins and ovalbumin in infants and children. Clin. Allergy 7:583–95 [Google Scholar]
67. Mittag D, Vieths S, Vogel L, Becker WM, Rihs HP. et al. 2004. Soybean allergy in patients allergic to birch pollen: clinical investigation and molecular characterization of allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 113:148–54 [Google Scholar]
68. Myers LA. 2000. Skin tests, in vitro tests. In Allergy in Primary Care ed. LC Altman, JW Becker, PV Williams pp. 37–47 Philadelphia: Saunders [Google Scholar]
69. Noma T, Yoshizawa I, Aoki K, Yamaguchi K, Baba M. 1996. Cytokine production in children outgrowing hen egg allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy 26:1298–307 [Google Scholar]
70. Oppenheimer JJ, Nelson HS, Bock SA, Christensen F, Leung DY. 1992. Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 90:256–62 [Google Scholar]
71. Orenstein SR, Shalaby TM, Di LC, Putnam PE, Sigurdsson L. et al. 2000. The spectrum of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis beyond infancy: a clinical series of 30 children. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95:1422–30 [Google Scholar]
72. Ortolani C, Ispano M, Pastorello EA, Ansaloni R, Magri GC. 1989. Comparison of results of skin prick tests (with fresh foods and commercial food extracts) and RAST in 100 patients with oral allergy syndrome. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 83:683–90 [Google Scholar]
73. Pastorello EA, Robino AM. 2004. Clinical role of lipid transfer proteins in food allergy. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 48:356–62 [Google Scholar]
74. Perez-Machado MA, Ashwood P, Thomson MA, Latcham F, Sim R. et al. 2003. Reduced transforming growth factor-beta1-producing T cells in the duodenal mucosa of children with food allergy. Eur. J. Immunol. 33:2307–15 [Google Scholar]
75. Perry TT, Conover-Walker MK, Pomes A, Chapman MD, Wood RA. 2004. Distribution of peanut allergen in the environment. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 113:973–76 [Google Scholar]
76. Perry TT, Matsui EC, Conover-Walker MK, Wood RA. 2004. Risk of oral food challenges. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114:1164–68 [Google Scholar]
77. Perry TT, Matsui EC, Conover-Walker MK, Wood RA. 2004. The relationship of allergen-specific IgE levels and oral food challenge outcome. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114:144–49 [Google Scholar]
78. Pohjavuori E, Viljanen M, Korpela R, Kuitunen M, Tiittanen M. et al. 2004. Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN-gamma production in infants with cow's milk allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114:131–36 [Google Scholar]
79. Pons L, Ponnappan U, Hall RA, Simpson P, Cockrell G. et al. 2004. Soy immuno-therapy for peanut-allergic mice: modulation of the peanut-allergic response. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114:915–21 [Google Scholar]
80. Roberts G, Patel N, Levi-Schaffer F, Habibi P, Lack G. 2003. Food allergy as a risk factor for life-threatening asthma in childhood: a case-controlled study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:168–74 [Google Scholar]
81. Roehr CC, Edenharter G, Reimann S, Ehlers I, Worm M. et al. 2004. Food allergy and non-allergic food hypersensitivity in children and adolescents. Clin. Exp. Allergy 34:1534–41 [Google Scholar]
82. Romagnani S. 2000. The role of lymphocytes in allergic disease. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 105:399–408 [Google Scholar]
83. Sampson HA. 1983. Role of immediate food hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 71:473–80 [Google Scholar]
84. Sampson HA. 1992. The immuno-pathogenic role of food hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm. Venereol. Suppl. (Stockh.) 176:34–37 [Google Scholar]
85. Sampson HA. 1999. Food allergy. Part 1: immunopathogenesis and clinical disorders. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 103:717–28 [Google Scholar]
86. Sampson HA. 1999. Food allergy. Part 2: diagnosis and management J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 103:981–89 [Google Scholar]
87. Sampson HA. 2001. Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107:891–96 [Google Scholar]
