1932

Abstract

Foreign aid is one of the most important policy tools that rich countries use to help poor countries improve population well-being and facilitate economic and institutional development. The empirical evidence on its benefits is mixed and has generated much controversy. This article presents descriptive statistics that show that foreign aid to very poor countries accounts for very little of total global aid; reviews the evidence that foreign aid is often determined by the objectives of donor countries rather than the needs of recipient countries; argues that the evidence on the impact of aggregate foreign aid is hindered by problems of measurement and identification, which partly result from the heterogeneous nature of aid; and discusses recent studies using natural and randomized experiments to examine narrowed definitions of aid on more disaggregated outcomes.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115553
2015-08-02
2024-04-18
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/economics/7/1/annurev-economics-080614-115553.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115553&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Alesina A, Dollar D. 2000. Who gives foreign aid to whom and why?. J. Econ. Growth 5:33–63 [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker JL. 2000. Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects on Poverty: A Handbook for Practitioners Washington, DC: World Bank
  3. Banerjee AV, Duflo E. 2011. Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty New York: Public Aff.
  4. Bates RH, Deaton A, Bhagwati JN, Banerjee AV, Amsden AH, Stern N. 2007. Making Aid Work MIT Press Cambridge, MA:
  5. Besley TJ, Persson T. 2011. The logic of political violence. Q. J. Econ. 126:1411–45 [Google Scholar]
  6. Casey K, Glennerster R, Miguel E. 2012. Reshaping institutions: evidence on aid impacts using a preanalysis plan. Q. J. Econ. 127:1755–812 [Google Scholar]
  7. Collier P, Dehn J. 2001. Aid, shocks, and growth. Work. Pap., World Bank, Washington, DC
  8. Collier P, Dollar D. 2002. Aid allocation and poverty reduction. Eur. Econ. Rev. 46:1475–500 [Google Scholar]
  9. Collier P, Hoeffler A. 2002. Aid, policy and peace: reducing the risk of civil conflict. Def. Peace Econ. 13:435–50 [Google Scholar]
  10. Collier P, Hoeffler A. 2004. Aid, policy and growth in post-conflict societies. Eur. Econ. Rev. 48:1125–45 [Google Scholar]
  11. Crost B, Felter J, Johnston P. 2014. Aid under fire: development projects and civil conflict. Am. Econ. Rev. 104:1833–56 [Google Scholar]
  12. Dalgaard CJ, Hansen H, Tarp F. 2004. On the empirics of foreign aid and growth. Econ. J. 114:191–216 [Google Scholar]
  13. Deaton A. 2013. The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  14. Dev. Initiat 2013. Investments to end poverty: real money, real choices, real lives: investments to end poverty Rep., Dev. Initiat. Bristol, UK:
  15. Djankov S, Montalvo J, Reynal-Querol M. 2008. The curse of aid. J. Econ. Growth 13:169–94 [Google Scholar]
  16. Dollar D, Burnside C. 2000. Aid, policies, and growth. Am. Econ. Rev. 90:847–68 [Google Scholar]
  17. Dube O, Naidu S. 2011. Bases, bullets, and ballots: the effect of U.S. military aid on political conflict in Colombia. Work. Pap., Cent. Glob. Dev., Washington, DC
  18. Dube O, Vargas J. 2013. Commodity price shocks and civil conflict: evidence from Colombia. Rev. Econ. Stud. 80:1384–421 [Google Scholar]
  19. Easterly W. 2003. Can foreign aid buy growth?. J. Econ. Perspect. 17:23–48 [Google Scholar]
  20. Easterly W. 2006. Why doesn’t aid work? Cato Unbound. http://www.cato-unbound.org/2006/04/02/william-easterly/why-doesnt-aid-work
  21. Easterly W, Levine R, Roodman D. 2004. New data, new doubts: a comment on Burnside and Dollar’s “Aid, Policies, and Growth.”. Am. Econ. Rev. 3:774–80 [Google Scholar]
  22. Eisensee T, Stromberg D. 2007. News droughts, news floods, and U.S. disaster relief. Q. J. Econ. 122:693–728 [Google Scholar]
  23. Eubank N. 2012. Taxation, political accountability and foreign aid: lessons from Somaliland. J. Dev. Stud. 48:465–80 [Google Scholar]
  24. Faye M, Niehaus P. 2012. Political aid cycles. Am. Econ. Rev. 102:3516–30 [Google Scholar]
  25. Galiani S, Knack S, Xu LC, Zou B. 2014. The effect of aid on growth: evidence from a quasi-experiment. Work. Pap., World Bank, Washington, DC
  26. Garfinkel MR. 1990. Arming as a strategic investment in a cooperative equilibrium. Am. Econ. Rev. 80:50–68 [Google Scholar]
