1932

Abstract

Food insecurity affects 1 in 8 US households and has clear implications for population health disparities. We present a person-centered, multilevel framework for understanding how individuals living in food-insecure households cope with inadequate access to food themselves and within their households, communities, and broader food system. Many of these coping strategies can have an adverse impact on health, particularly when the coping strategies are sustained over time; others may be salutary for health. There exist multiple opportunities for aligning programs and policies so that they simultaneously support food security and improved diet quality in the interest of supporting improved health outcomes. Improved access to these programs and policies may reduce the need to rely on individual- and household-level strategies that may have negative implications for health across the life course.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044132
2019-04-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/publhealth/40/1/annurev-publhealth-040218-044132.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044132&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. 1. 
    Aibibula W, Cox J, Hamelin AM, McLinden T, Klein MB, Brassard P 2017. Association between food insecurity and HIV viral suppression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 21:754–65
    [Google Scholar]
  2. 2. 
    Alaimo K, Olson CM, Frongillo EA Jr 2001. Food insufficiency and American school-aged children's cognitive, academic, and psychosocial development. Pediatrics 108:44–53
    [Google Scholar]
  3. 3. 
    Alderwick HAJ, Gottlieb LM, Fichtenberg CM, Adler NE 2018. Social prescribing in the U.S. and England: emerging interventions to address patients' social needs. Am. J. Prev. Med. 54:715–18
    [Google Scholar]
  4. 4. 
    Alley DE, Asomugha CN, Conway PH, Sanghavi DM 2016. Accountable health communities—addressing social needs through Medicare and Medicaid. N. Engl. J. Med. 374:8–11
    [Google Scholar]
  5. 5. 
    Almond D, Hoynes HW, Schanzenbach DW 2011. Inside the War on Poverty: the impact of food stamps on birth outcomes. Rev. Econ. Stat. 93:387–403
    [Google Scholar]
  6. 6. 
    Asay GRB, Roy K, Lang JE, Payne RL, Howard DH 2016. Absenteeism and employer costs associated with chronic diseases and health risk factors in the US workforce. Prev. Chronic Dis. 13:150503
    [Google Scholar]
  7. 7. 
    Balistreri KS 2016. A decade of change: measuring the extent, depth and severity of food insecurity. J. Fam. Econ. Issues 37:373–82
    [Google Scholar]
  8. 8. 
    Barnidge E, Stenmark S, Seligman HS 2017. Clinic-to-community models to address food insecurity. JAMA Pediatr 171:507–8
    [Google Scholar]
  9. 9. 
    Bartfeld J, Dunifon R 2006. State-level predictors of food insecurity among households with children. 25921–42
  10. 10. 
    Bartfeld J, Dunifon R, Nord M, Carlson S 2006. What factors account for state-to-state differences in food security? Econ. Inf. Bull. 20, US Dep. Agric Washington, DC: https://idph.iowa.gov/Portals/1/Files/WIC/state_to_state_fs.pdf
  11. 11. 
    Basiotis PP, Lino M 2002. Food insufficiency and prevalence of overweight among adult women. Nutr. Insights 26:1–2
    [Google Scholar]
  12. 12. 
    Basu S, Berkowitz SA, Seligman H 2017. The monthly cycle of hypoglycemia: an observational claims-based study of emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and costs in a commercially insured population. Med. Care 55:639–45
    [Google Scholar]
  13. 13. 
    Basu S, Seligman H, Bhattacharya J 2013. Nutritional policy changes in the supplemental nutrition assistance program: a microsimulation and cost-effectiveness analysis. Med. Decis. Making 33:937–48
    [Google Scholar]
  14. 14. 
    Basu S, Seligman HK, Gardner C, Bhattacharya J 2014. Ending SNAP subsidies for sugar-sweetened beverages could reduce obesity and type 2 diabetes. Health Aff 33:1032–39
    [Google Scholar]
  15. 15. 
    Berkowitz SA, Baggett TP, Wexler DJ, Huskey KW, Wee CC 2013. Food insecurity and metabolic control among U.S. adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 36:3093–99
    [Google Scholar]
  16. 16. 
    Berkowitz SA, Basu S, Meigs JB, Seligman HK 2018. Food insecurity and health care expenditures in the United States, 2011–2013. Health Serv. Res. 53:1600–20
    [Google Scholar]
  17. 17. 
