1932

Abstract

This article describes the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and situates the instrument in contemporary psychopathology and personality literature. The historical evolution of the MMPI instruments is highlighted, including how failure to update the test for several decades resulted in increasing disinterest by basic researchers and how the restructuring efforts beginning in the 2000s promised to realign the instrument with basic research. In this regard, the construct validity associated with MMPI-2-RF scores in the context of contemporary dimensional models of psychopathology is considered. Research supporting the applied utility of the MMPI-2-RF scales in a variety of contexts—including mental health screenings, presurgical evaluations, forensic assessment, and public safety screening—is also reviewed. Critiques of the MMPI-2-RF are described and addressed. Finally, a series of recommendations for future updates of the MMPI-2-RF are described along with a path toward the MMPI-3.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701
2019-05-07
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/clinpsy/15/1/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Am. Psychiatr. Assoc. 2011. American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Development: Personality disorders. http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/Pages/PersonalityDisorders.aspx
  2. Am. Psychiatr. Assoc. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Arlington, VA: Am. Psychiatr. Publ. , 5th ed..
  3. Anderson JL, Sellbom M, Ayearst L, Quilty LC, Chmielewski M, Bagby RM 2015a. Associations between DSM-5 Section III personality traits and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scales in a psychiatric patient sample. Psychol. Assess. 27:811–15
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Anderson JL, Sellbom M, Bagby RM, Quilty LC, Veltri COC et al. 2013. On the convergence between PSY-5 domains and PID-5 domains and facets: implications for assessment of DSM-5 personality traits. Assessment 20:286–94
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Anderson JL, Sellbom M, Pymont C, Smid W, De Saeger H, Kamphuis JH 2015b. Measurement of DSM-5 Section II personality disorder constructs using the MMPI-2-RF in clinical and forensic samples. Psychol. Assess. 27:786–800
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Andrews DA, Bonta J 2000. The Level of Service Inventory–Revised Toronto, ON: MHS Assess.
  7. Anestis JC, Finn JA, Gottfried ED, Arbisi PA, Joiner TE 2015a. Reading the road signs: the utility of the MMPI-2-Restructured Form validity scales in prediction of premature termination. Assessment 22:279–88
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Anestis JC, Gottfried ED, Joiner TE 2015b. The utility of MMPI-2-RF substantive scales in prediction of negative treatment outcomes in a community mental health center. Assessment 22:23–35
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Arbisi PA, Polusny MA, Erbes CR, Thusras P, Reddy MK 2011. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form in National Guard soldiers screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury. Psychol. Assess. 23:203–14
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Arbisi PA, Sellbom M, Ben-Porath YS 2008. Empirical correlates of the MMPI-2-Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in psychiatric inpatients. J. Personal. Assess. 90:122–28
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Archer EM, Hagan LD, Mason J, Handel RW, Archer RP 2012. MMPI-2-RF characteristics of custody evaluation litigants. Assessment 19:14–20
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Baer RA, Miller JD 2002. Underreporting of psychopathology on the MMPI-2: a meta-analytic review. Psychol. Assess. 14:16–26
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Ben-Porath YS 2012. Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  14. Ben-Porath YS 2013. Assessing personality and psychopathology with self-report inventories. Handbook of Psychology, Vol. 10: Assessment JR Graham, JA Naglieri 622–44 Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ben-Porath YS 2018. Of fallacies and errors, new and repeated: a rejoinder to Butcher et al. (2018). J. Personal. Assess In press. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1522640
    [Crossref]
  16. Ben-Porath YS, Flens JR 2012. Butcher and Williams's (this issue) critique of the MMPI-2-RF is slanted and misleading. J. Child Custody 9:223–32
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ben-Porath YS, Forbey JD 2003. Non-gendered norms for the MMPI-2 Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  18. Ben-Porath YS, Tellegen A 2008. MMPI-2-RF: Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  19. Block AR, Ben-Porath YS, Marek RJ 2013. Psychological risk factors for poor outcome of spine surgery and spinal cord stimulator implant: a review of the literature and their assessment with the MMPI-2-RF. Clin. Neuropsychol. 27:81–107
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Block AR, Marek RJ, Ben-Porath YS, Ohnmeiss DD 2014. Associations between MMPI-2-RF scores, workers’ compensation status, and spine surgery outcome. J. Appl. Biobehav. Res. 19:248–67
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Burchett DL, Ben-Porath YS 2010. The impact of overreporting on MMPI-2-RF substantive scale score validity. Assessment 17:497–516
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Butcher JN 1972. Objective Personality Assessment: Changing Perspectives New York: Academic
  23. Butcher JN 2010. Personality assessment from the nineteenth to the early twenty-first century: past achievements and contemporary challenges. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 6:1–20
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Butcher JN, Dahlstrom WG, Graham JR, Tellegen A, Kaemmer B 1989. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Manual for Administration and Scoring Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  25. Butcher JN, Hass GA, Greene RL, Nelson LD 2015. Using the MMPI-2 in Forensic Assessment Washington, DC: Am. Psychol. Assoc.