88. Sampson HA. 2003. Anaphylaxis and emergency treatment. Pediatrics 111:1601–8 [Google Scholar]
89. Sampson HA. 2004. Update on food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 113:805–19 [Google Scholar]
90. Sampson HA, Albergo R. 1984. Comparison of results of skin tests, RAST, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges in children with atopic dermatitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 74:26–33 [Google Scholar]
91. Sampson HA, Anderson JA. 2000. Summary and recommendations: classification of gastrointestinal manifestations due to immunologic reactions to foods in infants and young children. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 30:(Suppl.) S87–94 [Google Scholar]
92. Sampson HA, Broadbent KR, Bernhisel-Broadbent J. 1989. Spontaneous release of histamine from basophils and histamine-releasing factor in patients with atopic dermatitis and food hypersensitivity. N. Engl. J. Med. 321:228–32 [Google Scholar]
93. Sampson HA, Ho DG. 1997. Relationship between food-specific IgE concentrations and the risk of positive food challenges in children and adolescents. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 100:444–51 [Google Scholar]
94. Sampson HA, Jolie PL. 1984. Increased plasma histamine concentrations after food challenges in children with atopic dermatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 311:372–76 [Google Scholar]
95. Sampson HA, McCaskill CC. 1985. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: evaluation of 113 patients. J. Pediatr. 107:669–75 [Google Scholar]
96. Sampson HA, Mendelson L, Rosen JP. 1992. Fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to food in children and adolescents. N. Engl. J. Med. 327:380–84 [Google Scholar]
97. Sampson HA, Scanlon SM. 1989. Natural history of food hypersensitivity in children with atopic dermatitis. J. Pediatr. 115:23–27 [Google Scholar]
98. Schade RP, Van Ieperen-Van Dijk AG, Van Reijsen FC, Versluis C, Kimpen JL. et al. 2000. Differences in antigen-specific T-cell responses between infants with atopic dermatitis with and without cow's milk allergy: relevance of TH2 cytokines. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 106:1155–62 [Google Scholar]
99. Schloss OM. 1912. A case of allergy to common foods. Am. J. Dis. Child. 3:341 [Google Scholar]
100. Scurlock A. 2005. Food allergy in children. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 25:369–88 [Google Scholar]
101. Sicherer SH, Munoz-Furlong A, Murphy R, Wood RA, Sampson HA. 2003. Symposium: Pediatric Food Allergy. Pediatrics 111:(6) 1591–94 [Google Scholar]
102. Shek LP, Soderstrom L, Ahlstedt S, Beyer K, Sampson HA. 2004. Determination of food specific IgE levels over time can predict the development of tolerance in cow's milk and hen's egg allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114:387–91 [Google Scholar]
103. Shreffler WG, Beyer K, Chu TH, Burks AW, Sampson HA. 2004. Microarray immunoassay: association of clinical history, in vitro IgE function, and heterogeneity of allergenic peanut epitopes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 113:776–82 [Google Scholar]
104. Sicherer SH. 1999. Food allergy: when and how to perform oral food challenges. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 10:226–34 [Google Scholar]
105. Sicherer SH. 2005. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: case presentations and management lessons. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115:149–56 [Google Scholar]
106. Sicherer SH, Morrow EH, Sampson HA. 2000. Dose-response in double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenges in children with atopic dermatitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 105:582–86 [Google Scholar]
107. Sicherer SH, Munoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. 2003. Prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergy in the United States determined by means of a random digit dial telephone survey: a 5-year follow-up study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:1203–7 [Google Scholar]
108. Simons FE. 2004. First-aid treatment of anaphylaxis to food: focus on epin-ephrine. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 113:837–44 [Google Scholar]
