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Annual Review of Public Health

Volume 43, 2022

Environmental Factors Influencing COVID-19 Incidence and Severity

Abstract

Emerging evidence supports a link between environmental factors—including air pollution and chemical exposures, climate, and the built environment—and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity. Climate, air pollution, and the built environment have long been recognized to influence viral respiratory infections, and studies have established similar associations with COVID-19 outcomes. More limited evidence links chemical exposures to COVID-19. Environmental factors were found to influence COVID-19 through four major interlinking mechanisms: increased risk of preexisting conditions associated with disease severity; immune system impairment; viral survival and transport; and behaviors that increase viral exposure. Both data and methodologic issues complicate the investigation of these relationships, including reliance on coarse COVID-19 surveillance data; gaps in mechanistic studies; and the predominance of ecological designs. We evaluate the strength of evidence for environment–COVID-19 relationships and discuss environmental actions that might simultaneously address the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental determinants of health, and health disparities.

Keyword(s): air pollution, built environment, chemicals, climate, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052120-101420
2022-04-05
2024-04-25
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052120-101420
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Environmental Factors Influencing COVID-19 Incidence and Severity
Annual Review of Public Health 43, 271 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052120-101420
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052120-101420
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052120-101420
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