Dinosaur Macroevolution and Macroecology

Literature Cited

1. Alexander M. 1998. All-time giants: the largest animals and their problems. Palaeontology 41:1231–45
   [Google Scholar]
2. Alroy J. 1998. Cope's rule and the dynamics of body mass evolution in North American fossil mammals. Science 280:731–34
   [Google Scholar]
3. Alroy J. 2000. Global climate change and North American mammalian evolution. Paleobiology 26:259–88
   [Google Scholar]
4. Alroy J. 2010. Geographical, environmental and intrinsic biotic controls on Phanerozoic marine diversification. Palaeontology 53:1211–35
   [Google Scholar]
5. Alvarez LW. 1983. Experimental evidence that an asteroid impact led to the extinction of many species 65 million years ago. PNAS 80:627–42
   [Google Scholar]
6. Archibald JD, Clemens WA, Padian K, Rowe T, Macleod N et al. 2010. Cretaceous extinctions: multiple causes. Science 328:973
   [Google Scholar]
7. Bakker RT. 1971. Ecology of the brontosaurs. Nature 299:172–74
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bakker RT. 1972. Anatomical and ecological evidence or endothermy in dinosaurs. Nature 238:81–85
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bakker RT, Galton PM 1974. Dinosaur monophyly and a new class of vertebrates. Nature 248:168–72
   [Google Scholar]
10. Balanoff AM, Bever GS, Rowe TB, Norell MA 2013. Evolutionary origins of the avian brain. Nature 501:93–96
    [Google Scholar]
11. Bapst DW. 2014. Preparing paleontological datasets for phylogenetic comparative methods. Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology L Garamszegi 515–44 Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    [Google Scholar]
12. Baron MG. 2018. Pisanosaurus mertii and the Triassic ornithischian crisis: Could phylogeny offer a solution?. Hist. Biol. press https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1410705
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
13. Barrett PM. 2000. Prosauropod dinosaurs and iguanas: speculations on the diets of extinct reptiles. Evolution of Herbivory in Terrestrial Vertebrates, Perspectives from the Fossil Record H-D Sues 42–78 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
14. Barrett PM. 2014. Paleobiology of herbivorous dinosaurs. Annu. Rev. Earth Plant. Sci. 42:207–30
    [Google Scholar]
15. Barrett PM, Butler RJ, Nesbitt SJ 2011. The roles of herbivory and omnivory in early dinosaur evolution. Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 101:383–96
    [Google Scholar]
16. Barrett PM, Evans DC, Campione NE 2015. Evolution of dinosaur epidermal structures. Biol. Lett. 11:20150229
    [Google Scholar]
17. Barrett PM, Maidment SCR 2017. The evolution of ornithischian quadrupedality. J. Iberian Geol. 43:363–77
    [Google Scholar]
18. Barrett PM, McGowan AJ, Page V 2009. Dinosaur diversity and the rock record. Proc. R. Soc. B 276:2667–74
    [Google Scholar]
19. Barrett PM, Willis KJ 2001. Did dinosaurs invent flowers? Dinosaur-angiosperm coevolution revisited. Biol. Rev. 76:411–47
    [Google Scholar]
20. Behrensmeyer AK, Western D, Dechant Boaz DE 1979. New perspectives in vertebrate paleoecology from a recent bone analysis. Paleobiology 5:12–21
    [Google Scholar]
21. Benson RBJ, Butler RJ, Alroy J, Mannion PD, Carrano MT et al. 2016. Near-stasis in the long-term diversification of Mesozoic tetrapods. PLOS Biol 14:e1002359
    [Google Scholar]
22. Benson RBJ, Butler RJ, Carrano MT, O'Connor PM 2012. Air-filled postcranial bones in theropod dinosaurs: physiological implications and the ‘reptile’-bird transition. Biol. Rev. 87:168–93
    [Google Scholar]
23. Benson RBJ, Campione NE, Carrano MT, Mannion PD, Sullivan C et al. 2014a. Rates of dinosaur body mass evolution indicate 170 million years of sustained ecological innovation on the avian stem lineage. PLOS Biol 12:e1001853
    [Google Scholar]
24. Benson RBJ, Choiniere JN 2013. Rates of dinosaur limb evolution provide evidence for exceptional radiation in Mesozoic birds. Proc. R. Soc. B 280:20131780