  26. Butcher JN, Williams CL 2012. Problems with using the MMPI-2-RF in forensic evaluations: a clarification to Ellis. J. Child Custody 9:217–22
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Caldwell AB 2006. Maximal measurement or meaningful measurement: the interpretive challenges of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales. J. Personal. Assess. 87:193–201
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Camara WJ, Nathan JS, Puente AE 2000. Psychological test usage: implications in professional psychology. Prof. Psychol. Res. Pract. 31:141–54
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Choi JY 2017. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and dissociation between childhood trauma and two different types of psychosis-like experience. Child Abuse Negl 72:404–10
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Corey DM, Ben-Porath YS 2018. Assessing Police and Other Public Safety Personnel Using the MMPI-2-RF Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  31. Crighton AH, Marek RJ, Dragon WR, Ben-Porath YS 2017. Utility of the MMPI-2-RF validity scales in the detection of simulated underreporting: Implications of incorporating a manipulation check. Assessment 24:853–64
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Detrick P, Ben-Porath YS, Sellbom M 2016. Associations between MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) and Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI) scale scores in a law enforcement preemployment screening sample. J. Police Crim. Psychol. 31:81–95
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Detrick P, Chibnall JT 2014. Underreporting on the MMPI-2-RF in a high-demand police officer selection context: an illustration. Psychol. Assess. 26:1044–49
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Douglas KS, Hart SD, Webster CD, Belfrage H 2013. HCR-20V3: Assessing Risk for Violence: User Guide Burnaby, B.C: Mental Health Law Policy Inst. Simon Fraser Univ.
  35. Ellis A 1946. The validity of personality questionnaires. Psychol. Bull. 43:385–440
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Finn SE, Kamphuis JH 2006. The MMPI-2 RC Scales and restraints to innovation, or “What have they done to my song?”. J. Personal. Assess. 87:202–10
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Forbey JD, Ben-Porath YS 2007. A comparison of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) and Clinical Scales in a substance abuse treatment sample. Psychol. Serv. 4:46–58
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Forbey JD, Lee TTC, Ben-Porath YS, Arbisi PA, Gartland D 2013. Associations between MMPI-2-RF validity scale scores and extra-test measures of personality and psychopathology. Assessment 20:448–71
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Glassmire DM, Tarescavage AM, Burchett D, Martinez J, Gomez A 2016. Clinical utility of the MMPI-2-RF SUI items and scale in a forensic inpatient setting: association with interview self-reports and future suicidal behavior. Psychol. Assess. 28:1502–9
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Grossi LM, Green D, Belfi B, McGrath RE, Griswald H, Schreiber J 2015. Identifying aggression in forensic inpatients using the MMPI-2-RF: an examination of MMPI-2-RF scale scores and estimated psychopathy indices. Int. J. Forensic Ment. 14:231–44
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Grossi LM, Green D, Schneider M, Belfi B, Segal S 2018. Personality, psychiatric, and cognitive predictors of length of time for competency to stand trial restoration. Int. J. Forensic Mental Health 17:167–80
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Handel RW, Archer RP 2008. An investigation of the psychometric properties of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales with mental health inpatients. J. Personal. Assess. 90:239–49
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Hanson RK, Thornton D 1999. Static-99: Improving Actuarial Risk Assessments for Sex Offenders Ottawa, Ont: Solicit. Gen. Can.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Harkness AR, Finn JA, McNulty JL, Shields SM 2012. The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY–5): recent constructive replication and assessment literature review. Psychol. Assess. 24:432–43
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Harkness AR, McNulty JL 1994. The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5): issues from the pages of a diagnostic manual instead of a dictionary. Differentiating Normal and Abnormal Personality S Strack, M Lorr 291–315 New York: Springer
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Haslam N, Holland E, Kuppens P 2012. Categories versus dimensions in personality and psychopathology: a quantitative review of taxometric research. Psychol. Med. 42:903–20
