| a. Δ Fraction of working age population in manufacturing, unemployment, and NILF | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Employed in manufacturing | Employed in non-manufacturing | Unemployed | NILF |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| −0.60*** | −0.18 | 0.22***b | 0.55*** |
| (0.10) | (0.14) | (0.06) | (0.15) |
| b. Δ Log population, log wages, annual wage, and transfer income | |||
| Δ Log CZ population (log points) | Δ Average log weekly wage (log points) | Δ Annual wage/salary income per adult (US$) | Δ Transfers per capita (US$) |
| (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| −0.05 | −0.76*** | −549.3*** | 57.7*** |
| (0.75) | (0.25) | (169.4) | (18.4) |
Abbreviations: CZ, commuting zone; NILF, not in labor force.
aN = 1,444 (722 CZs times two time periods (1990–2000 and 2000–2007). Employment, population, and income data are based on US Census and American Community Survey data; transfer payments are based on BEA Regional Economic Accounts. All regressions control for the start of period percentage of CZ employment in manufacturing, college-educated population, foreign-born population, employment among women, employment in routine occupations, average offshorability index of occupations, and Census division and time dummies. Models are weighted by start of period CZ share of the national population. Robust standard errors in parentheses are clustered on state. Table adapted from Autor et al. (2013a).
*p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.