    [Google Scholar]
25. Benson RBJ, Frigot RA, Goswami A, Andres B, Butler RJ 2014b. Competition and constraint drove Cope's rule in the evolution of giant flying reptiles. Nat. Comm. 5:3567
    [Google Scholar]
26. Benson RBJ, Hunt G, Carrano MT, Campione N 2017. Cope's rule and the adaptive landscape of dinosaur body size evolution. Palaeontology 61:13–48
    [Google Scholar]
27. Benton MJ. 1983. Dinosaur success in the Triassic; a noncompetitive ecological model. Q. Rev. Biol. 58:29–55
    [Google Scholar]
28. Benton MJ. 1995. Diversification and extinction in the history of life. Science 268:52–58
    [Google Scholar]
29. Benton MJ, Clark JM 1988. Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia. The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods 1 Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds; Systematics Association Spec. Vol. 35A, ed. MJ Benton 295–338 Oxford, UK: Clarendon
    [Google Scholar]
30. Bhullar B-AS, Hanson M, Fabbri M, Pritchard A, Bever GS et al. 2016. How to make a bird skull: major transitions in the evolution of the avian cranium, paedomorphosis, and the beak as a surrogate hand. Integr. Comp. Biol. 56:389–403
    [Google Scholar]
31. Bhullar B-AS, Marugán-Lobón J, Racimo F, Bever GS, Rowe TB et al. 2012. Birds have paedomorphic dinosaur skulls. Nature 223:223–26
    [Google Scholar]
32. Bonaparte JF. 1982. Faunal replacement in the Triassic of South America. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2:362–71
    [Google Scholar]
33. Brown CM, Evans DC, Campione NE, O'Brien LJ, Eberth DA 2013. Evidence for taphonomic size bias in the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian, Alberta), a model Mesozoic terrestrial alluvial-paralic system. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 372:108–22
    [Google Scholar]
34. Brown JH, Marquet PA, Taper ML 1993. Evolution of body size: consequences of an energetic definition of fitness. Am. Nat. 142:573–84
    [Google Scholar]
35. Brown JH, Maurer BA 1986. Body size, ecological dominance and Cope's rule. Nature 324:248–50
    [Google Scholar]
36. Brown JH, Nicoletto PF 1991. Spatial scaling of species composition: body masses of North American land mammals. Am. Nat. 138:1478–512
    [Google Scholar]
37. Brusatte SL, Benton MJ, Ruta M, Lloyd GT 2008. Superiority, competition, and opportunism in the evolutionary radiation of dinosaurs. Science 321:1485–88
    [Google Scholar]
38. Brusatte SL, Butler RJ, Barrett MP, Carrano MT, Evans DC et al. 2015. The extinction of the dinosaurs. Biol. Rev. 90:628–42
    [Google Scholar]
39. Brusatte SL, Butler RJ, Prieto-Márquez A, Norell MA 2012. Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction. Nat. Comm. 3:804
    [Google Scholar]
40. Brusatte SL, Lloyd GT, Wang SC, Norell MA 2014. Gradual assembly of avian body plan culminated in rapid rates of evolution across the dinosaur-bird transition. Curr. Biol. 24:2386–92
    [Google Scholar]
41. Butler MA, King AA 2004. Phylogenetic comparative analysis: a modeling approach for adaptive evolution. Am. Nat. 164:683–95
    [Google Scholar]
42. Butler RJ, Barrett PM, Kenrick P, Penn MG 2009a. Testing co-evolutionary hypotheses over geological timescales: interactions between Mesozoic non-avian dinosaurs and cycads. Biol. Rev. 84:73–89
    [Google Scholar]
43. Butler RJ, Galton PM, Porro LB, Chiappe LM, Henderson DM, Erickson GM 2009b. Lower limits of ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America. Proc. R. Soc. B 277:375–81
    [Google Scholar]
44. Campione NE, Evans DC, Brown CM, Carrano MT 2014. Body mass estimation in non-avian bipeds using a theoretical conversion to quadrupedal stylopodial proportions. Methods Ecol. Evol. 5:913–23
    [Google Scholar]
45. Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L et al. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proc. R. Soc. B 284:20171219
    [Google Scholar]