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Hathaway SR 1960. Foreword. An MMPI Handbook: A Guide to Use in Clinical Practice and Research WG Dahlstrom, GS Welsh, pp. vii-xi Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Hathaway SR 1972. Foreword. An MMPI Handbook, Vol. 1: Clinical Interpretation GS Welsh, WG Dahlstrom, pp. xiii-iv Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Hathaway SR, McKinley JC 1940. A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota): I. Construction of the schedule. J. Psychol. 10:249–54
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Hathaway SR, McKinley JC 1943. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  51. Helmes E, Reddon JR 1993. A perspective on developments in assessing psychopathology: a critical review of the MMPI and MMPI-2. Psychol. Bull. 113:453–71
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Hoelzle JB, Meyer GJ 2008. The factor structure of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales. J. Personal. Assess. 90:443–55
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Ingram PB, Ternes MS 2016. The detection of content-based invalid responding: a meta-analysis of the MMPI-2-Restructured Form's (MMPI-2-RF) over-reporting validity scales. Clin. Neuropsychol. 30:473–96
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Insel T, Cuthbert B, Garvey M, Heinssen R, Pine DS et al. 2010. Research domain criteria (RDoC): toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 167:748–51
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Inwald RE 1992. Inwald Personality Inventory Technical Manual (Revised) New York: Hilson Res.
  56. Kauffman CM, Stolberg R, Madero J 2015. An examination of the MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) with the MMPI-2 and MCMI-III in child custody litigants. J. Child Custody 12:129–51
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Klein Haneveld E, Kamphuis JH, Smid W, Forbey JD 2017. Using MMPI-2-RF correlates to elucidate the PCL-R and its four facets in a sample of male forensic psychiatric patients. J. Personal. Assess. 99:398–407
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Koffel E, Kramer MD, Arbisi PA, Erbes CR, Kaler M, Polusny MA 2016. Personality traits and combat exposure as predictors of psychopathology over time. Psychol. Med. 46:209–20
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Kotov R, Krueger RF, Watson D, Achenbach TM, Althoff RR et al. 2017. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): a dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 126:454–77
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Kraeplin E 1921. Über Entwurzelung. Z. Gesamte Neurol. Psychiatr. 63:1–8
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Krueger RF, Derringer J, Markon KE, Watson D, Skodol AE 2012. Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychol. Med. 42:1879–90
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Krueger RF, Markon KE 2014. The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 10:477–501
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Krueger RF, Markon KE, Patrick CJ, Benning SD, Kramer MD 2007. Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality: an integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 116:645–66
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Laurinaitytė I, Laurinavičius A, Ustinavičiūtė L, Wygant DB, Sellbom M 2017. Utility of the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in a sample of Lithuanian male offenders. Law Hum. Behav. 41:494–71
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Lee TTC, Graham JR, Arbisi PA 2018. The utility of MMPI-2-RF scale scores in differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. J. Personal. Assess. 100:305–12
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Lee TTC, Sellbom M, Hopwood CJ 2017. Contemporary psychopathology assessment: mapping major personality inventories onto empirical models of psychopathology. Neuropsychological Assessment in the Age of Evidence-Based Practice: Diagnostic and Treatment Evaluations SC Bowden 64–94 New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Loevinger J 1972. Some limitations of objective personality tests. See Butcher 1972 45–58
  68. Lubin B, Wallis RR, Paine C 1971. Patterns of psychological test usage in the United States: 1935–1969. Prof. Psychol. 2:70–74
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Marek RJ, Ben-Porath YS, Ashton K, Heinberg LJ 2014a. Impact of using DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing binge eating disorder in bariatric surgery candidates: change in prevalence rate, demographic characteristics, and scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Int. J. Eat. Disord. 47:553–57
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Marek RJ, Ben‐Porath YS, Heinberg LJ 2016. Understanding the role of psychopathology in bariatric surgery outcomes. Obes. Rev. 17:126–41