  27. Guillaumont P, Chauvet L. 2001. Aid and performance: a reassessment. J. Dev. Stud. 37:66–92 [Google Scholar]
  28. Guiteras R, Mobarak AM. 2014. Does development aid undermine political accountability? Leader and constituent responses to a large-scale intervention. Work. Pap., Yale Univ., New Haven, CT
  29. Hansen H, Tarp F. 2001. Aid and growth regressions. J. Dev. Econ. 64:547–70 [Google Scholar]
  30. Jayne TS, Strauss J, Yamano T, Molla D. 2002. Targeting of food aid in rural Ethiopia: chronic need or inertia?. J. Dev. Econ. 68:247–88 [Google Scholar]
  31. Khilji NM, Zampelli EM. 1994. The fungibility of U.S. military and non-military assistance and the impacts on expenditures of major aid recipients. J. Dev. Econ. 43:345–62 [Google Scholar]
  32. Kirwan B, McMillan M. 2007. Food aid and poverty. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 89:1152–60 [Google Scholar]
  33. Kuziemko I, Werker E. 2006. How much is a seat on the Security Council worth? Foreign aid and bribery at the United Nations. J. Polit. Econ. 114:905–30 [Google Scholar]
  34. Manacorda M, Miguel E, Vigorito A. 2011. Government transfers and political support. Am. Econ. J. Appl. Econ. 3:31–28 [Google Scholar]
  35. McKinlay RD, Little R. 1977. A foreign policy model of U.S. bilateral aid allocation. World Polit. 30:58–86 [Google Scholar]
  36. McKinlay RD, Little R. 1978a. A foreign-policy model of the distribution of British bilateral aid, 1960–70. Br. J. Polit. Sci. 8:313–31 [Google Scholar]
  37. McKinlay RD, Little R. 1978b. The French aid relationship: a foreign policy model of the distribution of French bilateral aid, 1964–70. Dev. Change 9:459–78 [Google Scholar]
  38. Meernik J, Krueger EL, Poe SC. 1998. Testing models of U.S. foreign policy: foreign aid during and after the Cold War. J. Polit. 60:63–85 [Google Scholar]
  39. Miguel E, Satyanath S, Sergenti E. 2004. Economic shocks and civil conflict: an instrumental variables approach. J. Polit. Econ. 112:725–53 [Google Scholar]
  40. Nunn N, Qian N. 2014. U.S. food aid and civil conflict. Am. Econ. Rev. 104:1630–66 [Google Scholar]
  41. Nunn N, Qian N. 2015. The determinants of food aid provisions to Africa and the developing world. African Successes: Sustainable Growth Edwards S, Johnson S, Weil D. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press. In press [Google Scholar]
  42. OECD (Organ. Econ. Co-op. Dev.) 2000. DAC statistical reporting directives Rep., OECD Paris:
  43. OECD (Organ. Econ. Co-op. Dev.) 2014. DAC members. http://www.oecd.org/dac/dacmembers.htm
  44. Olken BA, Onishi J, Wong S. 2014. Should aid reward performance? Evidence from a field experiment on health and education in Indonesia. Am. Econ. J. Appl. Econ. 6:41–34 [Google Scholar]
  45. Pack H, Pack JR. 1990. Is foreign aid fungible? The case of Indonesia. Econ. J. 100:188–94 [Google Scholar]
  46. Pedersen K. 1996. Aid, investment and incentives. Scand. J. Econ. 98:423–37 [Google Scholar]
  47. Polman L. 2010. The Crisis Caravan: What’s Wrong with Humanitarian Aid? New York: Henry Holt
  48. Rajan RG, Subramanian A. 2011. Aid, Dutch disease, and manufacturing growth. J. Dev. Econ. 94:106–18 [Google Scholar]
  49. Roodman D. 2007. The anarchy of numbers: aid, development, and cross-country empirics. World Bank Econ. Rev. 21:255–77 [Google Scholar]
  50. Sachs J. 2005. Four easy pieces. New York Times, June 25. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/25/opinion/25sachs.html?_r=0
  51. Sachs J. 2006. The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time New York: Penguin
  52. Schraeder PJ, Hook SW, Taylor B. 1998. Clarifying the foreign aid puzzle: a comparison of American, Japanese, French, and Swedish aid flows. World Polit. 50:294–323 [Google Scholar]
  53. Svensson J. 2000. Foreign aid and rent-seeking. J. Int. Econ. 51:437–61 [Google Scholar]
  54. United Nations 1970. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly 2626 (XXV). International development strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade. http://www.un-documents.net/a25r2626.htm
  55. United Nations Millenn. Proj 2004. The 0.7% target: an in-depth look. United Nations, Washington, DC. http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/press/07.htm
  56. Werker E, Ahmed FZ, Cohen C. 2009. How is foreign aid spent? Evidence from a natural experiment. Am. Econ. J. Macroecon. 1:2225–44 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115553
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115553
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error