46. Carrano MT. 2006. Body-size evolution in the Dinosauria. Amniote Paleobiology MT Carrano, TJ Gaudin, RW Blob, JR Wible 225–68 Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    [Google Scholar]
47. Chan NR. 2017. Morphospaces of functionally analogous traits show ecological separation between birds and pterosaurs. Proc. R. Soc. B 284:20171556
    [Google Scholar]
48. Chao A, Jost L 2012. Coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation: standardizing samples by completeness rather than size. Ecology 93:2533–47
    [Google Scholar]
49. Clapham ME, Karr JA 2012. Environmental and biotic controls on the evolutionary history of insect body size. PNAS 109:10927–30
    [Google Scholar]
50. Clarke JA, Tambussi CP, Norlega JI, Erickson GM, Ketcham RA 2005. Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous. Nature 433:305–8
    [Google Scholar]
51. Close RA, Benson RBJ, Upchurch P, Butler RJ 2017. Controlling for the species-area effect supports constrained long-term Mesozoic terrestrial diversification. Nat. Comm. 8:15381
    [Google Scholar]
52. Close RA, Evers SW, Alroy J, Butler RJ 2018. How should we estimate diversity in the fossil record? Testing richness estimators using sampling-standardised discovery curve. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9:1386–1400
    [Google Scholar]
53. Close RA, Friedman M, Lloyd GT, Benson RBJ 2015. Evidence for a mid-Jurassic adaptive radiation in mammals. Curr. Biol. 25:2137–42
    [Google Scholar]
54. Codron D, Carbone C, Müller DWH, Clauss M 2012. Ontogenetic niche shifts in dinosaurs influenced size, diversity and extinction in terrestrial vertebrates. Biol. Lett. 8:620–23
    [Google Scholar]
55. de Ricqlès AJ. 1974. Evolution of endothermy: histological evidence. Evol. Theory 1:51–80
    [Google Scholar]
56. Deccechi TA, Larsson HCE 2013. Body and limb size dissociation at the origin of birds: uncoupling allometric constrains across a macroevolutionary transition. Evolution 67:2741–52
    [Google Scholar]
57. Delair JB, Serjeant WAS 2002. The earliest discoveries of dinosaurs: the records re-examined. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 113:185–97
    [Google Scholar]
58. Dunning JB Jr 2007. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2nd ed..
59. Erickson GM. 2014. On dinosaur growth. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 42:675–97
    [Google Scholar]
60. Erickson GM, Rauhut OWM, Zhou Z, Turner AH, Inouye BD et al. 2009. Was dinosaurian physiology inherited by birds? Reconciling slow growth in Archaeopteryx. PLOS ONE 4:e7390
    [Google Scholar]
61. Erickson GM, Zelenitsky DK, Kay DI, Norell MA 2017. Dinosaur incubation periods directly determined from growth-line counts in embryonic teeth show reptilian-grade development. PNAS 114:540–45
    [Google Scholar]
62. Evans DC, Schott RK, Larson DW, Brown CM, Ryan MJ 2013. The oldest North American pachycephalosaurid and the hidden diversity of small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs. Nat. Comm. 4:1828
    [Google Scholar]
63. Farlow JO, Coroian ID, Foster JR 2010. Giants on the landscape: modelling the abundance of megaherbivorous dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, western USA). Hist. Biol. 22:403–29
    [Google Scholar]
64. Farlow JO, Dodson P, Chinsamy A 1995. Dinosaur biology. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26:445–71
    [Google Scholar]
65. Felice RN, Goswami A 2018. Developmental origins of mosaic evolution in the avian cranium. PNAS 115:555–60
    [Google Scholar]
66. Foote M. 1997. The evolution of morphological diversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28:129–52
    [Google Scholar]
67. Fritz SA, Schnitzler J, Eronen JT, Hof C, Böhning-Gaese K et al. 2013. Diversity in time and space: wanted dead and alive. Trends Ecol. Evol. 28:509–16
    [Google Scholar]
68. Gates TA, Prieto-Márquez A, Zanno LE 2012. Mountain building triggered Late Cretaceous North American megaherbivore dinosaur radiation. PLOS ONE 7:e42135
    [Google Scholar]