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Marek RJ, Ben-Porath YS, Merrell J, Ashton K, Heinberg LJ 2014b. Predicting one and three month post-operative somatic concerns, psychological distress, and maladaptive eating behavior in bariatric surgery candidates with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Iniventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Obes. Surg. 24:631–39
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Marek RJ, Ben-Porath YS, Van Dulmen M, Ashton K, Heinberg LJ 2017a. Using the pre-surgical psychological evaluation to predict 5-year weight-loss outcomes in bariatric surgery patients. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 13:514–21
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Marek RJ, Ben-Porath YS, Windover AK, Tarescavage AM, Merrell J et al. 2013. Assessing psychosocial functioning of bariatric surgery candidates with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. Obes. Surg. 23:1864–73
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Marek RJ, Block AR, Ben-Porath YS 2015a. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): incremental validity in predicting early post-operative outcomes in spine surgery candidates. Psychol. Assess. 27:114–24
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Marek RJ, Block AR, Ben-Porath YS 2017b. Validation of a psychological screening algorithm for predicting spine surgery outcomes. Assessment In press. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191117719512
    [Crossref]
  76. Marek RJ, Tarescavage AM, Ben-Porath YS, Ashton K, Heinberg LJ 2015b. Replication and evaluation of a proposed two-factor Binge Eating Scale (BES) structure in a sample of bariatric surgery candidates. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 11:659–66
    [Google Scholar]
  77. McGrath RE, Mitchell M, Kim BH, Hough L 2010. Evidence for response bias as a source of error variance in applied assessment. Psychol. Bull. 136:450–70
    [Google Scholar]
  78. McNulty JL, Overstreet SR 2014. Viewing the MMPI-2-RF structure through the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) lens. J. Personal. Assess. 96:151–57
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Meehl PE 1956. Wanted—a good cookbook. Am. Psychol. 11:263–72
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Meehl PE 1972. Reactions, reflections, projections. See Butcher 1972 131–89
  81. Mihura JL, Roy M, Graceffo RA 2017. Psychological assessment training in clinical psychology doctoral programs. J. Personal. Assess. 99:153–64
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Morey LC 2012. Detection of response bias in applied assessment: comment on McGrath et al. (2010). Psychol. Inj. Law 5:153–61
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Moultrie JK, Engel RR 2017. Empirical correlates for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form in a German inpatient sample. Psychol. Assess. 29:1273–89
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Nichols DS 2006. The trials of separating bath water from baby: a review and critique of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales. J. Personal. Assess. 87:121–38
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Norman W 1972. Psychometric considerations for a revision of the MMPI. See Butcher 1972 59–83
  86. Odland AP, Lammy AB, Perle JG, Martin PK, Grote CL 2015. Reaffirming normal: the high risk of pathologizing healthy adults when interpreting the MMPI-2-RF. Clin. Neuropsychol. 29:38–52
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Odland AP, Martin P, Perle J, Simco ER, Mittenberg W 2011. Rates of apparently abnormal MMPI-2 profiles in the normal population. Clin. Neuropsychol. 25:1134–44
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Pinsoneault TB, Ezzo FR 2012. A comparison of MMPI-2-RF profiles between child maltreatment and non-maltreatment custody cases. J. Forensic Psychol. Pract. 12:227–37
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Reed GM 2018. Progress in developing a classification of personality disorders for ICD‐11. World Psychiatry 17:227–29
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Resendes J, Lecci L 2012. Comparing the MMPI-2 scale scores of parents involved in parental competency and child custody assessments. Psychol. Assess. 24:1054–59
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Rogers R, Granacher RP 2011. Conceptualization and assessment of malingering. Handbook of Forensic Assessment: Psychological and Psychiatric Perspectives EY Drogin, FM Dattilio, RL Sadoff, TG Guthiel 659–78 Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Rogers R, Sewell KW, Gillard ND 2010. SIRS-2: Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms: Professional Manual Lutz, FL: Psychol. Assess. Resour. , 2nd ed..
