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Intertwined Vestigial Order in Quantum Materials: Nematicity and Beyond
- Rafael M. Fernandes1, Peter P. Orth2, and Jörg Schmalian3
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; email: [email protected] 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA; email: [email protected] 3Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter and Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany; email: [email protected]
- Vol. 10:133-154 (Volume publication date March 2019) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013200
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Copyright © 2019 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Abstract
A hallmark of the phase diagrams of quantum materials is the existence of multiple electronic ordered states, which, in many cases, are not independent competing phases, but instead display a complex intertwinement. In this review, we focus on a particular realization of intertwined orders: a primary phase characterized by a multi-component order parameter and a fluctuation-driven vestigial phase characterized by a composite order parameter. This concept has been widely employed to elucidate nematicity in iron-based and cuprate superconductors. Here we present a group-theoretical framework that extends this notion to a variety of phases, providing a classification of vestigial orders of unconventional superconductors and density waves. Electronic states with scalar and vector chiral order, spin-nematic order, Ising-nematic order, time-reversal symmetry-breaking order, and algebraic vestigial order emerge from one underlying principle. The formalism provides a framework to understand the complexity of quantum materials based on symmetry, largely without resorting to microscopic models.
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