    Berkowitz SA, Gao X, Tucker KL 2014. Food-insecure dietary patterns are associated with poor longitudinal glycemic control in diabetes: results from the Boston Puerto Rican Health study. Diabetes Care 37:2587–92
    [Google Scholar]
  18. 18. 
    Berkowitz SA, Hulberg AC, Standish S, Reznor G, Atlas SJ 2017. Addressing unmet basic resource needs as part of chronic cardiometabolic disease management. JAMA Intern. Med. 177:244–52
    [Google Scholar]
  19. 19. 
    Berkowitz SA, Karter AJ, Corbie-Smith G, Seligman HK, Ackroyd SAet al. 2018. Food insecurity, food “deserts,” and glycemic control in patients with diabetes: a longitudinal analysis. Diabetes Care 41:1188–95
    [Google Scholar]
  20. 20. 
    Berkowitz SA, Meigs JB, DeWalt D, Seligman HK, Barnard LSet al. 2015. Material need insecurities, control of diabetes mellitus, and use of health care resources: results of the Measuring Economic Insecurity in Diabetes study. JAMA Intern. Med. 175:257–65
    [Google Scholar]
  21. 21. 
    Berkowitz SA, Seligman HK, Choudhry NK 2014. Treat or eat: food insecurity, cost-related medication underuse, and unmet needs. Am. J. Med. 127:303–10.e3
    [Google Scholar]
  22. 22. 
    Berkowitz SA, Seligman HK, Rigdon J, Meigs JB, Basu S 2017. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and health care expenditures among low-income adults. JAMA Intern. Med. 177:1642–49
    [Google Scholar]
  23. 23. 
    Berkowitz SA, Terranova J, Hill C, Ajayi T, Linsky Tet al. 2018. Meal delivery programs reduce the use of costly health care in dually eligible Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. Health Aff 37:535–42
    [Google Scholar]
  24. 24. 
    Bhargava V, Lee JS 2016. Food insecurity and health care utilization among older adults in the United States. J. Nutr. Gerontol. Geriatr. 35:177–92
    [Google Scholar]
  25. 25. 
    Bhattacharya J, DeLeire T, Haider S, Currie J 2003. Heat or eat? Cold-weather shocks and nutrition in poor American families. Am. J. Public Health 93:1149–54
    [Google Scholar]
  26. 26. 
    Blondin K, Orta-Aleman D, Woodward-Lopez G 2016. Review of the evidence: health promotion strategies for retail food shopping venues Rep., Nutr. Educ. Obesity Prev. Res. Eval. Unit, Nutr. Policy Inst Berkeley, CA: http://npi.ucanr.edu/files/263765.pdf
  27. 27. 
    Bomberg EM, Neuhaus J, Hake MM, Engelhard EM, Seligman HK 2018. Food preferences and coping strategies among diabetic and nondiabetic households served by US food pantries. J. Hunger Environ. Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2018.1512926
    [Crossref]
  28. 28. 
    Borders AE, Grobman WA, Amsden LB, Holl JL 2007. Chronic stress and low birth weight neonates in a low-income population of women. Obstet. Gynecol. 109:331–38
    [Google Scholar]
  29. 29. 
    Borjas GJ 2004. Food insecurity and public assistance. J. Public Econ. 88:1421–43
    [Google Scholar]
  30. 30. 
    Campbell E, Hudson H, Webb K, Crawford PB 2011. Food preferences of users of the emergency food system. J. Hunger Environ. Nutr. 6:179–87
    [Google Scholar]
  31. 31. 
    Canales MK, Coffey N, Moore E 2015. Exploring health implications of disparities associated with food insecurity among low-income populations. Nurs. Clin. North Am. 50:465–81
    [Google Scholar]
  32. 32. 
    Cawley J, Rizzo JA, Haas K 2008. The association of diabetes with job absenteeism costs among obese and morbidly obese workers. J. Occupat. Environ. Med. 50:527–34
    [Google Scholar]
  33. 33. 
    Choi SE, Seligman H, Basu S 2017. Cost effectiveness of subsidizing fruit and vegetable purchases through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Am. J. Prev. Med. 52:e147–55
    [Google Scholar]
  34. 34. 