  93. Rogers R, Sewell KW, Martin MA, Vitacco MJ 2003. Detection of feigned mental disorders: a meta-analysis of the MMPI-2 and malingering. Assessment 10:160–77
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Rohling ML, Larrabee GJ, Greiffenstein MF, Ben-Porath YS, Lees-Haley P et al. 2011. A misleading review of response bias: comment on McGrath, Mitchell, Kim, and Hough (2010). Psychol. Bull. 137:708–12
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Scholte W, Tiemens BG, Verheul R, Meerman A, Eggers J, Hutschemaekers G 2012a. Predictive validity of the MMPI-2 Clinical, PSY-5, and RC Scales for therapy disruptive behavior. J. Psychiatr. Pract. 18:420–29
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Scholte W, Tiemens BG, Verheul R, Meerman A, Eggers J, Hutschemaekers G 2012b. The RC Scales predict psychotherapy outcomes: the predictive validity of the MMPI-2’s Restructured Clinical Scales for psychotherapeutic outcomes. Personal. Mental Health 6:292–302
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Sellbom M 2016. Elucidating the validity of the externalizing spectrum of psychopathology in correctional, forensic, and community samples. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 125:1027–38
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Sellbom M 2017a. Mapping the MMPI-2-RF Specific Problems scales onto extant psychopathology structures. J. Personal. Assess. 99:341–50
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Sellbom M 2017b. Using the MMPI-2-RF to characterize defendants evaluated for competency to stand trial and criminal responsibility. Int. J. Forensic Mental Health 16:304–12
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Sellbom M, Anderson JL, Bagby RM 2013. Assessing DSM-5 Section III personality traits and disorders with the MMPI-2-RF. Assessment 20:709–22
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Sellbom M, Arbisi PA 2017. Introduction to the special section: Linking the MMPI-2-RF to contemporary models of psychopathology. J. Personal. Assess. 99:337–40
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Sellbom M, Bagby RM 2008. Validity of the MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) Lr and Kr scales in detecting underreporting in clinical and nonclinical samples. Psychol. Assess. 20:370–76
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Sellbom M, Bagby RM, Kushner S, Quilty LC, Ayearst LE 2012a. Diagnostic construct validity of the MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scale scores. Assessment 19:176–86
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Sellbom M, Ben-Porath YS, Bagby RM 2008a. On the hierarchical structure of mood and anxiety disorders: confirmatory evidence and elaboration of a model of temperament markers. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 117:576–90
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Sellbom M, Ben-Porath YS, Bagby RM 2008b. Personality and psychopathology: mapping the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales onto the Five Factor Model of personality. J. Personal. Disord. 22:291–71
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Sellbom M, Ben-Porath YS, Baum LJ, Erez E, Gregory C 2008c. Predictive validity of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a batterers’ intervention program. J. Personal. Assess. 90:129–35
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Sellbom M, Ben-Porath YS, Graham JR 2006a. Correlates of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a college counseling setting. J. Personal. Assess. 86:89–99
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Sellbom M, Ben-Porath YS, McNulty JL, Arbisi PA, Graham JR 2006b. Elevation differences between MMPI-2 Clinical and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: frequency, origins, and interpretative implications. Assessment 13:430–41
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Sellbom M, Ben-Porath YS, Patrick CJ, Wygant DB, Gartland DM, Stafford KP 2012b. Development and construct validation of MMPI-2-RF indices of global psychopathy, fearless-dominance, and impulsive-antisociality. Personal. Disord. 3:17–38
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Sellbom M, Ben-Porath YS, Stafford KP 2007a. A comparison of measures of psychopathic deviance in a forensic setting. Psychol. Assess. 19:430–36
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Sellbom M, Drislane LE, Johnson AK, Goodwin BE, Phillips TR, Patrick CJ 2016. Development and validation of MMPI-2-RF scales for indexing triarchic psychopathy constructs. Assessment 23:527–43
