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Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics

Volume 11, 2020

Self-Propelled Rods: Insights and Perspectives for Active Matter

Abstract

A wide range of experimental systems including gliding, swarming and swimming bacteria, in vitro motility assays, and shaken granular media are commonly described as self-propelled rods. Large ensembles of those entities display a large variety of self-organized, collective phenomena, including the formation of moving polar clusters, polar and nematic dynamic bands, mobility-induced phase separation, topological defects, and mesoscale turbulence, among others. Here, we give a brief survey of experimental observations and review the theoretical description of self-propelled rods. Our focus is on the emergent pattern formation of ensembles of dry self-propelled rods governed by short-ranged, contact mediated interactions and their wet counterparts that are also subject to long-ranged hydrodynamic flows. Altogether, self-propelled rods provide an overarching theme covering many aspects of active matter containing well-explored limiting cases. Their collective behavior not only bridges the well-studied regimes of polar self-propelled particles and active nematics, and includes active phase separation, but also reveals a rich variety of new patterns.

Keyword(s): biological physics, collective motion, nonequilibrium physics, statistical physics, stochastic processes
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2020-03-10
2024-04-24
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Self-Propelled Rods: Insights and Perspectives for Active Matter
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 11, 441 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050611
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050611
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050611
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