    CHW (Children's HealthWatch). 2018. Children's HealthWatch statement on the 2018 House Farm Bill Statement, April 13, CHW Boston: http://childrenshealthwatch.org/childrens-healthwatch-statement-on-the-2018-farm-bill/
  35. 35. 
    Colchero MA, Rivera-Dommarco J, Popkin BM, Ng SW 2017. In Mexico, evidence of sustained consumer response two years after implementing a sugar-sweetened beverage tax. Health Aff 36:564–71
    [Google Scholar]
  36. 36. 
    Colman S, Nichols-Barrer IP, Redline JE, Devaney BL, Ansell SV, Joyce T 2012. Effects of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): a review of recent research Rep. WIC-12-WM, Food Nutr. Serv., US Dep. Agric Alexandria, VA: https://fns-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/WICMedicaidLitRev.pdf
  37. 37. 
    Coleman-Jensen A, Rabbitt MP, Gregory CA, Singh A 2018. Household food security in the United States in 2017 Rep. ERR-256, US Dep. Agric., Econ. Res. Serv Washington, DC: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/90023/err-256.pdf
  38. 38. 
    Connell CL, Lofton KL, Yadrick K, Rehner TA 2005. Children's experiences of food insecurity can assist in understanding its effect on their well-being. J. Nutr. 135:1683–90
    [Google Scholar]
  39. 39. 
    Cook JT, Black M, Chilton M, Cutts D, Ettinger de Cuba Set al. 2013. Are food insecurity's health impacts underestimated in the U.S. population? Marginal food security also predicts adverse health outcomes in young U.S. children and mothers. Adv. Nutr. 4:51–61
    [Google Scholar]
  40. 40. 
    Cook JT, Frank DA, Berkowitz C, Black MM, Casey PHet al. 2004. Food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes among human infants and toddlers. J. Nutr. 134:1432–38
    [Google Scholar]
  41. 41. 
    Cook JT, Frank DA, Levenson SM, Neault NB, Heeren TCet al. 2006. Child food insecurity increases risks posed by household food insecurity to young children's health. J. Nutr. 136:1073–76
    [Google Scholar]
  42. 42. 
    Darmon N, Drewnowski A 2015. Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: a systematic review and analysis. Nutr. Rev. 73:643–60
    [Google Scholar]
  43. 43. 
    Dean S 2018. President's budget would cut and radically restructure SNAP food benefits. Cent. Budg. Policy Prior. Blog Feb. 12. https://www.cbpp.org/blog/presidents-budget-would-cut-and-radically-restructure-snap-food-benefits
  44. 44. 
    DeWeese RS, Todd M, Karpyn A, Yedidia MJ, Kennedy Met al. 2016. Healthy store programs and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), but not the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), are associated with corner store healthfulness. Prev. Med. Rep. 4:256–61
    [Google Scholar]
  45. 45. 
    Dinour LM, Bergen D, Yeh MC 2007. The food insecurity-obesity paradox: a review of the literature and the role food stamps may play. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 107:1952–61
    [Google Scholar]
  46. 46. 
    Edin KJ, Shaefer HL 2016. $2.00 a Day: Living on Almost Nothing in America New York: N.Y. First Mariner
  47. 47. 
    Eicher-Miller HA, Mason AC, Weaver CM, McCabe GP, Boushey CJ 2009. Food insecurity is associated with iron deficiency anemia in US adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90:1358–71
    [Google Scholar]
  48. 48. 
    Essien UR, Shahid NN, Berkowitz SA 2016. Food insecurity and diabetes in developed societies. Curr. Diabetes Rep. 16:79
    [Google Scholar]
  49. 49. 
    Falbe J, Thompson HR, Becker CM, Rojas N, McCulloch CE, Madsen KA 2016. Impact of the Berkeley excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Am. J. Public Health 106:1865–71
    [Google Scholar]
  50. 50. 
    FAO (Food Agric. Organ.), IFAD (Int. Fund Agric. Dev.), UNICEF (UN Child. Fund), WFP (World Food Progr.), WHO (World Health Organ.). 2017. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2017: building resilience for peace and food security Rep., FAO Rome: http://www.fao.org/3/a-I7695e.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  51. 51. 