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Sellbom M, Fischler GL, Ben-Porath YS 2007b. Identifying MMPI-2 predictors of police officer integrity and misconduct. Crim. Justice Behav. 34:985–1004
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Sellbom M, Lee TTC, Ben-Porath YS, Arbisi PA, Gervais RO 2012c. Differentiating PTSD symptomatology with the MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) in a forensic disability sample. Psychiatry Res 197:172–79
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Sellbom M, Smith A 2017. Assessment of DSM-5 Section II personality disorders with the MMPI-2-RF in a nonclinical sample. J. Personal. Assess. 99:384–97
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Sellbom M, Waugh MH, Hopwood CJ 2018. Development and validation of personality disorder spectra scales for the MMPI-2-RF. J. Personal. Assess. 100:406–20
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Sellbom M, Wygant DB 2018. Forensic Applications of the MMPI-2-RF: A Casebook Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  117. Sharf AJ, Rogers R, Williams MM, Henry SA 2017. The effectiveness of the MMPI-2-RF in detecting feigned mental disorders and cognitive deficits: a meta-analysis. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 39:441–55
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Shkalim E, Almagor M, Ben-Porath YS 2017. Examining current conceptualizations of psychopathology with the MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF Restructured Clinical Scales: preliminary findings from a cross-cultural study. J. Personal. Assess. 99:375–83
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Simms LJ 2006. Bridging the divide: comments on the Restructured Clinical Scales of the MMPI-2. J. Personal. Assess. 87:211–16
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Simms LJ, Casillas A, Clark LA, Watson D, Doebbeling BI 2005. Psychometric evaluation of the Restructured Clinical Scales of the MMPI-2. Psychol. Assess. 17:345–58
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Skodol AE 2012. Personality disorders in DSM-5. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 8:317–44
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Solomon D, Morgan B, Asberg K, Achee D 2014. Treatment implications based on measures of child abuse potential and parental mental health: Are we missing an intervention opportunity?. Child Youth Serv. Rev. 43:153–59
    [Google Scholar]
  123. Strong EK 1938. Manual for the Vocational Interest Blank for Men Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
  124. Tarescavage AM, Ben-Porath YS 2015. A response to Odland et al.’s misleading, alarmist estimates of risk for overpathologizing when interpreting the MMPI-2-RF. Clin. Neuropsychol. 29:183–96
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Tarescavage AM, Brewster J, Corey DM, Ben-Porath YS 2015a. Use of pre-hire MMPI-2-RF police candidate scores to predict supervisor ratings of post-hire performance. Assessment 22:411–28
    [Google Scholar]
  126. Tarescavage AM, Cappo BM, Ben-Porath YS 2018. Assessment of sex offenders with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Sex Abuse 30:413–37
    [Google Scholar]
  127. Tarescavage AM, Corey DM, Ben-Porath YS 2015b. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) predictors of police officer problem behavior. Assessment 22:116–32
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Tarescavage AM, Corey DM, Ben-Porath YS 2016a. A prorating method for estimating MMPI-2-RF scores from MMPI responses: examination of score fidelity and illustration of empirical utility in the PERSEREC Police Integrity Study sample. Assessment 23:173–90
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Tarescavage AM, Corey DM, Gupton HM, Ben-Porath YS 2015c. Criterion validity and clinical utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in assessments of police officer candidates. J. Personal. Assess. 97:382–94
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Tarescavage AM, Finn JA, Marek RJ, Ben-Porath YS, van Dulmen MHM 2015d. Premature termination from psychotherapy and internalizing psychopathology: the role of demoralization. J. Affect. Disord. 174:549–55
    [Google Scholar]
  131. Tarescavage AM, Fischler GL, Cappo B, Hill DO, Corey DM, Ben-Porath YS 2015e. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) predictors of police officer problem behavior and collateral self-report test scores. Psychol. Assess. 27:125–37