69. Gatesy SM, Dial KP 1996. Locomotor modules and the evolution of avian flight. Evolution 50:331–40
    [Google Scholar]
70. Godefroit P, Sinitse SM, Dhouailly D, Bolotsky YL, Sizov AV et al. 2014. A Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur from Siberia with both feathers and scales. Science 345:451–55
    [Google Scholar]
71. Grady JM, Enquist BJ, Dettweiller-Robinson E, Wright N, Smith FA 2014. Evidence for mesothermy in dinosaurs. Science 344:1268–72
    [Google Scholar]
72. Griffin CT, Nesbitt SJ 2016. Anomalously high variation in postnatal development is ancestral for dinosaurs but lost in birds. PNAS 113:14757–62
    [Google Scholar]
73. Hannisdal B, Haaga KA, Reitan T, Diego D, Liow L-H 2017. Common species link global ecosystems to climate change: dynamical evidence in the planktonic fossil record. Proc. R. Soc. B 284:20170722
    [Google Scholar]
74. Hansen TF. 1997. Stabilizing selection and the comparative analysis of adaptation. Evolution 51:1341–51
    [Google Scholar]
75. Hansen TF. 2013. Adaptive landscapes and macroevolutionary dynamics. The Adaptive Landscape in Evolutionary Biology EI Svensson, R Calsbeek 205–26 Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
76. Harmon LJ, Losos JB, Davies TJ, Gillespie RG, Gittleman JL et al. 2010. Early bursts of body size and shape evolution are rare in comparative data. Evolution 64:2385–96
    [Google Scholar]
77. Heath TA, Huelsenbeck JP, Stadler T 2014. The fossilized birth-death process for coherent calibration of divergence-time estimates. PNAS 111:E2957–66
    [Google Scholar]
78. Hotton N III 1980. An alternative to dinosaur endothermy, the happy wanderers. A Cold Look at Warm-Blooded Dinosaurs RDK Thomas, EC Olsen311–50 Boulder, CO: Westview
    [Google Scholar]
79. Hummel J, Clauss M 2008. Megaherbivores as pacemakers of carnivore diversity and biomass: distributing or sinking trophic energy. Evol. Ecol. Res. 10:925–30
    [Google Scholar]
80. Hutchinson GE, MacArthur RH 1959. A theoretical ecological model of size distributions among species of animals. Am. Nat. 93:117–25
    [Google Scholar]
81. Irmis RB. 2011. Evaluating hypotheses for the early diversification of dinosaurs. Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 101:397–426
    [Google Scholar]
82. Janis CM, Carrano MT 1992. Scaling of reproductive turnover in archosaurs and mammals: Why are large terrestrial mammals so rare?. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 28:201–16
    [Google Scholar]
83. Ksepka DT, Stidham TA, Williamson TE 2017. Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction. PNAS 114:8047–52
    [Google Scholar]
84. Langer MC, Ezcurra MD, Bittencourt JS, Novas FE 2010. The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs. Biol. Rev. 85:55–110
    [Google Scholar]
85. Larson DW, Brown CM, Evans DC 2016. Dental disparity and ecological stability in bird-like dinosaurs prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Curr. Biol. 26:1325–33
    [Google Scholar]
86. Le Loeuff J. 2012. Paleobiogeography and biodiversity of Late Maastrichtian dinosaurs: How many dinosaur species went extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary?. Bull. Soc. Géol. France 183:547–59
    [Google Scholar]
87. Lee MSY, Cau A, Naish D, Dyke GJ 2014. Sustained miniaturization and anatomical innovation in the dinosaurian ancestors of birds. Science 345:562–66
    [Google Scholar]
88. Lloyd GT. 2012. A refined modelling approach to assess the influence of sampling on palaeobiodiversity curves: new support for declining Cretaceous dinosaur richness. Biol. Lett. 8:123–26
    [Google Scholar]
89. Lloyd GT, Bapst DW, Friedman M, Davis KE 2017. Probabilistic divergence time estimation without branch lengths: dating the origins of dinosaurs, avian flight and crown birds. Biol. Lett. 12:20160609
    [Google Scholar]
90. Lloyd GT, Davis KE, Pisani D, Tarver JE, Ruta M et al. 2008. Dinosaurs and the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Proc. R. Soc. B 275:2483–90
