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Annual Review of Microbiology

Volume 73, 2019

The Ultimate Guide to Bacterial Swarming: An Experimental Model to Study the Evolution of Cooperative Behavior

Abstract

Cooperation has fascinated biologists since Darwin. How did cooperative behaviors evolve despite the fitness cost to the cooperator? Bacteria have cooperative behaviors that make excellent models to take on this age-old problem from both proximate (molecular) and ultimate (evolutionary) angles. We delve into swarming, a phenomenon where billions of bacteria move cooperatively across distances of centimeters in a matter of a few hours. Experiments with swarming have unveiled a strategy called metabolic prudence that stabilizes cooperation, have showed the importance of spatial structure, and have revealed a regulatory network that integrates environmental stimuli and direct cooperative behavior, similar to a machine learning algorithm. The study of swarming elucidates more than proximate mechanisms: It exposes ultimate mechanisms valid to all scales, from cells in cancerous tumors to animals in large communities.

Keyword(s): biofilm, cheater, metabolic prudence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rhamnolipids, sociomicrobiology
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2019-09-08
2024-04-20
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120033
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The Ultimate Guide to Bacterial Swarming: An Experimental Model to Study the Evolution of Cooperative Behavior
Annual Review of Microbiology 73, 293 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120033
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120033
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120033
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Supplemental Material

Supplementary Data

  • Download Supplemental Text (PDF).

    Supplemental Video 1: Time lapse of P. aeruginosa PA14 wild type swarming on 0.5% agar.

    Supplemental Video 2: Two wild type colonies repelled each other during swarming.

    Supplemental Video 3: Hyperswarming mutant evolved from P. aeruginosa wild type lost branching pattern and spread over the entire petri dish.

    Supplemental Video 4: The hyperswarmer could fast move to the edge of a swarm during competition with wild type (cells fluorescently labeled: hyperswarmers: green; wild type: red).

    Supplemental Video 5: rhlA- mutant that cannot synthesize rhamnolipid could free ride on the swarm of the wild type.

  • Article Type: Review Article

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