109. Simons FE, Chan ES, Gu X, Simons KJ. 2001. Epinephrine for the out-of-hospital (first-aid) treatment of anaphylaxis in infants: Is the ampule/syringe/needle method practical. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108:1040–44 [Google Scholar]
110. Simons FE, Gu X, Simons KJ. 2001. Epinephrine absorption in adults: intramuscular versus subcutaneous injection. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108:871–73 [Google Scholar]
111. Simons FE, Roberts JR, Gu X, Simons KJ. 1998. Epinephrine absorption in children with a history of anaphylaxis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 101:33–37 [Google Scholar]
112. Simonte SJ, Ma S, Mofidi S, Sicherer SH. 2003. Relevance of casual contact with peanut butter in children with peanut allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:180–82 [Google Scholar]
113. Skolnick HS, Conover-Walker MK, Koerner CB, Sampson HA, Burks W, Wood RA. 2001. The natural history of peanut allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107:367–74 [Google Scholar]
114. Smith HL. 1909. Buckwheat-poisoning with report of a case in man. Arch. Intern. Med. 3:350 [Google Scholar]
115. Spergel JM, Beausoleil JL, Mascarenhas M, Liacouras CA. 2002. The use of skin prick tests and patch tests to identify causative foods in eosinophilic esophagitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109:363–68 [Google Scholar]
116. Teitelbaum JE, Fox VL, Twarog FJ, Nurko S, Antonioli D. et al. 2002. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: immunopathological analysis and response to fluticasone propionate. Gastroenterology 122:1216–25 [Google Scholar]
117. Terr A. 2000. Controversial techniques in allergy. In Allergy in Primary Care ed. L Altman, JW Becker, PV Williams pp. 89–97 Philadelphia, PA: Saunders [Google Scholar]
118. Turcanu V, Maleki SJ, Lack G. 2003. Characterization of lymphocyte responses to peanuts in normal children, peanut-allergic children, and allergic children who acquired tolerance to peanuts. J. Clin. Invest. 111:1065–72 [Google Scholar]
119. Untersmayr E, Bakos N, Scholl I, Kundi M, Roth-Walter F. et al. 2005. Anti-ulcer drugs promote IgE formation toward dietary antigens in adult patients. FASEB J. 19:656–58 [Google Scholar]
120. Untersmayr E, Scholl I, Swoboda I, Beil WJ, Forster-Waldl E. et al. 2003. Antacid medication inhibits digestion of dietary proteins and causes food allergy: a fish allergy model in BALB/c mice. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:616–23 [Google Scholar]
121. Vila L, Beyer K, Jarvinen KM, Chatchatee P, Bardina L, Sampson HA. 2001. Role of conformational and linear epitopes in the achievement of tolerance in cow's milk allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy 31:1599–606 [Google Scholar]
122. von BA, Koletzko S, Grubl A, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Wichmann HE. et al. 2003. The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 111:533–40 [Google Scholar]
123. Wang J, Visness CM, Sampson HA. 2005. Food allergen sensitization in inner-city children with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115:1076–80 [Google Scholar]
124. Warner JA, Warner JO. 2000. Early life events in allergic sensitisation. Br. Med. Bull. 56:883–93 [Google Scholar]
125. Wilson DR, Lima MT, Durham SR. 2005. Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy 60:4–12 [Google Scholar]
126. Wood RA. 2003. The natural history of food allergy. Pediatrics 111:1631–37 [Google Scholar]
127. Yunginger JW, Sweeney KG, Sturner WQ, Giannandrea LA, Teigland JD. et al. 1988. Fatal food-induced anaphylaxis. JAMA 260:1450–52 [Google Scholar]
128. Zeiger RS, Heller S. 1995. The development and prediction of atopy in high-risk children: follow-up at age seven years in a prospective randomized study of combined maternal and infant food allergen avoidance. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 95:1179–90 [Google Scholar]
129. Zeiger RS, Sampson HA, Bock SA, Burks AW Jr, Harden K. et al. 1999. Soy allergy in infants and children with IgE-associated cow's milk allergy. J. Pediatr. 134:614–22 [Google Scholar]