    [Google Scholar]
91. Longrich NR, Currie PJ 2011. A microraptorine (Dinosauria-Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. PNAS 106:5002–7
    [Google Scholar]
92. Longrich NR, Tokaryk T, Field DJ 2011. Mass extinction of birds at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. PNAS 108:15253–57
    [Google Scholar]
93. MacLaren JA, Anderson PSL, Barrett PM, Rayfield EJ 2017. Herbivorous dinosaur jaw disparity and its relationship to extrinsic evolutionary drivers. Paleobiology 43:15–33
    [Google Scholar]
94. Mahler DL, Ingram T 2014. Phylogenetic comparative methods for studying clade-wide convergence. Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology LZ Garamszegi 425–50 Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    [Google Scholar]
95. McNab BK. 2009. Resources and energetics determined dinosaur maximal size. PNAS 106:12184–88
    [Google Scholar]
96. McPhee BW, Benson RBJ, Botha-Brink J, Bordy EM, Choiniere JN 2018. A giant dinosaur from the earliest Jurassic of South Africa and the transition to quadrupedality in early sauropodomorphs. Curr. Biol. press
    [Google Scholar]
97. McPhee BW, Yates AM, Choiniere JN, Abdala F 2014. The complete anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Antetonitrus ingenipes (Sauropodiformes, Dinosauria): implications for the origins of Sauropoda. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 171:151–205
    [Google Scholar]
98. McShea DW. 1994. Mechanisms of large-scale evolutionary trends. Evolution 48:1747–63
    [Google Scholar]
99. Middleton KM, Gatesy SM 2000. Theropod forelimb design and evolution. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 128:149–87
    [Google Scholar]
100. Milner AC, Walsh SA 2009. Avian brain evolution: new data from Palaeogene birds (Lower Eocene) from England. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 155:198–219
     [Google Scholar]
101. Mitchell JS, Roopnarine PD, Angielczyk. 2012. Late Cretaceous restructuring of terrestrial communities facilitated the end-Cretaceous mass extinction in North America. PNAS 109:18857–61
     [Google Scholar]
102. NCEAS (Natl. Cent. Ecol. Anal. Synth.), Smith F. 2004. Macroecological database of mammalian body mass Knowl. Netw. Biocomplexity, Albuquerque, NM, updated November 15, 2017. https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/#view/doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.196.3
103. Nesbitt S, Butler RJ, Ezcurra MD, Barrett PM, Stocker MR et al. 2017. The earliest bird-line archosaurs and the assembly of the dinosaur body plan. Nature 544:484–87
     [Google Scholar]
104. Norman DB, Weishampel DB 1991. Feeding mechanisms in some small herbivorous dinosaurs: process and patterns. Biomechanics and Evolution JMV Rayner, RJ Wooton 161–81 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
105. O'Connor J. 2018. The trophic habits of early birds. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.006
     [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
106. O'Connor J, Chiappe LM, Bell A 2011. Pre-modern birds: avian divergences in the Mesozoic. Living Dinosaurs: The Evolutionary History of Modern Birds G Dyke, G Kaiser 39–116 Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell
     [Google Scholar]
107. O'Connor PM, Claessens LPAM 2005. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Nature 436:253–56
     [Google Scholar]
108. O'Gorman EJ, Hone DWE 2012. Body size distribution of the dinosaurs. PLOS ONE 7:e51925
     [Google Scholar]
109. O'Leary MA, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A et al. 2013. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals. Science 339:662–67
     [Google Scholar]
110. Olsen PE, Kent DV, Sues H-D, Koeberl C, Huber H et al. 2002. Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Science 296:1305–7
     [Google Scholar]
111. Owen R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles, Part II. Rep. Br. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 11th Meet 1841.60–204