    FNS (Food Nutr. Serv.). 2006. An analysis of Food Stamp benefit redemption patterns Rep., US Dep. Agric Washington, DC: https://fns-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/EBTRedemption.pdf
  52. 52. 
    Fox MK, Hamilton W, Lin B, eds. 2004. Effects of food assistance and nutrition programs on nutrition and health Food Assist. Nutr. Res. Rep. 19–3, US Dep. Agric Washington, DC: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/46556/30240_fanrr19-3_002.pdf?v=0
  53. 53. 
    Fram MS, Frongillo EA, Jones SJ, Williams RC, Burke MPet al. 2011. Children are aware of food insecurity and take responsibility for managing food resources. J. Nutr. 141:1114–19
    [Google Scholar]
  54. 54. 
    Fu AZ, Qiu Y, Radican L, Wells BJ 2009. Health care and productivity costs associated with diabetic patients with macrovascular comorbid conditions. Diabetes Care 32:2187–92
    [Google Scholar]
  55. 55. 
    Gold R, Cottrell E, Bunce A, Middendorf M, Hollombe Cet al. 2017. Developing electronic health record (EHR) strategies related to health center patients’ social determinants of health. J. Am. Board Fam. Med. 30:428–47
    [Google Scholar]
  56. 56. 
    Gottlieb L, Tobey R, Cantor J, Hessler D, Adler NE 2016. Integrating social and medical data to improve population health: opportunities and barriers. Health Aff 35:2116–23
    [Google Scholar]
  57. 57. 
    Gottlieb LM, Hessler D, Long D, Laves E, Burns ARet al. 2016. Effects of social needs screening and in-person service navigation on child health: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 170:e162521
    [Google Scholar]
  58. 58. 
    Gottlieb LM, Wing H, Adler NE 2017. A systematic review of interventions on patients’ social and economic needs. Am. J. Prev. Med. 53:719–29
    [Google Scholar]
  59. 59. 
    Gregory CA, Coleman-Jensen A 2017. Food insecurity, chronic disease, and health among working-age adults Econ. Res. Rep. 235, Econ Res. Serv., US Dep. Agric Washington, DC: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/84467/err-235.pdf?v=0
  60. 60. 
    Gregory CA, Deb P 2015. Does SNAP improve your health?. Food Policy 50:11–19
    [Google Scholar]
  61. 61. 
    Gundersen C, Engelhard EE, Crumbaugh AS, Seligman HK 2017. Brief assessment of food insecurity accurately identifies high-risk US adults. Public Health Nutr 20:1367–71
    [Google Scholar]
  62. 62. 
    Gundersen C, Kreider B 2009. Bounding the effects of food insecurity on children's health outcomes. J. Health Econ. 28:971–83
    [Google Scholar]
  63. 63. 
    Gundersen C, Ziliak JP 2015. Food insecurity and health outcomes. Health Aff 34:1830–39
    [Google Scholar]
  64. 64. 
    Hager ER, Quigg AM, Black MM, Coleman SM, Heeren Tet al. 2010. Development and validity of a 2-item screen to identify families at risk for food insecurity. Pediatrics 126:e26–32
    [Google Scholar]
  65. 65. 
    Hanson KL, Connor LM 2014. Food insecurity and dietary quality in US adults and children: a systematic review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 100:684–92
    [Google Scholar]
  66. 66. 
    Herman D, Afulani P, Coleman-Jensen A, Harrison GG 2015. Food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse among nonelderly adults in a nationally representative sample. Am. J. Public Health 105:e48–59
    [Google Scholar]
  67. 67. 
    Hobel CJ 2004. Stress and preterm birth. Clin. Obstet Gynecol. 47:856–80
    [Google Scholar]
  68. 68. 
    Hoynes H, Schanzenbach DW, Almond D 2016. Long-run impacts of childhood access to the safety net. Am. Econ. Rev. 106:903–34
    [Google Scholar]
  69. 69. 
    Ippolito MM, Lyles CR, Prendergast K, Marshall MB, Waxman E, Seligman HK 2017. Food insecurity and diabetes self-management among food pantry clients. Public Health Nutr 20:183–89
    [Google Scholar]
  70. 70. 