    [Google Scholar]
  132. Tarescavage AM, Glassmire DM, Burchett D 2016b. Introduction of a conceptual model for integrating the MMPI-2-RF into HCR-20V3 violence risk assessments and associations between the MMPI-2-RF and institutional violence. Law Hum. Behav. 40:626–37
    [Google Scholar]
  133. Tarescavage AM, Luna-Jones L, Ben-Porath YS 2014. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) predictors of violating probation after felonious crimes. Psychol. Assess. 26:1375–80
    [Google Scholar]
  134. Tarescavage AM, Marek RJ, Finn JA, Hicks A, Rapier JL, Ben-Porath YS 2013a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) normative elevation rates: comparisons with epidemiological prevalence rates. Clin. Neuropsychol. 27:1106–20
    [Google Scholar]
  135. Tarescavage AM, Wygant DB, Boutacoff LI, Ben-Porath YS 2013b. Reliability, validity, and utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in assessments of bariatric surgery candidates. Psychol. Assess. 25:1179–94
    [Google Scholar]
  136. Tellegen A 1985. Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders AH Tuma, JD Maser 681–706 Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    [Google Scholar]
  137. Tellegen A, Ben-Porath YS 2008. MMPI-2-RF (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form) Technical Manual Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  138. Tellegen A, Ben-Porath YS, McNulty JL, Arbisi PA, Graham JR, Kaemmer B 2003. The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Development, Validation, and Interpretation Minneapolis, MN: Univ. Minn. Press
  139. Tellegen A, Ben-Porath YS, Sellbom M 2009. Construct validity of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: reply to Rouse, Greene, Butcher, Nichols, and Williams. J. Personal. Assess. 91:211–21
    [Google Scholar]
  140. U.K. Home Off. 2002. Offender Assessment System: OASys Manual v2 London: U. K. Home Off.
  141. Univ. Minn. Press. 2018. Announcing the development of the MMPI-3. Univ. Minn. Press https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-3-announcement
  142. Van der Heijden PT, Rossi GM, Van der Veld MM, Derksen JJL, Egger JIM 2013. Personality and psychopathology: higher order relations between the Five Factor Model of personality and the MMPI-2-Restructured Form. J. Res. Personal. 47:572–79
    [Google Scholar]
  143. Watson C, Quilty LC, Bagby RM 2011. Differentiating bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder using the MMPI-2-RF: a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. J. Psychopathol. Behav. 33:368–74
    [Google Scholar]
  144. Watson D 2005. Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: a quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 114:522–36
    [Google Scholar]
  145. Watson D, Tellegen A 1985. Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychol. Bull. 98:219–35
    [Google Scholar]
  146. Weed NC 2006. Syndromal complexity, paradigm shifts, and the future of validation research: a comment on Nichols and Rogers, Sewell, Harrison, and Jordan. J. Personal. Assess. 87:217–22
    [Google Scholar]
  147. WHO (World Health Organ.). 2018. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Geneva: WHO. 11th rev https://icd.who.int/
  148. Wiggins CW, Wygant DB, Hoelzle JB, Gervais RO 2012. The more you say the less it means: overreporting and attenuated criterion validity in a forensic disability sample. Psychol. Inj. Law 5:162–73
    [Google Scholar]
  149. Wolf EJ, Miller MW, Orazem RJ, Weierich MR, Castillo DT et al. 2008. The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales in the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid disorders. Psychol. Assess. 20:327–40
    [Google Scholar]
  150. Wygant DB, Boutacoff LA, Arbisi PA, Ben-Porath YS, Kelly PH, Rupp WM 2007. Examination of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a sample of bariatric surgery candidates. J. Clin. Psychol. Med. Settings 14:197–205
    [Google Scholar]
  151. Wygant DB, Sellbom M 2012. Viewing psychopathy from the perspective of the Personality Psychopathology Five model: implications for DSM-5. J. Personal. Disord. 26:717–26
    [Google Scholar]
  152. Zahn N, Sellbom M, Pymont C, Schenk PW 2017. Associations between MMPI-2-RF scale scores and self-reported personality disorder criteria in a private practice sample. J. Psychopathol. Behav. 39:723–41
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error