     [Google Scholar]
112. Padian K, Chiappe LM 1998. The origin and early evolution of birds. Biol. Rev. 73:1–42
     [Google Scholar]
113. Padian K, de Ricqlès AJ, Horner JR 2001. Dinosaurian growth rates and bird origins. Nature 412:405–8
     [Google Scholar]
114. Padian K, Horner JR, de Ricqlès AJ 2004. Growth in small dinosaurs and pterosaurs: the evolution of archosaurian growth strategies. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 24:555–71
     [Google Scholar]
115. Pennell MW, Harmon LJ 2013. An integrative view of phylogenetic comparative methods: connections to population genetics, community ecology and paleobiology. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1289:90–105
     [Google Scholar]
116. Prum RO, Berv JS, Dornburg A, Field DJ, Townsend JP et al. 2015. A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526:569–73
     [Google Scholar]
117. Puttick MN, Thomas GH, Benton MJ 2014. High rates of evolution preceded the origin of birds. Evolution 68:1497–510
     [Google Scholar]
118. Russell DA. 1995. China and the lost worlds of the dinosaurian era. Hist. Biol. 10:3–12
     [Google Scholar]
119. Sakamoto M, Benton MJ, Venditti C 2016a. Dinosaurs in decline tens of millions of years before their final extinction. PNAS 113:5036–40
     [Google Scholar]
120. Sakamoto M, Venditti C, Benton MJ 2016b. ‘Residual diversity estimates’ do not correct for sampling bias in palaeodiversity data. Methods. Ecol. Evol 8:453–59
     [Google Scholar]
121. Sander PM. 2013. An evolutionary cascade model for sauropod dinosaur gigantism—overview, update and tests. PLOS ONE 8:e78573
     [Google Scholar]
122. Sander PM, Christian A, Clauss M, Fechner R, Gee CT et al. 2010. Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism. Biol. Rev. 86:117–55
     [Google Scholar]
123. Sander PM, Clauss M 2008. Sauropod gigantism. Science 322:200–1
     [Google Scholar]
124. Sander PM, Klein N 2005. Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur. Science 310:1800–2
     [Google Scholar]
125. Sander PM, Klein N, Stein K, Wings K 2011. Sauropod bone histology and its implications for sauropod biology. Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: The Evolution of Gigantism N Klein, K Remes, PM Sander 276–302 Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
126. Sandom C, Faurby S, Sandel B, Svenning J-C 2014. Global late Quarternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not climate change. Proc. R. Soc. B 281:20133254
     [Google Scholar]
127. Schachner ER, Cieri RL, Butler JP, Farmer CG 2014. Unidirectional pulmonary airflow patterns in the savannah monitor lizard. Nature 506:367–70
     [Google Scholar]
128. Seebacher F. 2003. Dinosaur body temperatures: the occurrence of endothermy and ectothermy. Paleobiology 29:105–22
     [Google Scholar]
129. Sepkoski JJ Jr 1984. A kinetic model of Phanerozoic taxonomic diversity. III. Post-Paleozoic families and mass extinctions. Paleobiology 10:246–67
     [Google Scholar]
130. Sereno PC. 1997. The origin and evolution of dinosaurs. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 25:435–89
     [Google Scholar]
131. Sereno PC. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284:2137–47
     [Google Scholar]
132. Sereno PC, Arcucci AB 1994. Dinosaurian precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis, gen. nov. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 14:53–73
     [Google Scholar]
133. Sharov AG. 1971. [New flying reptiles from the Mesozoic beds of Central Asia]. Bull. Moscow Soc. Study Nat. Hist. Biol. Sect. 61:145–46 In Russian
     [Google Scholar]
134. Simpson GG. 1954. The Major Features of Evolution New York: Columbia Univ. Press
135. Slack KE, Jones CM, Ando T, Harrison GLA, Fordyce RE et al. 2006. Early penguin fossils, plus mitochondrial genomes, calibrate avian evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 23:1144–55
     [Google Scholar]