    Jahns L, Payne CR, Whigham LD, Johnson LK, Scheett AJet al. 2014. Foods advertised in US weekly supermarket sales circulars over one year: a content analysis. Nutr. J. 13:95
    [Google Scholar]
  71. 71. 
    Jih J, Stijacic-Cenzer I, Seligman HK, Boscardin WJ, Nguyen TT, Ritchie CS 2018. Chronic disease burden predicts food insecurity among older adults. Public Health Nutr 21:1737–42
    [Google Scholar]
  72. 72. 
    Jyoti DF, Frongillo EA, Jones SJ 2005. Food insecurity affects school children's academic performance, weight gain, and social skills. J. Nutr. 135:2831–39
    [Google Scholar]
  73. 73. 
    Karpyn A, Manon M, Treuhaft S, Giang T, Harries C, McCoubrey K 2010. Policy solutions to the ‘grocery gap. .’ Health Aff 29:473–80
    [Google Scholar]
  74. 74. 
    Kim J 2015. Are older adults who participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program healthier than eligible nonparticipants? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. Gerontologist 55:672
    [Google Scholar]
  75. 75. 
    Knowles M, Rabinowich J, Ettinger de Cuba S, Cutts DB, Chilton M 2016. “Do you wanna breathe or eat?”: parent perspectives on child health consequences of food insecurity, trade-offs, and toxic stress. Matern. Child Health J. 20:25–32
    [Google Scholar]
  76. 76. 
    Kreider B, Pepper JV, Gundersen C, Jolliffe D 2012. Identifying the effects of SNAP (Food Stamps) on child health outcomes when participation is endogenous and misreported. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 107:958–75
    [Google Scholar]
  77. 77. 
    Kreider B, Pepper JV, Roy M 2016. Identifying the effects of WIC on food insecurity among infants and children. South. Econ. J. 82:1106–22
    [Google Scholar]
  78. 78. 
    Laraia BA 2013. Food insecurity and chronic disease. Adv. Nutr. 4:203–12
    [Google Scholar]
  79. 79. 
    Lopez A, Seligman HK 2014. Online grocery store coupons and unhealthy foods, United States. Prev. Chronic Dis. 11:130211
    [Google Scholar]
  80. 80. 
    Mabli J, Ohls J, Dragoset L, Castner L, Santos B 2013. Measuring the effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation on food security Nutr. Assist. Progr Rep., Food Nutr. Serv., US Dep. Agric Alexandria, VA: https://fns-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/Measuring2013.pdf
  81. 81. 
    Mangurian C, Sreshta N, Seligman H 2013. Food insecurity among adults with severe mental illness. Psychiatr. Serv. 64:931–32
    [Google Scholar]
  82. 82. 
    Martin KS, Rogers BL, Cook JT, Joseph HM 2004. Social capital is associated with decreased risk of hunger. Soc. Sci. Med. 58:2645–54
    [Google Scholar]
  83. 83. 
    Martin-Biggers J, Yorkin M, Aljallad C, Ciecierski C, Akhabue Iet al. 2013. What foods are US supermarkets promoting? A content analysis of supermarket sales circulars. Appetite 62:160–65
    [Google Scholar]
  84. 84. 
    Mayer VL, McDonough K, Seligman H, Mitra N, Long JA 2016. Food insecurity, coping strategies and glucose control in low-income patients with diabetes. Public Health Nutr 19:1103–11
    [Google Scholar]
  85. 85. 
    Melzer BT 2011. The real costs of credit access: evidence from the payday lending market. Q. J. Econ. 126:517–55
    [Google Scholar]
  86. 86. 
    Miller DP, Morrissey T 2017. Using natural experiments to identify the effects of SNAP on child and adult health Discuss. Pap. Ser 105, Univ. Ky. Cent. Poverty Res Lexington: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ukcpr_papers/105
  87. 87. 
    Monteiro CA, Moubarac JC, Cannon G, Ng SW, Popkin B 2013. Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system. Obes. Rev. 14:Suppl. 221–28
    [Google Scholar]
  88. 88. 
    Morales ME, Epstein MH, Marable DE, Oo SA, Berkowitz SA 2016. Food insecurity and cardiovascular health in pregnant women: results from the Food for Families program, Chelsea, Massachusetts, 2013–2015. Prev. Chronic Dis. 13:160212
    [Google Scholar]
  89. 89. 
