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Annual Review of Biochemistry

Volume 91, 2022

Structure and Mechanism of the Lipid Flippase MurJ

Abstract

Biosynthesis of many important polysaccharides (including peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, and -linked glycans) necessitates the transport of lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) across membranes from their cytosolic site of synthesis to their sites of utilization. Much of our current understanding of LLO transport comes from genetic, biochemical, and structural studies of the multidrug/oligosaccharidyl-lipid/polysaccharide (MOP) superfamily protein MurJ, which flips the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II. MurJ plays a pivotal role in bacterial cell wall synthesis and is an emerging antibiotic target. Here, we review the mechanism of LLO flipping by MurJ, including the structural basis for lipid II flipping and ion coupling. We then discuss inhibition of MurJ by antibacterials, including humimycins and the phage M lysis protein, as well as how studies on MurJ could provide insight into other flippases, both within and beyond the MOP superfamily.

Keyword(s): antibiotic, cell wall, lipid, peptidoglycan, transporter
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2022-06-21
2024-04-19
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-040320-105145
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Structure and Mechanism of the Lipid Flippase MurJ
Annual Review of Biochemistry 91, 705 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-040320-105145
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-040320-105145
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-040320-105145
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Supplemental Material

Supplementary Data

  • Supplemental Video: Conformational cycle of MurJ. The 5 crystal structures of MurJTA were interpolated in the following order: inward open, inward occluded, outward, inward closed, first inward structure, (loop back to inward open). The N-lobe (TMs 1-6) is shown in blue, the C-lobe (TMs 7-12) in green, and TMs 13-14 in brown. Front view of MurJ is shown on top while the corresponding view of the cavity from the cytosol is shown at the bottom. For simplicity, ions captured in the structures were not shown in this animation.

  • Article Type: Review Article

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