Annual Review of Nutrition
Vol. 14:83-98 (Volume publication date July 1994)
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.14.070194.000503
Ruth E. Patterson and Dorothy D. Sears
Vol. 37, 2017
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Figure 1: Potential mechanisms linking intermittent fasting with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Figure modified from Reference 79 with permission.
Figure 2: Circadian regulation of behaviors, hormones, physiology, metabolism, and energetics. Figure modified from Reference 79 with permission.
Patrick Borel and Charles Desmarchelier
Vol. 38, 2018
Recent data have shown that interindividual variability in the bioavailability of vitamins A (β-carotene), D, and E, and carotenoids (lutein and lycopene), as well as that of phytosterols, is modulated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The ...Read More
Figure 1: Chemical structures of the fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals discussed in this review. For the sake of space, only sitosterol is presented to illustrate the general structure of phytos...
Figure 2: The fate of fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals in the lumen of the upper gastrointestinal tract during digestion. Shown are the different vehicles assumed to transport these compounds i...
Figure 3: Proteins involved in the uptake, transport, and secretion pathways of fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals (VA, VD, and VE; carotenoids; and phytosterols) across enterocytes. VD and VE, c...
Figure 4: Procedure and guidelines for performing studies dedicated to identifying genetic variations involved in the bioavailability of fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals. Abbreviations: CNV, co...
Figure 5: Current population-wide requirement curve and theoretical population-tailored recommended dietary allowance (RDA) curve. (a) The current population-wide requirement curve, which is assumed, ...
Hylde Zirpoli, Chuchun L. Chang, Yvon A. Carpentier, Adina T. Michael-Titus, Vadim S. Ten, Richard J. Deckelbaum
Vol. 40, 2020
This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic ...Read More
Figure 1: Molecular pathways modulated by chronic and acute administration of omega-3 FAs. Both chronic and acute administration of omega-3 FAs show protective effects on the prevention and treatment ...
Figure 2: SPMs in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. SPMs, classified as protectins, resolvins, and maresins, are produced from the enzymatic oxygenation of EPA and DHA (116). SPM levels can be e...
Carmen Sapienza and Jean-Pierre Issa
Vol. 36, 2016
The search for a connection between diet and human cancer has a long history in cancer research, as has interest in the mechanisms by which dietary factors might increase or decrease cancer risk. The realization that altering diet can alter the epigenetic ...Read More
Figure 1: The center portion of the diagram (top to bottom) depicts the mechanism of cytosine methylation from an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide by DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs), using S-adenosyl met...
Figure 2: The molecular fossil record hypothesis for age- and environment-related epigenetic modifications and their relationship to cancer. Each individual is assumed to have been born with some leve...
Krista A. Varady, Sofia Cienfuegos, Mark Ezpeleta, and Kelsey Gabel
Vol. 41, 2021
This review aims to summarize the effects of intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic health in humans. All forms of fasting reviewed here—alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE)—produced mild to moderate ...Read More
Figure 1: Types of intermittent fasting. This figure outlines the timing of food intake during alternate-day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE) (8-h TRE is shown here) on each day...
Figure 2: Cardiometabolic benefits of intermittent fasting. Alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE) reduce body weight, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and insulin...