    Nord M, Prell M 2011. Food security improved following the 2009 ARRA increase in SNAP benefits Econ. Res. Rep. 116, Econ Res. Serv., US Dep. Agric. Washington, DC: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/44837/7469_err116.pdf?v=0
  90. 90. 
    Oddo VM, Mabli J 2015. Association of participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and psychological distress. Am. J. Public Health 105:e30–35
    [Google Scholar]
  91. 91. 
    Olson CM, Bove CF, Miller EO 2007. Growing up poor: long-term implications for eating patterns and body weight. Appetite 49:198–207
    [Google Scholar]
  92. 92. 
    Palar K, Napoles T, Hufstedler LL, Seligman H, Hecht FMet al. 2017. Comprehensive and medically appropriate food support is associated with improved HIV and diabetes health. J. Urban Health 94:87–99
    [Google Scholar]
  93. 93. 
    Park K, Kersey M, Geppert J, Story M, Cutts D, Himes JH 2009. Household food insecurity is a risk factor for iron-deficiency anaemia in a multi-ethnic, low-income sample of infants and toddlers. Public Health Nutr 12:2120–28
    [Google Scholar]
  94. 94. 
    Popkin BM, Adair LS, Ng SW 2012. Global nutrition transition: the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutr. Rev. 70:3–21
    [Google Scholar]
  95. 95. 
    Popkin SJ, Scott MM, Galvez MM 2016. Impossible choices: teens and food insecurity in America Res. Rep., Urban Inst Washington, DC: https://www.urban.org/research/publication/impossible-choices-teens-and-food-insecurity-america
  96. 96. 
    Rada R 2018. Chart of federal nutrition programs. National Conference of State Legislatures http://www.ncsl.org/research/human-services/federal-nutrition-programs-chart.aspx
    [Google Scholar]
  97. 97. 
    Ratcliffe C, McKernan S-M, Zhang S 2011. How much does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program reduce food insecurity?. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 93:1082–98
    [Google Scholar]
  98. 98. 
    Rehkopf DH, Strully KW, Dow WH 2014. The short-term impacts of Earned Income Tax Credit disbursement on health. Int. J. Epidemiol. 43:1884–94
    [Google Scholar]
  99. 99. 
    Rehm CD, Monsivais P, Drewnowski A 2015. Relation between diet cost and Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores among adults in the United States 2007–2010. Prev. Med. 73:70–75
    [Google Scholar]
  100. 100. 
    Rigdon J, Berkowitz SA, Seligman HK, Basu S 2017. Re-evaluating associations between the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation and body mass index in the context of unmeasured confounders. Soc. Sci. Med. 192:112–24
    [Google Scholar]
  101. 101. 
    Samuel LJ, Szanton SL, Cahill R, Wolff JL, Ong Pet al. 2018. Does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program affect hospital utilization among older adults? The case of Maryland. Popul. Health Manag. 21:88–95
    [Google Scholar]
  102. 102. 
    Santos R, Waxman E, Engelhard E 2013. In short supply: American families struggle to secure everyday essentials Rep., Feed. Am. Chicago:
  103. 103. 
    Schwartz MB 2017. Moving beyond the debate over restricting sugary drinks in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Am. J. Prev. Med. 52:S199–205
    [Google Scholar]
  104. 104. 
    Seligman HK, Basu S 2018. In an unhealthy food system, what role should SNAP play?. PLOS Med 15:e1002662
    [Google Scholar]
  105. 105. 
    Seligman HK, Bindman AB, Vittinghoff E, Kanaya AM, Kushel MB 2007. Food insecurity is associated with diabetes mellitus: results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 22:1018–23
    [Google Scholar]
  106. 106. 
    Seligman HK, Bolger AF, Guzman D, López A, Bibbins-Domingo K 2014. Exhaustion of food budgets at month's end and hospital admissions for hypoglycemia. Health Aff 33:116–23
    [Google Scholar]
  107. 107. 
    Seligman HK, Jacobs EA, López A, Tschann J, Fernandez A 2012. Food insecurity and glycemic control among low-income patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 35:233–38
    [Google Scholar]
  108. 108. 
    Seligman HK, Laraia BA, Kushel MB 2010. Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants. J. Nutr. 140:304–10
    [Google Scholar]
  109. 109. 