136. Slater GJ. 2013. Phylogenetic evidence for a shift in the mode of mammalian body size evolution at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Methods Ecol. Evol. 4:734–44
     [Google Scholar]
137. Slater GJ, Goldbogen JA, Pyenson ND 2017. Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics. Proc. R. Soc. B 284:20170546
     [Google Scholar]
138. Smith FA, Boyer AG, Brown JH, Costa DP, Dayan T et al. 2010. The evolution of maximum body size of terrestrial mammals. Science 330:1216–19
     [Google Scholar]
139. Stanley SM. 1973. An explanation for Cope's rule. Evolution 27:1–26
     [Google Scholar]
140. Starrfelt J, Liow LH 2017. How many dinosaur species were there? Fossil bias and true richness estimated using a Poisson sampling model. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 371:20150219
     [Google Scholar]
141. Turner AH, Pol D, Clarke JA, Erickson GM, Norell MA 2007. A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight. Science 317:1378–81
     [Google Scholar]
142. Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Benson RBJ, Butler RJ, Carrano MT 2011. Geological and anthropogenic controls on sampling of the terrestrial fossil record: a case study from the Dinosauria. Comparing the Geological and Fossil Records: Implications for Biodiversity Studies, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ 358 A McGowan, AB Smith 209–40 Bath, UK: Geol. Soc
     [Google Scholar]
143. Varrichio DJ. 2011. A distinct dinosaur life history?. Hist. Biol. 23:91–107
     [Google Scholar]
144. Vavrek MJ. 2016. The fragmentation of Pangaea and Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity. Biol. Lett. 12:20160528
     [Google Scholar]
145. Venditti C, Meade A, Pagel M 2011. Multiple routes to mammalian diversity. Nature 479:393–96
     [Google Scholar]
146. Wang SC, Dodson P 2006. Estimating the diversity of dinosaurs. PNAS 103:13601–5
     [Google Scholar]
147. Weishampel DB, Norman DB 1989. Vertebrate herbivory in the Mesozoic; jaws, plants, and evolutionary metrics. Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am. 238:87–100
     [Google Scholar]
148. Wills MA, Briggs DEG, Fortey RA 1994. Disparity as an evolutionary index: a comparison of Cambrian and recent arthropods. Paleobiology 20:93–130
     [Google Scholar]
149. Wilson GP. 2013. Mammals across the K/Pg boundary in northeastern Montana, U.S.A.: dental morphology and body-size patterns reveal extinction selectivity and immigrant-fueled ecospace filling. Paleobiology 39:429–69
     [Google Scholar]
150. Xu X, Choiniere J, Tan Q, Benson RBJ, Clark J et al. 2018. Two Early Cretaceous fossils document transitional stages in alvarezsaurian dinosaur evolution. Curr. Biol. press
     [Google Scholar]
151. Xu X, Zheng X, Sullivan C, Wang X, Xing L et al. 2015. A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran theropod with preserved evidence of membranous wings. Nature 521:70–73
     [Google Scholar]
152. Xu X, Zhou Z, Dudley R, Mackem S, Chuong C-M et al. 2014. An integrative approach to understanding bird origins. Science 346:1253293
     [Google Scholar]
153. Xu X, Zhou Z, Wang X, Kuang X, Zhang F et al. 2003. Four-winged dinosaurs from China. Nature 421:335–40
     [Google Scholar]
154. Zanno LE, Makovicky PJ 2011. Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution. PNAS 108:232–37
     [Google Scholar]
155. Zanno LE, Makovicky PJ 2013. No evidence for directional evolution of body mass in herbivorous theropod dinosaurs. Proc. R. Soc. B 280:20122526
     [Google Scholar]
156. Zardoya R, Meyer A 1998. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles. PNAS 95:14226–31
     [Google Scholar]
157. Zheng X-T, You H-L, Xu X, Dong Z-M 2009. An Early Cretaceous heterodontosaurid dinosaur with filamentous integumentary structures. Nature 458:333–36
     [Google Scholar]
158. Zhou Z-H, Wang Y 2014. The Jehol Biota, an Early Cretaceous terrestrial Lagerstätte: new discoveries and implications. Natl. Sci. Rev. 1:543–59
     [Google Scholar]