    Shankar P, Chung R, Frank DA 2017. Association of food insecurity with children's behavioral, emotional, and academic outcomes: a systematic review. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 38:135–50
    [Google Scholar]
  110. 110. 
    Simmons M, Bishu KG, Williams JS, Walker RJ, Dawson AZ, Egede LE 2018. Racial and ethnic differences in out-of-pocket expenses among adults with diabetes. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2018.04.004
    [Crossref]
  111. 111. 
    Skalicky A, Meyers AF, Adams WG, Yang Z, Cook JT, Frank DA 2006. Child food insecurity and iron deficiency anemia in low-income infants and toddlers in the United States. Matern. Child Health J. 10:177–85
    [Google Scholar]
  112. 112. 
    Smith C, Klosterbuer A, Levine AS 2009. Military experience strongly influences post-service eating behavior and BMI status in American veterans. Appetite 52:280–89
    [Google Scholar]
  113. 113. 
    Stenmark S, Steiner JF, Marpadga S, Debor M, Underhill K, Seligman K 2018. Lessons learned from implementation of the food insecurity screening and referral program at Kaiser Permanente, Colorado. Permanente J 22:18–093
    [Google Scholar]
  114. 114. 
    Stier M 2016. Who Benefits from the Philadelphia Soda Tax? Harrisburg: Pa. Budg. Policy Cent.
  115. 115. 
    Sweet E, Nandi A, Adam EK, McDade TW 2013. The high price of debt: household financial debt and its impact on mental and physical health. Soc. Sci. Med. 91:94–100
    [Google Scholar]
  116. 116. 
    Szanton SL, Samuel LJ, Cahill R, Zielinskie G, Wolff JLet al. 2017. Food assistance is associated with decreased nursing home admissions for Maryland's dually eligible older adults. BMC Geriatr 17:162
    [Google Scholar]
  117. 117. 
    Tarasuk V, Cheng J, de Oliveira C, Dachner N, Gundersen C, Kurdyak P 2015. Association between household food insecurity and annual health care costs. CMAJ 187:E429–36
    [Google Scholar]
  118. 118. 
    Tarasuk V, McIntyre L, Li J 2007. Low-income women's dietary intakes are sensitive to the depletion of household resources in one month. J. Nutr. 137:1980–87
    [Google Scholar]
  119. 119. 
    Torres J, De Marchis E, Fichtenberg C, Gottlieb L 2017.Identifying food insecurity in health care settings: a review of the evidence. Res. Brief, Soc. Interv. Res. Eval. Netw., San Francisco https://hungerandhealth.feedingamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/SIREN_FoodInsecurity_Brief.pdf
  120. 120. 
    Tunceli K, Bradley CJ, Lafata JE, Pladevall M, Divine GWet al. 2007. Glycemic control and absenteeism among individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:1283–85
    [Google Scholar]
  121. 121. 
    USDA (US Dep. Agric.). 2018. Definitions of food security. US Department of Agriculture https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx
  122. 122. 
    Vogenthaler NS, Kushel MB, Hadley C, Frongillo EA Jr, Riley EDet al. 2013. Food insecurity and risky sexual behaviors among homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco. AIDS Behav 17:1688–93
    [Google Scholar]
  123. 123. 
    Wetherill MS, White KC, Rivera C, Seligman HK 2018. Challenges and opportunities to increasing fruit and vegetable distribution through the US charitable feeding network: increasing food systems recovery of edible fresh produce to build healthy food access. J. Hunger Environ. Nutr https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2018.1484315
    [Crossref]
  124. 124. 
    Willink A, DuGoff EH 2018. Integrating medical and nonmedical services—the promise and pitfalls of the CHRONIC Care Act. New Engl. J. Med. 378:2153–55
    [Google Scholar]
  125. 125. 
    Wilson N 2016. When the cupboards are bare: nudging food pantry clients to healthier foods. J. Assoc. Con. Res. 1:125–33
    [Google Scholar]
  126. 126. 
    Wilson NLW, Just DR, Swigert J, Wansink B 2017. Food pantry selection solutions: a randomized controlled trial in client-choice food pantries to nudge clients to targeted foods. J. Public Health 39:366–72
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044132
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044132
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error